1、语法专题突破语法专题突破第二部分第二部分 专题八动词第一节动词【中考要求】1动词的基本形式2系动词3及物动词和不及物动词4助动词中考考点中考考点 精讲精讲1考点 1动词词义辨析1实义动词实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,可细分为:及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。(1)及物动词本身意义不完整,后需要接宾语才能使意思表达完整,有被动式。如:tell,take,ask,make,like,see,buy,show,find,invent,forget,offer等。eg.Tell me your name,please.请告诉我你的名字。
2、Mary asked Tom to do the chores with her.玛丽让汤姆和她一起做家务。I can see three pandas in the picture.我能在这幅画中看到三只熊猫。2(2)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,如:agree,listen,look,arrive,swim,sleep,sit,smile,come等;如后面接宾语,必须与介词连用。无被动式。eg.I agree with you.我同意你的观点。Please listen to me carefully.请认真听我说。He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天到
3、北京的。32近义动词词义单词用法三个“借”borrow非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth.from sb.lend非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth.to sb.或lend sb.sth.keep延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”三个“到达”getget to地点名词reach及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词arrivein大地点(名词)at小地点(名词)4词义单词用法三个“穿”dressdress sb.“给某人穿衣服”dress sb.up“打扮某人”put on“穿上;戴上”,表示动作wear“穿着;戴着”,表示状态四个“花费”spend人作主语
4、,表示“花费时间或金钱”,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.cost物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”take表示“花费一段时间做某事”,常用于固定句型:Ittakes一段时间to do sth.pay常与介词for连用,表示“支付”5词义单词用法四个“看”see“看见”,表示结果look“看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语watch“观看(比赛、电视等)”read“看(书、报等)”,表示阅读四个“说”speak作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,表示“说;讲述”say常跟直接引语或间接引语,表示说的内容talk是不及物动词,常跟介词to或with,意为“同谈话”
5、,也表示具有说话能力tell“告诉”,与story连用,意为“讲故事”6词义单词用法四个“拿”bring“带来;拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话人的地方take“拿去;带走”,表示拿到远离说话人的地方carry“扛;搬;用力移动”,没有方向fetch“去取;去拿”,表示往返拿东西四个“赢,输”lose“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.fail“失败”或“未做成某事”beat“打败”,后接人或某个团队win“赢得;荣誉;地位;比赛等”7词义单词用法四个“参加”join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”并成为其中一员,如参军、入党、入团等join in指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动take part
6、in指参加聚会或群众性活动attend一般指出席会议、典礼、婚礼等四个“变化”turn一般用于颜色的变化get天变黑、变长或变短become天气变暖或变冷等,表示渐变grow形状变大或变小83感官动词单 词相同点不同点所接形容词sound其后都接形容词作表语意为“听起来”,指“听觉”good,wonderful,interesting,boringlook意为“看起来”,表示相貌,外观。指“视觉”beautiful,ugly,young,oldtaste意为“尝起来”,表示味道。指“味觉”delicious,salty,sweet,soursmell意为“闻起来”,表示气味。指“嗅觉”swee
7、t,nice,freshfeel意为“感觉;摸起来”,指“触觉”soft,smooth,comfortable94助动词助动词功能例句be现在进行时态I am reading a book.我正在看书。过去进行时态I was cooking when my mom came back.当我妈妈回来时我在做饭。构成被动语态The clock is broken.那个钟表坏了。do构成疑问句、否定句 You do come from Japan?你来自日本吗?加强语气 You do careful!小心点儿!代替主要动词Tom speaks Chinese as fluently as Lucy
8、does.汤姆和露西汉语说得一样流利。构成否定祈使句Dont smoke here!不要在这里吸烟!have构成现在完成时态I have been in Hong Kong for two days.我已经在香港待了两天了。10 活学巧练1The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.AlentBofferedCtookDbrought2For our safety,we must _ the traffic rules on the way to school.Afollow Bchange Cmake DbreakB
9、A113To protect the environment,supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags for shoppers.Atake Bprovide Cbring Dcarry4Youd better _ more time talking with your parents so that they can understand you better.Aspend Btake Ccost Dpay5I _ an article about first aid.Its useful when I have an accident.Aread Bsaw
10、 Clooked DwatchedBAA126You are a good cook.The dishes you cooked _ delicious.Afeel Btaste Clook Dsound7I told a funny joke to Mark,but he _ quite serious.Afelt Bsounded Clooked Dsmelt8The dress is made of silk.It _ so soft.Atastes Bsounds Cfeels DsmellsBCC13考点 2动词的基本形式1动词五种基本形式变化表形式构成示例动词原形没有经过任何变形,
11、就是词典中一般给出的形式be,do,have,come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加sserveservesreadreads以s,o,x,z,sh,ch结尾的动词,后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y变为i,再加esflyfliesstudystudies14形式构成示例过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed以不发音的e结尾的动词后只加dencourageencouragedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y变为i,再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾
12、只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母,再加edstopstoppedplanplanned15形式构成示例现在分词或动名词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加ingsmilesmilingwritewriting以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母,再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ingdiedyinglielying162常见的动词变名词dancedancerloveloverwinwinnerplayplayerl
13、istenlistenerhelphelpersleepsleeperworkworkerdesigndesignerreportreporterleadleaderownowner17speakspeakersingsingerinterviewinterviewerfightfighterdrivedriverwritewritermanagemanagervisitvisitoractactorinventinventordirectdirectorrunrunner18repairedwastesharesused waiting196He _ up and down happily
14、when he heard the good news.7He is _ a big box on his back.As his good friends,we should help him.8Its best not to run away from our problems.We should always try to _ them.9To protect elephants,we must save the trees and not buy things _ of ivory.10When you get home,give a call to let me know youve _ safely.jumpedcarryingsolvemadearrived 20