1、CloningCloning Unit 2Unit 2第一页，共43页。differvi.不同不同(b tn);相异相异第二页，共43页。第三页，共43页。ObjectiveTo learn some basic information about cloning.第四页，共43页。第五页，共43页。A clone is an animal or plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.Cloning is a
2、 way of making an exactcopy of another animal or plant.The clone has the same DNA as the parent.Whats cloning?Whats cloning?Sounds Reasonable?第六页，共43页。There are different types of cloning,and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism.T
3、he three types of cloning technologies are:(1)recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning（基因重组克隆技术）(2)reproductive cloning（生殖(shngzh)性克隆）(3)therapeutic cloning （治疗性克隆）第七页，共43页。克隆一词是英文单词克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译，作的音译，作为名词，为名词，clone通常被意译为无性繁殖通常被意译为无性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成员的遗传构成是系。同一克隆的所有成员的遗传构成是完全相同的，例外仅见于有突变发生时。完全相同的，例外
4、仅见于有突变发生时。自然界早已存在自然界早已存在(cnzi)天然植物、动天然植物、动物和微生物的克隆。物和微生物的克隆。第八页，共43页。人们人们(rn men)开始探索用人工的方法开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆。这样，克隆一词就来生产高等动物克隆。这样，克隆一词就开始被用作动词，指人工培育克隆动物这开始被用作动词，指人工培育克隆动物这一动作。一动作。目前，生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要目前，生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊有胚胎分割和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊“多莉多莉”，以及其后各国科学家培育的各种，以及其后各国科学家培育的各种克隆动物，采用的都是细胞核移植技术
5、。克隆动物，采用的都是细胞核移植技术。第九页，共43页。所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手术和细胞融合方法移植到去核卵母细胞术和细胞融合方法移植到去核卵母细胞中，重新组成胚胎并使之发育成熟的过中，重新组成胚胎并使之发育成熟的过程程(guchng)。由于细胞核移植是产生。由于细胞核移植是产生克隆动物的有效方法，故人们往往把它克隆动物的有效方法，故人们往往把它称为动物克隆技术。称为动物克隆技术。第十页，共43页。In pairs,look at these pictures and discuss
6、 which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made.Think about how they differ.QuizQuiz第十一页，共43页。Dolly the sheepA strawberry plantNatural cloneMan-made clone第十二页，共43页。一株草莓一株草莓(comi)依靠它沿地依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草一年内就能长出数百株草莓莓(comi)苗。苗。第十三页，共43页。Growing new plantsTwinsNatural cloneMan-ma
7、de clone第十四页，共43页。Natural clone is one that occurs in nature without human help.Man-made clone is one that is produced through human intervention(介入介入(jir).CloneCan you tell the difference between natural clone and man-made clone?第十五页，共43页。Cactus(仙人掌仙人掌)Pendulum orchid(吊兰吊兰(dio ln)natural clone exam
8、plesnatural clone examples第十六页，共43页。第十七页，共43页。man-made clone examples man-made clone examples Im celebrity in the history of cloning.Do you know my name?第十八页，共43页。Dolly,the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA,was put down by lethal injection on Feb.14,2003.Prior to her death,Dolly had been suff
9、ering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis(严重严重(ynzhng)的关节炎的关节炎).Celebrity Sheep DollyCelebrity Sheep Dolly第十九页，共43页。Dolly是世界上第一是世界上第一例用体细胞例用体细胞乳乳腺上皮细胞，通过腺上皮细胞，通过细胞核移植技术，细胞核移植技术，在复杂的人工操作在复杂的人工操作(cozu)下，得到的下，得到的一只小绵羊。一只小绵羊。第二十页，共43页。Scientists have been cloning animals for many years.The creation
10、 of Dolly isthe first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal.Since Dolly,researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep,goats,oxen,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits and so on.All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology(细胞核移植细胞核移植(yzh)技技术术).What animals h
11、ave been cloned?What animals have been cloned?第二十一页，共43页。The mule in the picture is the worlds first cloned mule.It was born on 4 May 2003.His name is Idaho Gem.第二十二页，共43页。The kitten in the picture is called Cc.Its name is from“Copycat”.It was born in December 2002.第二十三页，共43页。These female pigs are a
12、lso cloned.They are born on Christmas Day 2001.They are Noel,Angel,Star,Joy and Mary.第二十四页，共43页。The pair of calves were born on 5 July 1998 in Ishikawa,Japan.They were two years younger than Dolly,being second adult animal clones in the world.第二十五页，共43页。If possible,do you want another person to be e
13、xactly the same as you?Why or why not?DiscussionDiscussion第二十六页，共43页。Important events Important events in cloning historyin cloning history第二十七页，共43页。In 5000 B.C.(谷物谷物(gw)选种选种)Human beings began to choose the best seeds from some kinds of crops.That was the beginning of controlling life according to
14、 humans will.第二十八页，共43页。In 1952:Cloning tadpole(克隆克隆(k ln)蝌蚪蝌蚪)The American scientists created a copy of tadpole by means of using a tadpole cell.This tiny tadpole has become the first kind of cloning animal.第二十九页，共43页。In 1978:The first case of tube infant (试管婴儿试管婴儿)appeared.A British doctor used th
15、e sperm(精子精子)of a man and fertilized(使受精使受精)it in a test tube(试管试管)and then transplanted (移植移植(yzh)the embryo(胚胎胚胎)into the womb (子宫子宫)of a healthy mother.The first tube infant called Louis appeared.第三十页，共43页。In 1996:The famous sheep“Dolly”was cloned successfully.第三十一页，共43页。Dolly is together with he
16、r mother.第三十二页，共43页。In 1998:A series of things were cloned.The scientists in Hawaii University cloned over 50 mice.Some private institutions (协会(xihu)successfully cloned little oxen.第三十三页，共43页。Nowadays:Cloned dogs,mice,rabbits,goats,oxen,pigs appeared.China became the seventh country thathas the abi
17、lity to clone pigs.China has succeededin using embryonic(胚胚胎的胎的)cells to clone many animals.第三十四页，共43页。1 Clone can be from both natural clone and man-made clone.2 The sheep,named Kitty was the first successful clone of a mammal.3 Only strawberries and cactuses(仙人掌仙人掌)are natural clones.4 Since Dolly
18、,researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including cats,rabbits and horses.A parent can clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness(不治之症不治之症(b zh zh zhng).T or FT or F第三十五页，共43页。According to what weve learned,in pairs discuss what you understand about cloning.Then list the q
19、uestions you want to find out.Share your lists with one another.第三十六页，共43页。Questions about cloningQuestions about cloning1.How is a clone produced?2.What benefits can humans gain from cloning?3.What problems may arise when humans are cloned?第三十七页，共43页。1.How is a clone produced?The cloning of plants
20、is simple and relatively easy.It can be done by taking cuttings(man-made cloning)or letting the plant produce its own runners(natural cloning).The cloning of animals is more complicated.It was not achieved until 1996.第三十八页，共43页。2.What benefits can humans gain from cloning?1)Medical cloning can help
21、cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life(such as Parkinsons disease 帕金森氏症帕金森氏症 or Alzheimers disease 阿尔茨海默氏症阿尔茨海默氏症).2)It can help infertile people have babies.第三十九页，共43页。3.What problems may arise when humans are cloned?1)People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.2)Pe
22、ople may want to clone dead children.3)People may want to clone their favourite pets.第四十页，共43页。ABA:I think cloning is good for us.Because B:I think cloning is bad for us.Because Is cloning good or bad for us?DebateDebate第四十一页，共43页。These expressions may help.Do you think it is wise to?Whats your opin
23、ion of?I think you should I agree with you that I would never accept Im happy to accept a clone but I would never accept a clone I dont mind but 第四十二页，共43页。Homework Look up the new words and expressions of the Reading in the dictionary.2.Preview the Reading:CLONING:WHERE IS IT LEADING US?第四十三页，共43页。
