1、选修选修7 Unit 19Language 1absence n.不存在；缺乏不存在；缺乏absent adj.缺席的缺席的present adj.(反义词反义词)在场的，在场的，出席的出席的2theory n.理论；学说理论；学说theoretical adj.理论的；假设的理论的；假设的3acquisition n.(语言语言)习得习得acquire vt.掌握掌握，获得获得，赢得赢得4accelerate vt.加速加速acceleration n.加速加速，加快加快5adjust vt.调节；调整调节；调整adjustment n.调整；校正调整；校正6inform vt.告知；通知告
2、知；通知information n.情报情报，资料资料，信信息息7theft n.偷窃偷窃thief n.小偷小偷8relative n.亲戚；亲属亲戚；亲属relation n.关系关系，联系；家人联系；家人relate vt.把把联系起来；有关联联系起来；有关联9congratulate vt.祝贺祝贺congratulation n.祝贺祝贺10resemble vt.像；与像；与相似相似resemblance n.相似相似，类类似似11negotiate vt.谈判；协商谈判；协商negotiation n.谈判；协商谈判；协商12approval n.赞成；赞许赞成；赞许approv
3、e v.赞成赞成disapproval n.(反义词反义词)不赞同不赞同，反对反对13applicant n.申请人申请人apply vt.申请申请application n.申请申请14register vt.登记登记registration n.登记；注册登记；注册重点短语重点短语1be aware of意识到意识到2win independence from 摆脱摆脱获得独立获得独立3be similar to 与与相似相似4come across 偶然遇到偶然遇到5be involved in 卷入；参与卷入；参与6be associated with 有联系的；有关系的有联系的；有关
4、系的7in advance 提前提前8save up 储蓄储蓄9show sympathy for sb.对某人表示同情对某人表示同情10be related to 与与相关相关11stand out 杰出；显眼杰出；显眼12catch on 学会学会13on purpose 故意地故意地14stop off 中途停留中途停留15congratulate sb.on/upon.因为因为而祝贺某人而祝贺某人重点句型重点句型1It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global languag
5、e and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有朝一日会成为全球性的语言早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有朝一日会成为全球性的语言，而这一点在过去的几十年里已得到了应验而这一点在过去的几十年里已得到了应验。2This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.语言环境可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在语言环境可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必但这些材料必须具
6、有最高的质量须具有最高的质量。3Quality input ensures quality output,whether it is speaking or writing.无论是口语还是写作无论是口语还是写作，高质量的输入才能保证高质量的输出高质量的输入才能保证高质量的输出。4.you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.你说如果我提前付款你说如果我提前付款，可以打折可以打折。5It was in Shakespeares lifetime that English began to spread aroun
7、d the world.正是在莎士比亚时期正是在莎士比亚时期，英语才开始传播到世界各地英语才开始传播到世界各地。高考范文高考范文(2008江西江西)学校计划举行英语作文竞赛，主题为学校计划举行英语作文竞赛，主题为We Need Advice from Older Generations。请根据下列要求写一篇作文：。请根据下列要求写一篇作文：你遇到了困难或问题，不知该怎么办。你去请教一位长辈，你遇到了困难或问题，不知该怎么办。你去请教一位长辈，后来问题得到了解决。要求写清楚下面三点：后来问题得到了解决。要求写清楚下面三点：1当时面临的困难或问题是什么？当时面临的困难或问题是什么？2你获得的指教是
8、什么？你获得的指教是什么？3结果如何？结果如何？注意：注意：1.作文总词数为作文总词数为100左右；左右；2不能在作文中出现所在学校的校名和本人姓名，不能在作文中出现所在学校的校名和本人姓名，否则本节判为零分。否则本节判为零分。_范文范文We Need Advice from Older GenerationsNo one can deal with every problem they meet on their own.We need advice from others at times,especially from our older generations.The other da
9、y,I went to my uncle.I had had a hard time deciding which subject to major in in the university.Id like to choose English because of my strong desire of learning languages,while my parents wanted me to major in science.Having learned my trouble,my uncle advised me to talk with my parents frankly,pre
10、senting my real thoughts.I did so.My parents understood me and agreed to respect my final choice.Remember:Go to your older generations for advice,and they will not disappoint you.考 点 探 究.重点词汇过关重点词汇过关1thrill n.兴奋；激动；激动的事兴奋；激动；激动的事v.(使使)激动；激动；(使使)胆战心惊胆战心惊a thrill of joy/fear/horror 一阵欢乐一阵欢乐/害怕害怕/恐怖恐怖t
11、hrill with excitement 激动得不能自已激动得不能自已thrill with horror 吓得毛骨悚然吓得毛骨悚然be thrilled at/by.因因感到兴奋感到兴奋/激动激动be thrilled to bits 非常愉快非常愉快With_a_thrill I realized I won.我意识到自己获得了胜利我意识到自己获得了胜利，心里一阵激动心里一阵激动。The film thrilled all the audience.这部电影使所有的观众都很兴奋这部电影使所有的观众都很兴奋。We were_thrilled_at/to_hear your wonderfu
12、l news.我们听到你的好消息非常兴奋我们听到你的好消息非常兴奋。This is a film to make you thrill_with_excitement.这是一部使人兴奋至极的电影这是一部使人兴奋至极的电影。The children were_thrilled_to_bits by their presents.孩子们得到礼物高兴极了孩子们得到礼物高兴极了。即学即练即学即练When he heard that I have been admitted by Qinghua University he jumped with_.AthrillBfrightCsurprise Dte
13、rror解析：解析：thrill“兴奋兴奋”；fright“恐惧恐惧”；surprise“惊讶惊讶”；terror“恐怖恐怖”。jump with thrill“高兴得跳起来高兴得跳起来”。答案：答案：A2absence n.不存在，缺乏；缺席不存在，缺乏；缺席absent adj.不在的，缺席的不在的，缺席的absence of mind 心不在焉心不在焉in the absence of sb.(in ones absence)某人不在时某人不在时in the absence of.因为没有因为没有；缺乏；缺乏absence of information 缺乏信息缺乏信息absence f
14、rom school 缺课缺课be absent from.不参加；缺席不参加；缺席After an_absence_of many years,I returned home.外出多年后外出多年后，我又回到了家乡我又回到了家乡。The_absence_of color in that drawing makes it dull.那幅画因没有着色而显得暗淡那幅画因没有着色而显得暗淡。She had an_absent_look on her face.她看起来心不在焉的样子她看起来心不在焉的样子。Tom was_absent_from school because he was ill.汤姆因
15、病没有上学汤姆因病没有上学。即学即练即学即练She never speaks ill of anyone _ his or her _.Aof;drop Bin;lackCof;failure Din;absence解析：句意为解析：句意为“她从不乘人不在时说别人的坏话她从不乘人不在时说别人的坏话”。in ones absence 当某人不在场时。当某人不在场时。drop 滴；滴；failure 失败；失败；lack 缺少。缺少。答案：答案：D3attain vt.达到；获得达到；获得vi.达到某个年龄达到某个年龄(与与 to 连用连用)We attained the top of the m
16、ountain after three hours climbing.我们经过了三个小时的爬山我们经过了三个小时的爬山，终于到达山终于到达山顶顶。They are not likely to attain_this_aim.他们未必能达到这一目标他们未必能达到这一目标。We have attained_to the age of 18.我们已经到我们已经到18岁的年龄了岁的年龄了。辨析：辨析：attain/acquire/obtain/gain/achieve(1)attain 常指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料的结果；也可指常指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料的结果；也可指达到某一目标。达到某一目标。
17、(2)acquire 多用于通过不断地多用于通过不断地“学、问学、问”等慢慢地获取等慢慢地获取“学学问，技术问，技术”等较抽象的东西。等较抽象的东西。(3)obtain 表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西，一般用于正式文体中。望已久的东西，一般用于正式文体中。(4)gain 的含义较的含义较 obtain 进一层，表示付出更大的努力，常进一层，表示付出更大的努力，常译为译为“赢得赢得”。(5)achieve 多指成就、目标的取得。多指成就、目标的取得。即学即练用上述几个词填空即学即练用上述几个词填空He _ all what h
18、e had wanted.She _ a knowledge of the English by careful study.Leo Ioacoco _ the position of President of the Ford Motors.No _ without pains.I finally managed to _ a copy of the report.achievedacquiredattainedgainsobtain4surround vt.环绕，围绕环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的周围的surroundings n.(pl.)环境环境be surround
19、ed with/by.被被环绕环绕/包围包围in a surrounding area 在周围地区在周围地区be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中位于优美的环境中The Los Angeles basin is_surrounded_on three sides by high mountains.洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山。The peasants are allowed to cultivate the surrounding land.允许农民耕种周围的土地允许农民耕种周围的土地。Animals
20、 in a zoo are not living in_their_natural_surroundings.动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中。即学即练即学即练When he came to himself,he found himself_by a crowd of people.Asurrounding BsurroundedChaving surrounded Dbe surrounded解析：句意为解析：句意为“当他醒来时，他发现自己被一大堆人围着当他醒来时，他发现自己被一大堆人围着”。surrounded 是过去分词做宾补。是过去分词做宾补
21、。答案：答案：B5ensure vt.确保，保证确保，保证ensure success/safety 保证成功保证成功/安全安全ensure sb.sth.确保确保/保证某人保证某人(得到得到)某物某物ensure sb.from/against sth.保护某人免受某物的伤害保护某人免受某物的伤害ensure that.make sure that.确保确保/保证保证A letter of introduction will ensure_you_an_interview.凭一封介绍信准保会接待你凭一封介绍信准保会接待你。I cant ensure_that he will be there
22、 on time.我不能担保他会及时到那儿我不能担保他会及时到那儿。These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故。即学即练即学即练To_the childs quick recovery,the doctor gave him a new kind of antibiotic(抗生素抗生素)Amake BensureCengage Dcause解析：解析：句意为句意为“为确保这个孩子尽快康复，医生给他用了一为确保这个孩子尽快康复，医生给他用了一种新的
23、抗生素种新的抗生素”。答案：答案：B6guarantee vt.保证；确保保证；确保n.保证；保证书保证；保证书guarantee sb.against/from.保证某人免受损害保证某人免受损害、危险等危险等guarantee to do sth.保证去做某事保证去做某事guarantee sth.to sb.向某人担保向某人担保/保证某事保证某事be guaranteed to do sth.必定做某事必定做某事give sb.a guarantee that.向某人担保向某人担保(be)under guarantee 在保修期内在保修期内We cant guarantee the pun
24、ctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.我们不能保证火车在雾天能准时到达我们不能保证火车在雾天能准时到达。We guarantee_to_deliver within a week.我们保证一周内送到我们保证一周内送到。I guaranteed_that_Ill pay off the debt.我保证我会还清债务我保证我会还清债务。The watch comes with_a_years_guarantee.这表保修一年这表保修一年。Wealth is no_guarantee_of happiness.财富并不是幸福的保证财富并不是幸福的保证。即学
25、即练即学即练It is all agreed that a good education doesnt _ a good job.Aguarantee BresultCdepend Dswear解析：句意为：大家一致认为一个良好的教育并不能确保得解析：句意为：大家一致认为一个良好的教育并不能确保得到一份好工作。到一份好工作。答案：答案：A7adjust vt.调节；调整；适应调节；调整；适应adjustable adj.可调节的可调节的adjustment n.调节；调整调节；调整adjust sth.整理整理/整顿整顿/安排某物安排某物/某事某事adjust sth./oneself to
26、sth.使适应新环境等使适应新环境等She adjusted the seat_to the height of her child.她调节坐椅以适合她孩子的身高她调节坐椅以适合她孩子的身高。It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust_to the dark.几几秒钟以后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗秒钟以后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。You will quickly adjust_yourself to the student life.你很快就会适应学生生活的你很快就会适应学生生活的。即学即练即学即练Its never easy to adjust_big
27、 changes.Those who can do it faster are more likely to succeed.Afor BwithCto Din解析：解析：adjust 表示表示“适应于适应于”后接介词后接介词to,构成构成 adjust to sth.。答案：答案：C8inform vt.告知；通知告知；通知information n信息；消息信息；消息inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事通知某人某事keep sb.informed of sth.让某人知道某事让某人知道某事a piece of information 一则消息一则消息ask for informa
28、tion on sth.打听关于打听关于的消息的消息The book contains much_useful_information.这本书包括许多有用的信息这本书包括许多有用的信息。He informed them of his arrival.他通知他们他的到来他通知他们他的到来。即学即练即学即练The stranger asked for _ on the school,which I know little about.Aword BmessageCinformation Dnotice解析：考查名词辨析。解析：考查名词辨析。word可指可指“消息消息”，后常跟，后常跟 that从从
29、句；句；message 应加应加s；notice 指指“通知通知”。答案：答案：C9congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺祝贺；庆贺congratulation n.祝贺，恭喜祝贺，恭喜congratulate sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事祝贺某人某事congratulate oneself on sth.感到自豪；暗自庆幸感到自豪；暗自庆幸congratulations to sb.on sth.向某人祝贺向某人祝贺Congratulations!(口语口语)祝贺你！祝贺你！offer sb.congratulations on.向某人祝贺某事向某人祝贺某事I want to con
30、gratulate you with all my heart on your passing the college entrance examination.我衷心地祝贺你通过高考我衷心地祝贺你通过高考。Well,congratulate_yourself that you resisted the temptation.嗨！庆贺嗨！庆贺你抵住了诱惑你抵住了诱惑。Gongratulations_to you on winning the prize!祝贺你获奖！祝贺你获奖！辨析：辨析：congratulate,celebratecongratulate“祝贺，庆贺祝贺，庆贺”，其宾语不是所
31、祝贺的事，而是所祝贺的，其宾语不是所祝贺的事，而是所祝贺的人。常用于某人取得成功、赢得奖品或名次等。人。常用于某人取得成功、赢得奖品或名次等。celebrate“庆祝庆祝”，指，指用荣誉、节日或欢乐的庆典庆祝用荣誉、节日或欢乐的庆典庆祝(一天或一个事件一天或一个事件)即学即练即学即练When I passed the entrance examination,my family _ me _ my success.Acelebrated;on Bcongratulated;onCcelebrated;to Dcongratulated;to解析：考查解析：考查 congratulate sb.
32、on sth.祝贺某人某事。祝贺某人某事。celebrate 的宾语是一个日期或事件。的宾语是一个日期或事件。答案：答案：B10.resemble vt.像；与像；与相似相似resemble sb./sth.in sth.在某方面与某人在某方面与某人/某物相似某物相似be similar to sb.in sth.与某人在某方面相似与某人在某方面相似be the same as sb.in sth.与某人在某方面一样与某人在某方面一样have sth.in commom with sb./sth.与与有共同之处有共同之处be/look like 看起来像看起来像提示：提示：resemble不可
33、用于被动语态和进行时态。不可用于被动语态和进行时态。She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.她和她的姐姐外貌相似她和她的姐姐外貌相似，性格却不同性格却不同。They resemble each other in shape but not in colour.它们的形状相似它们的形状相似，但颜色不同但颜色不同。即学即练即学即练Bob_his mother in appearance and his father in character.Alooks BresemblesCequals Dcompares解析：解析
34、：resemble sb.in.在在方面与某人相似。方面与某人相似。答案：答案：B.短语句型突破短语句型突破1catch on 学会，开始明白；流行，风行学会，开始明白；流行，风行He is very quick to catch_on_to things.他领悟能力很强他领悟能力很强。It was a long time before the police caught_on_to what he was really doing.过了许久警方才意识到他到底在干什么过了许久警方才意识到他到底在干什么。The new song caught_on quickly.这首新歌很快就流行起来了这首新
35、歌很快就流行起来了。拓展：拓展：与与 catch 相关的短语相关的短语catch away 抢去；攫去抢去；攫去catch hold of 抓住，捉住抓住，捉住catch up赶上；与赶上；与并驾齐驱并驾齐驱(with)catch up on 事后得到关于事后得到关于的消息；对的消息；对有影有影响；赶完响；赶完catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事撞见某人正在做某事(通常指通常指坏事坏事)be caught in 遇遇(雨雨)，落入，落入(陷阱陷阱)即学即练即学即练My sister is very good at English,for she is very quick
36、to _ to new words and expressions.Areach out Bstand forChold up Dcatch on解析：解析：catch on to 学会，开始明白。学会，开始明白。答案：答案：D2on purpose 故意地故意地on purposedeliberately 故意地故意地with the purpose of 怀抱怀抱的目的的目的for the purpose of 为了为了的目的的目的by accidentby chanceaccidently 偶然地偶然地I came here on_purpose to see you.我特意来这儿看你我
37、特意来这儿看你。For_what_purpose did he go to Africa?他去非洲的目的何在？他去非洲的目的何在？即学即练即学即练Why so angry?Did not he break the window by chance?No.He did it _.Aby accident Bwith purposeCfor purpose Don purpose解析：由回答解析：由回答 No 可知可知“不是偶然地，而是故意地不是偶然地，而是故意地”，故选，故选 on purpose。答案：答案：D3It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s th
38、at English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有朝一日会成为全球性的语言，早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有朝一日会成为全球性的语言，而这一点在过去的几十年里已得到了应验。而这一点在过去的几十年里已得到了应验。It was predicted that.据预测据预测，如：如：It is predicted that space journeys will be very common within the n
39、ext 50 years.据预测据预测，在今后的在今后的50年里年里，太空之旅将非常普遍太空之旅将非常普遍。此句型可以用如下句型表达：此句型可以用如下句型表达：(1)People predict that space journeys will be very common with the next 50 years.(2)As is predicted,space journeys will be very common with the next 50 years.(3)What is predicted is that space journeys will be very commo
40、n with the next 50 years.(4)Space journeys are predicted to be very common with the next 50 years.拓展：拓展：(1)It is/was said that.据说据说(2)It is/was reported that.据报道据报道(3)It is/was believed that.人们相信人们相信(4)It is/was proved that.证实证实(5)It is/was judged that.人们相信人们相信(6)It is/was known that.人们知道人们知道(7)It i
41、s/was estimated that.据估计据估计(8)It is/was proposed that.有人建议有人建议即学即练即学即练_could be judged from her eyes that she was terribly sorry for what she _.AAs;had done BThat;didCAs;did DIt;had done解析：解析：考查句型考查句型 It is judged that.答案：答案：D4This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be o
42、f_the_highest_quality.语言环境可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最语言环境可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。高的质量。of high quality在句中做定语，在句中做定语，属于属于ofn.结构结构。这一结构相当于形容这一结构相当于形容词词，在句中可以做表语在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语定语或宾语补足语。(1)ofn.结构中的名词是抽象名词时结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：常用的名词有：u
43、se/importance/help/value/interest/benefit 等等。这些名词前可用这些名词前可用 great,no,little,some,any,not much 等修饰等修饰，以表示不同程度以表示不同程度。如：如：The camel is of great help to the Arab.(The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。(2)ofn.结构中的名词表种类结构中的名词表种类、数量数量、度量等时度量等时，表示不同的人或物的表示不同的人或物的共同特征共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠
44、词此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：常用的名词有：size/type/kind/price/height/depth/length/weight/age/shape/colour 等等。如：如：The two are of an age,but are of different height.这两个人年龄相同这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同但身高不同。(3)ofn.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统血统、种族种族、国籍以及出处的名词国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：常用的名词有：family/blood/race/orig
45、in 等等。如：如：We are of the same blood.我们是同一血统我们是同一血统。(4)ofn.结构还可以表示人的特点结构还可以表示人的特点、特性特性，常用常用 ofwealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等等。如：如：Your sister is a girl of wisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。即学即练即学即练You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around London.Aprice BcostCvalue Du
46、sefulness解析：解析：be of great valuebe very valuable“很有价值很有价值”。答案：答案：C5You say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.你说如果我提前付款可以打折。你说如果我提前付款可以打折。(1)provided(that)引导一个条件状语从句，引导一个条件状语从句，意思为意思为“如果如果，只要只要”。(2)provided/providing that 也表示也表示“只要只要，倘若倘若”。(3)类似表达：类似表达：as/so long as;only if;on c
47、ondition that.；suppose/supposing(that)(常用于问句常用于问句)；given that。Provided_(that)there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.如果没人反对如果没人反对，我们就在这里开会我们就在这里开会。I will go,provided/providing_(that)you go too.只要你去只要你去，我就去我就去。Supposing you lost your job tomorrow,what would you do?假设你明天丢掉了工作假设你明天丢掉了工作，你
48、会怎么办？你会怎么办？Given_that there was so little time,I think they have done a good job.由于时间很少由于时间很少，我认为他们做得很好我认为他们做得很好。即学即练即学即练_you pay me back by Friday,Ill lend you the money.AUnless BBecauseCProvided DWhether解析：解析：provided 引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。答案：答案：C高 效 作 业.单项填空单项填空1I got an A in the test._.ACheersBCongr
49、atulationsCMy Pleasure DCelebrations答案：答案：B解析：解析：congratulations!恭喜你！恭喜你！2By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have _ opportunity to change his mind.Aaccurate BurgentCadequate Dspecial答案：答案：C解析：考查形容词区别。解析：考查形容词区别。accurate 准确的；准确的；urgent 紧急的；紧急的；adequate 适当的，充分的；适当的，充分的；special 特别的。句意为：特别
50、的。句意为：按法律规定，当你购买大宗商品时，有充分的机会改变自按法律规定，当你购买大宗商品时，有充分的机会改变自己的主意。己的主意。3_ sports do great harm to people who have heart problems.AThrilled BThrillingCEntertaining DEntertained答案：答案：B解析：考查形容词用法区别。解析：考查形容词用法区别。thrilling 令人兴奋的，令人兴奋的，entertaining 令人高兴的。显然，有心脏病的人群不适宜令人高兴的。显然，有心脏病的人群不适宜做过于狂喜的运动。做过于狂喜的运动。4Anima
