1、Learning about English Text A The Glorious Messiness of English 1.The text can be divided into three parts.Now write down the paragraph numbers of each part(Part Two has been done for you)and its main idea:previousnextindexbreakoverbackPart One(Paras 1 3)wMassive borrowing from other languages is a
2、major feature of the English language.Part Two(Paras 416)wTells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Part Three(Paras 1719)wTolerance,love of freedom,and respect for the rights of othersthese qualities in the Englishspeaking people explai
3、n the richness of their language.Main idea:wBecause of its tolerance for outside influences,English has become a great language.wNew Words and New Words and ExpressionsExpressionsThe ancient temples massive stone pillars had begun to crumble.近年来学生的数量有了巨大的增长。近年来学生的数量有了巨大的增长。She drank a massive amount
4、 of alcohol.In recent years there has been a massive increase in the number of students.她喝了大量的烈性酒。她喝了大量的烈性酒。massive large in scale,amount,or degree我相信宣扬暴力的电影会使年轻人堕落。我相信宣扬暴力的电影会使年轻人堕落。vt.1)使（语言）变得不标准使（语言）变得不标准 2)腐蚀，贿赂，使堕落腐蚀，贿赂，使堕落corruptHas Japanese been corrupted by the introduction of foreign words
5、?他因企图向税务官员行贿而被判入狱。他因企图向税务官员行贿而被判入狱。He was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a tax official with money.I believe films of violence would corrupt young people.corrupt a.3)腐败的腐败的,污浊的污浊的;堕落的堕落的;贪污的贪污的wcorrupt morals 腐败风气腐败风气wcorrupt officials 贪官污吏贪官污吏wcorrupt practices 舞弊行为舞弊行为wcorrupt air 污浊的空气污浊的空气
6、w Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again科学家们呼吁国际社会创立国际准则来禁止克隆人类科学家们呼吁国际社会创立国际准则来禁止克隆人类Scientists called on the international community to create an international convention to ban human cloning.vt.禁止，取缔（禁止，取缔（ban sth.;ban sb.from sth./doing sth.)banpreviousnextb
7、ackindexbreakoverThe government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.n.(followed by on)banThere is a ban on smoking in this theatre.lay/put(a)ban on 禁止禁止(某事某事)remove/lift the ban(on)(对对)解禁解禁这个剧院里禁止吸烟。这个剧院里禁止吸烟。previousmorebackindexbreakoverJames Watt invented the steam engine.这部小说里所有的
8、人物都是虚构的。这部小说里所有的人物都是虚构的。All the characters in the novel are invented.v.1)v.1)发明发明 2)2)虚构虚构inventpreviousnextbackindexbreakovertolerancen.followed by of/for 1)容忍，宽容容忍，宽容 2)忍耐忍耐The patient had no tolerance for pain.全世界各种族间的互谅互让是必不可少的。全世界各种族间的互谅互让是必不可少的。我对噪音的忍耐力是有限的。我对噪音的忍耐力是有限的。My tolerance of noise i
9、s limited.Tolerance between the races of the world is a must.previousnextbackindexbreakoverto a(very real,certain,etc.)extent 在在(极大，某种极大，某种)程度上程度上 水污染在很大程度上影响了当地居民。水污染在很大程度上影响了当地居民。To a very real extent the water pollution has affected local residents.从某种程度上讲这家餐馆的失败在于管理不善。从某种程度上讲这家餐馆的失败在于管理不善。To a c
10、ertain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.previousmorebackindexbreakovernecessityn.1)必需品必需品 A lot of people would consider a TV as more of a necessity than a luxury item.工人们的工资太低了，以至于他们几乎没有足工人们的工资太低了，以至于他们几乎没有足够的钱买最起码的生活必需品。够的钱买最起码的生活必需品。The workers wages were so low that
11、 they hardly had enough money to buy the bare necessities of life.previousnextbackindexbreakovernecessityn.2)必要必要(性性)followed by of/forThere is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project.他们就教育改革的必要性达成了一致意见。他们就教育改革的必要性达成了一致意见。They reached an agreement on the necessity of educationa
12、l reforms.previousnextbackindexbreakoverarousevt.provoke 唤起，激起唤起，激起 These educational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks.他们的反常行为引起了警察的怀疑。他们的反常行为引起了警察的怀疑。Their strange behavior aroused the policemans suspicions.previousnextbackindexbreakoversurr
13、endergive in(followed by to)投降投降After several weeks of severe attacks,Afghanistans Taliban forces surrendered to the North Alliance.尽管有恐怖袭击，我们决不会向恐怖主义投降。尽管有恐怖袭击，我们决不会向恐怖主义投降。Well never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks.previousmorebackindexbreakoverresemblevt.be like or similar to
14、 与与相似相似他酷似他的父亲。他酷似他的父亲。He strongly resembles his father.她说话时打手势的动作象她的妈妈。她说话时打手势的动作象她的妈妈。She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.previousnextbackindexbreakoverdescendvi.(followed by from)起源于；下来起源于；下来These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers.日本人被认为是起源于来自
15、中国北方的部族。日本人被认为是起源于来自中国北方的部族。The Japanese are thought to be descended from tribes from the north of China.他出自名门。他出自名门。He(is)descended from a good family.previousnextbackindexbreakoverpass(sth.)on to(sb.)将将传给传给The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess.你读完这本小说后，请传给劳拉。你读完这本小说后，请传给劳拉。When yo
16、u have finished reading the novel,please pass it on to Laura.现在让我们看看下一个题目。现在让我们看看下一个题目。Let us now pass on to the next subject.conquerv.征服征服 She has conquered the hearts of many men.西班牙人曾一度征服了南美洲的大部分地区。西班牙人曾一度征服了南美洲的大部分地区。The Spanish once conquered most of South America.人定胜天。人定胜天。Man can conquer natu
17、re.previousnextbackindexbreakoveralternativen.(followed by to)供选择的东西供选择的东西Check out the alternatives before deciding whether to go to a nearby college.除了回家，还有什么选择？除了回家，还有什么选择？What is the alternative to going home?We have no alternative but to fight till victory.我们除了战斗直到胜利，别无选择。我们除了战斗直到胜利，别无选择。previo
18、usnextbackindexbreakovermodifyvt.change slightly修改，更改修改，更改The computer programmers tried to modify the design of the software to make it suitable for commercial production.The school authorities plan to the school regulations.previousnextbackindexbreakoverenrichv.1)使富裕使富裕 2)improve 丰富丰富That once poo
19、r coastal village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.旅行丰富人的生活。旅行丰富人的生活。Travel enriches peoples lives.油田的开发使许多阿拉伯国家变得富有。油田的开发使许多阿拉伯国家变得富有。The development of oil fields enriched many Arabian countries.previousnextbackindexbreakoverclassicn.经典作品经典作品 a.古典的；第一流的古典的；第一流的Jerry prefers classic mu
20、sic to popular songs.你喜欢读英国古典文学名著吗？你喜欢读英国古典文学名著吗？Do you like reading the classics of English literature？previousmorebackindexbreakoversourcen.来源来源Tourism,which is a major source of income for the city,has been seriously affected by the terrorist attacks.The news comes from a reliable source.坏了的食物是疾病
21、之源。坏了的食物是疾病之源。Bad food is a source of illness.previousmorebackindexbreakover 这条消息来源可靠。这条消息来源可靠。previousnextbackindexbreakCf.:originMany Americans are African by origin.origin:n.起源；血统起源；血统overThe origins of civilization 文明的起源文明的起源 be of noble(humble)origin 出生高贵（微贱）出生高贵（微贱）out of control失去控制，不受约束失去控制，
22、不受约束The fire was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived.他们无能为力，因为局势已经失去控制。他们无能为力，因为局势已经失去控制。There was nothing they could do about it,because the situation was out of control.previousnextbackindexbreakoverput into practice将将付诸实施付诸实施Having delayed several times,we must put this plan
23、 into practice now.你们应该把接受的教导在日常生活中付诸实施。你们应该把接受的教导在日常生活中付诸实施。You should put into practice in your daily lives the teachings you received.previousnextbackindexbreakoverstrike out创造，开创创造，开创After working for his father for about ten years,he decided to strike out on his own.在狱中呆了五年后，他在朋友的帮助下开始了新生活在狱中呆了
24、五年后，他在朋友的帮助下开始了新生活After being in prison for five years,he struck out with the help of his friends.previousnextbackindexbreakoverpreserve n.独占的地区或范围；独占的地区或范围；禁猎地禁猎地 2.vt.保护，保存保护，保存 The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interests.你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。你可以用盐
25、保存肉或鱼。此区域内严禁打猎。此区域内严禁打猎。No hunting is allowed in the preserve.previousnextbackindexbreakoverYou can preserve meat or fish in salt.There must be some traffic accident ahead.He must have had some special training.It must have taken him months to prepare it.Cathy must have missed the train.You must be
26、exaggerating!previousnextindexbreakoverII.TranslationTranslate the following passage into English,using the words and phrases given below.back1.Though how the English language come into existence remains a mystery,linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most other European
27、 languages have descended from a common source:the Indo-European parent language.2.English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century.3.They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English.4.In its over 15 centuries of development,English has borrowed from other lan
28、guages massively,and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary.5.As settlers,landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation,a new variety was added to the English language:American English.6.Though some people worry that the language is running out of control,many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.nextpreviousbackindexover41写在最后写在最后成功的基础在于好的学习习惯成功的基础在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits谢谢大家荣幸这一路，与你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
