1、Unit 5 Viewpoints on ScienceIn this unit,you will:1.learn what scientific attitude is and how to end science illiteracy;2.familiarize yourself with the words,expressions and sentence patterns related to scientific attitude and science literacy;3.use these words,expressions,and sentence patterns in w
2、riting and speech;4.research the importance of scientific attitude and science literacy on the Internet;5.give an oral presentation to the class about science literacy;6.learn to write an introduction in an essay.Learning objectives Task 1 Brainstorming Task 2 Surfing and Reporting Task 3 Watching a
3、nd Retelling Task 4 Vocabulary PreviewTask 1 BrainstormingUnit 5 Part I Task 11.Brainstorm a list of 10 words commonly used when discussing scientific attitude and science literacy.2.Read the following statement and fill in the table below.Essential attitude of the scientistinquiryexperimentationhum
4、ility before the factsA good scientist isan honest oneone who does not bow to any authorityever ready to modify or even abandon his ideas if adequate evidence is found contradicting them1.Work in groups to find information on the Internet about the following terms.Task 2 Surfing and ReportingUnit 5
5、Part I Task 2A)5 superstitions from the WestB)trial and error methodC)genetic engineeringD)human genome mappingE)law of falling bodiesF)continental driftG)the Cretaceous extinctionH)quarks and leptonsWeb resourceshttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineeringhttp:/www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/htt
6、p:/library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01087/homepage.htmlAnswers for reference:Unit 5 Part I Task 2A)5 superstitions from the West 1)A black cat crossing ones path by moonlight means death in an epidemic.(Irish superstition)2)Catching a glimpse of the new moon over ones left shoulder is considered bad luc
7、k.3)Many people regard Friday as an unlucky day as a bad day to start a journey,to marry or to make any investment.4)Friday the 13th is thought to be an unlucky day because it combines two unlucky entities(Friday and the number 13).5)A white moth inside the house or trying to enter the house means d
8、eath.B)trial and error method The empirical method to test a hypothesis or procedure by 2.Take the following Scientific Literacy Quiz to find out how scientifically literal you are.Unit 5 Part I Task 21)Which of the following is NOT part of the scientific method?A.Careful observation of nature.B.Bui
9、lding theories to explain what you observe.C.Testing the predictions of those theories against observations.D.They are all part of the scientific method.2)Once you burn gasoline in your car,the energy in that gasoline _.A.enters the environment as heat B.is lost forever C.has to be replaced by drill
10、ing for more oil D.None of the above.Unit 5 Part I Task 23)You touch the inside of a window with a wooden frame on a cold day and find that the glass feels colder than the wood.This is because _.A.the glass is at a lower temperature B.wood is a poorer heat conductor than glass C.wood generates more
11、heat than glass D.None of the above.4)A lightning bolt results from _.A.large magnetic fields in thunderclouds B.intense flashes of light in the clouds C.the flow of electrical charges between the cloud and the ground D.none of the above.Unit 5 Part I Task 25)Which of the following kinds of material
12、s make the best electrical conductor?A.Glass.B.Metal.C.Wood.D.They are all good conductors.6)Which of the following statements best describes the ages of the solar system,the Milky Way,and the universe?A.The sun is much younger than the universe.B.The sun and the universe are about the same age.C.Th
13、e sun is about the same age as the Milky Way.D.The sun is younger than the Milky Way.Unit 5 Part I Task 27)Acid rain is caused primarily by _.A.natural acids in the atmosphere B.material emitted by refrigerants in air conditioners C.material emitted by industrial smokestacks and automobiles D.the de
14、struction of the ozone layer8)DNA _.A.contains the information that allows cells to run chemical reactions B.makes up most of the material inside a cell C.is almost all composed of genes D.None of the above.Task 3 Watching and Retelling1.Watch the video clip from“Remarks by President Obama on the Ed
15、ucation to Innovate Campaign”.Fill in the blanks with the information you have heard.Use the glossary below as a reference.peril/perl/(严重的严重的)危险危险innovation/nven/创新，革新创新，革新innovator/nvet(r)/创新者，革新者创新者，革新者unparalleled/nprleld/无双的；空前的无双的；空前的statistics/sttstks/统计数据统计数据attach/tt/附上，附加附上，附加partisan/p:tiz
16、n/党派偏见党派偏见Unit 5 Part I Task 3bankrupt/bkrpt/使破产，使无力偿使破产，使无力偿bickering/bkr/斗嘴，争吵斗嘴，争吵endanger/endend/危害，使遭到危危害，使遭到危险险indifference/ndfrns/不关心，不在乎，冷淡不关心，不在乎，冷淡Wall Street 华尔街华尔街imperil/mperl/危害，使陷于危险危害，使陷于危险harness/h:ns/利用（瀑布、风等利用（瀑布、风等）the Recovery Act/rikvrikt/经济复苏法案经济复苏法案reaffirm/ri:f:m/再肯定再肯定budge
17、t shortfall/bdt:tf:l/预算短缺预算短缺Unit 5 Part I Task 3Unit 5 Part I Task 3 We live in a world of unprecedented perils,but also unparalleled potential.Our medical system holds the promise of unlocking new cures,but its attached to a 1)system thats bankrupting families and businesses and our government.The
18、 sources of energy that power our 2)are also endangering our planet.We confront threats to our security that seek to exploit the very 3)that is essential to our prosperity.And we face challenges in a 4)that link the trader to Wall Street to the homeowner on Main Street,to the 5)in America,to the fac
19、tory worker in Chinaan economy in which we all share in 6),but we also share,unfortunately,in crisis.health care_economy_office worker_openness_global marketplace_opportunity_Unit 5 Part I Task 3 The key to meeting these challengesto improving our health and well-being,to harnessing 7),to protecting
20、 our security,and succeeding in the global economywill be reaffirming and strengthening 8)as the worlds engine of scientific discovery and technological innovation.And that leadership tomorrow 9)how we educate our students today,especially in those fields that hold the promise of producing future 10
21、)and innovators.And thats why education in math and science is so important.clean energy_Americas role_innovations_depends on_2.Watch the video again and then explain the main ideas to your partner.【Script】ScriptUnit 5 Part I Task 3 Video Clip Transcript We live in a world of unprecedented perils,bu
22、t also unparalleled potential.Our medical system holds the promise of unlocking new cures,but its attached to a health care system thats bankrupting families and businesses and our government.The sources of energy that power our economy are also endangering our planet.We confront threats to our secu
23、rity that seek to exploit the very openness that is essential to our prosperity.And we face challenges in a global marketplace that link the trader to Wall Street to the homeowner on Main Street,to the office worker in Task 4 Vocabulary PreviewRead the words and phrases below,paying attention to the
24、 pronunciation.Use the scale below to give yourself a score for each word.After finishing the study of the unit,score yourself again to check your improvement.Unit 5 Part I Task 41I dont understand this word.2I have seen this word before,but I am not sure of the meaning.3I understand this word when
25、I see it or hear it,but I dont know how to use it.4I know this word and can use it in my own speaking and writing.Nouns philosopher logic opposition ingredient appeal humility experimentation follower capacity self-deception validity claim stepping-stone resource likelihood self-interestGlossary for
26、 Main ReadingUnit 5 Part I Task 4Verbs modify outweigh retainAdjectives answerable accidental opposing proportional competent capable long-run compellingUnit 5 Part I Task 4Adverbs essentially traditionallyPhrases credited with trial and error account for in spite of to the contrary regardless of ma
27、ke great efforts(to do something)be expert at be capable of in principle in practice subject someone/something to something be bound toUnit 5 Part I Task 4Glossary for Related ReadingNouns literacy seatmate breadth insight genetics self-confidence genome meteorite Mars illiteracy innovation issue vo
28、ter genetic-engineering multibillion-dollar proposal legislation ignorance parameter marketplace curriculum completion creation drift cretaceous extinction quark lepton familiarity dividendUnit 5 Part I Task 4Verbs steer initiate inquire display terminate comprehend hasten sustain confrontUnit 5 Par
29、t I Task 4Adjectives midway influential frightening non-scientific topical unmatched smug global-warming incomprehensible illiterate democratic ample economic top-level educationalPhrases be associated with point out be related to be familiar with pay dividendsUnit 5 Part I Task 4Adverbs roughly abr
30、uptly vigorously purposely subsequently scientifically immensely Main Reading Related Reading Main Reading Text-Related Information Text Structure Analysis Language Points Translation of the Texts Tasks Text-Related InformationUnit 5 Part II Main Reading1.Paul G.Hewitt is an American physicist and a
31、uthor.In 1964,Hewitt began his teaching career at the City College of San Francisco.In 1987,Hewitt began writing a high-school version of Conceptual Physics,which is a bestseller published by AddisonWesley.Conceptual Physics at the college level is now on its eleventh edition.Unit 5 Part II Main Rea
32、ding2.Trial and error method,or trial by error or try and error,is a general method of problem solving,fixing things,or for obtaining knowledge.Learning doesnt happen from failure itself but rather from analyzing the failure,making a change,and then trying again.In trial and error,one selects a poss
33、ible answer,applies it to the problem at hand and,if it is not successful,selects (or generates)another possibility that is subsequently tried.The process ends when a possibility yields a solution.Unit 5 Part II Main Reading3.Gentry Lee is a noted space-systems engineer,SPACE.com columnist,TV produc
34、er,and Science Fiction author.Unit 5 Part II Main Reading4.S is a website for space and astronomy related news.Its stories are often syndicated to other media outlets,including CNN,MSNBC,Yahoo!,and USA Today.S was founded by CNN anchor Lou Dobbs and Rich Zahradnik,in July 1999,with Dobbs being its c
35、hief executive officer.Unit 5 Part II Main Reading5.Federal Reserve(also known as the Federal Reserve System,and informally as the Fed)is the central banking system of the United States.It was created in 1913 with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act,and was largely a response to a series of fin
36、ancial panics,particularly a severe panic in 1907.Over time,the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded,and its structure has evolved.Events such as the Great Depression were major factors leading to changes in the system.Its duties today,according to official Federal
37、Reserve documentation,fall into four general categories:1)Conducting the nations monetary policy by Unit 5 Part II Main Reading6.mapping the human genome 人类基因组图谱绘制Completed in 2003,the Human Genome Project(HGP)was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S.Department of Energy and the National Institu
38、tes of Health.During the early years of the HGP,the Wellcome Trust(U.K.)became a major partner;additional contributions came from Japan,France,Germany,China,and others.Project goals were to identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA;determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemi
39、cal base pairs that make up human DNA;store this information in databases;improve tools for data analysis;Unit 5 Part II Main Reading7.M.B.A.(Master of Business Administration)is a masters degree in business administration.The MBA designation originated in the United States,emerging from the late 19
40、th century as the country industrialized and companies sought out scientific approaches to management.The core courses in the MBA program are designed to introduce students to the various areas of business such as accounting,marketing,human resources,and operations management.Students in some MBA pr
41、ograms have the option to select an area of concentration and focus approximately one-third of their studies in this subject.Unit 5 Part II Main Reading8.Continental drift the theory about the movement of the Earths continents relative to each other.The hypothesis that continents drift was first put
42、 forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 and was fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912.However,it was not until the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s that a sufficient geological explanation of that movement was found.Unit 5 Part II Main Reading9.the Cretaceous extinction(Cre
43、taceous(K-T)Extinction)Fast Facts:-Numerous evolutionary radiations occurred during the Cretaceous(144-65 million years ago).-A major extinction occurred at the end of the period.-85%of all species died in the End-Cretaceous(K-T)extinction.The end of the Cretaceous Period(140 to 65 million years ago
44、)is probably most famous for the extinction of the dinosaurs.However,many other groups of animals went extinct at this time as well.Text Structure Analysis PartsParagraphsMain IdeasIAIntroduction Paragraph A:Science made its greatest headwayin the sixteenth century when people began askinganswerable
45、 questions about nature,but advance was slow because of the powerful opposition to scientific methods and ideas.Unit 5 Part II Main ReadingPartsParagraphsMain IdeasIIBGalileos method for scientificresearchParagraph B:The success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed
46、 and are employing a“method”that is extremely effective in gaining,organizing,and applying new knowledge.Unit 5 Part II Main ReadingPartsParagraphsMain IdeasIII CDRather than a particularmethod,the success ofscience has more to dowith an attitude common to scientists.Paragraph C:The essential scient
47、ific attitude is:inquiry,experimentation,and humility before the facts.Paragraph D:Scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different.Unit 5 Part II Main ReadingPartsParagraphsMain IdeasIVEAway from their profession,scientists are inherently no more honest or ethicalthan oth
48、er people.However,in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high premium on honesty.Unit 5 Part II Main ReadingLanguage Points Unit 5 Part II Main Reading1.Science made its greatest headway in the sixteenth century when people began asking answerable questions about nature when they bega
49、n replacing superstition by a systematic search for order when experiment in addition to logic was used to test ideas.(L1)Paraphrase:In the sixteenth century,when people began to ask questions about nature trying to get an answer,to use a systematic search for order instead of superstition and to us
50、e experiment and logic to test their ideas,science made its greatest progress.【译文译文】在在16世纪，随着人们开始针对自然提出能够回答的问题，世纪，随着人们开始针对自然提出能够回答的问题，科学取得了最伟大的进展科学取得了最伟大的进展人们开始用对秩序的系统探人们开始用对秩序的系统探索取代迷信索取代迷信不仅用逻辑而且用实验来检验观点。不仅用逻辑而且用实验来检验观点。Unit 5 Part II Main Reading2.Where people once tried to influence natural even
