1、试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学2021年春季学期期末统一考试英语阅读(3)试题答案及评分标准（供参考）2021年7月Part I(30 points,3 points each)1.B 6.C 2.A 7.B Part II 30 points,3 points each)11.a population official 12.the joke 3.C 8.B 4.B 9.A 5.A 10.C 13.pushing contraception on women,abortion,forced sterilization 14.such strategies 15.Creating a New
2、 Consensus on Population 16.Singh 17.the Cairo conerence 18.the major family planning agencies 19.the UN system of diplomacy 20.the book Part III(20 points,2 points each)21.T 26.F 22.T 27.T Part N(20 points,4 points each)23.T 28.F 24.T 29.T 25.F 30.F 31.Because most of them earn good money./Because
3、they are richer.32.Over eight million.33.By train or by car.34.Between about 4:30 and 6:30 in the evening.35.Nearly two thousand years.(2157号）英语阅读(3)答案第1页（共1页）试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学2021年春季学期期末统一考试英语阅读(3)试题2021年7月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。二、仔细读懂题
4、目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or Con your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 1 Ag
5、ing Crisis in China 1 Aging,says Alex Kalche,Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,is the number one problem in the world.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences.It is the number one problem because the numbers of people over 6
6、0-and particularly those over 80are growing fast.The rapid aging trend in Chinas population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society.How can China face this challenge?As the social structure changes in terms of demographics,so will tradition.2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60
7、in the world,accounting for 8 percent of the total population.It is predicted that in China,by 2000,the number of retired people will be several times that of the mid-90s.In 2020 they will have increased by several times again.The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers
8、 increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population,there will be fewer people to care for them.The dependency ratio,as it is called,is also affected by the fact that women,who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly,are becoming more career-oriented and are not at ho
9、me to care for their parents.3 One solution is senior homes.Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents.But if people are working long hours,older parents feel lonely at home.At senior citizen centres,they can get good care from the nurses,who are also
10、willing to listen to their stories.When I first came here,I complained about my daughters decision.But gradually,I began to like this place,Wei Wenkuei,86,said.The nurses are more attentive than a house maid,and the food is good.Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in Nanshi District.
11、There are only three senior centres in the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District,which is not enough for more than 20,000 people over the age of 60.However,the neighbourhood has about 15,000 laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs,and the area expects to open several new centres in the ne
12、ar future.The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizens homes,but the government itself is building centres.(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第1页（共8页）4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich,
13、wise society.Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as care in the community.A unique example of this is the SOS Bells for the Elderly system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996,and has proved successful.Families were enco
14、uraged to volunteer to form mutual help pairs with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them.Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the pair household.When the bell rings,the helper goes at once.In May 1997,the Beijing Commit
15、tee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijings 10 districts.5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken,these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way.No
16、w that over-population and the aging crisis are seen as problems by modern society world-wide,it is important that the elderly are not ignored,alienated or mistreated,but rather treasured for their great store of experience.These are problems that need thoughtful solutions.Questions 110 are based on
17、 Passage 1.1.addressed(paragraph 1)A.discussed C.named 2.consequences(paragraph 2)A.results C.problems 3.accounting for(paragraph 2)A.giving explanations C.taking up 4.care for(paragraph 2)A.like C.pay attention to 5.affected(paragraph 2)A.influenced C.increased 6.willing(paragraph 3)A.eager C.prepa
18、red B.solved B.reasons B.coming from B.take care of B.decreased B.unhappy(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第2页（共8页）7.attentive(paragraph3)A.careless C.hard-working 8.run(paragraph 3)A.join C.move fast 9.isolatefrom(paragraph 4)A.separatefrom C.takefrom 10.mistreated(paragraph 5)A.treat well C.treat badly Part II B.ca
19、ring B.manage B.preventfrom B.treat carefully Read Passage 2 and find which the underlined word(s)in each of the following sentences refer to.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 2 A New Consensus on Population 1 An old joke:A population official is addressing an audience of bigwigs.Some where in this c
20、ountry,he tells them,a woman is giving birth to a baby every,13 seconds.Do you realise what that means?I do!shouts another man,leaping to his feet.It means we must find that woman and stop her!Well,maybe the joke isnt all that-funny,but the sentiment expressed in i_!pretty well sums up much of the t
21、op-level thinking about population in the world before the International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD)that was held in Cairo in 1994.Basically,the overpopulation problem was perceived as the fault of women(and especially women of colour)who were conceiving and delivering so many bab
22、iesespecially in the patriarchal,tradition-based societies of the developing world,where women often had no career open to them except motherhood.2 The perceived solution?Pushing contraception on women,in some cases abortion,even forced sterilizationwhatever it took to reduce womens fertility rates.
23、In some parts of the world,such strategies were yielding dramatic results,at least in terms of meeting numerical targets for reduction of growth rates.But也空werealso causing revulsion because of their trampling on human rights and human dignity-and also because of their underlying sexism.3 By the tim
24、e the international community gathered in Cairo in 1994 to discuss the issue of population and development一similarconferences had been held in 197 4 and 1984-it was clear that an entirely different approach was needed.(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第3页（共8页）4 Creating a New Consensus on Population by Jyoti Shankar
25、Singh(Earthcan Publications,UK,1998)is the story of how that 180-degree turn was negotiated.As a primary-source history of this momentous achievement,this book is unique.For Singh was no mere observer of the process but,as Executive Co-ordinator of the conference,one of its most strategically placed
26、 facilitators.Andlays out the process of reaching the new consensus,step by step,in meticulous detail.5 What was the new consensus?For one thing,it was agreed that population efforts had to be broadened to cover more than contraception-that raising the contraceptive prevalence rate number could not
27、be the only measure of success.Indeed,all such numerical targets and quotas were to be de-emphasized,under the consensus,coercion was to be eliminated,and greater emphasis was to be placed on individual and societal rights and responsibilities and gender equality and empowerment.Whats more,it was ag
28、reed that family planning(contraception)services should be incorporated into a broader definition of reproductive health activities(including the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases).6 As reported by the news media at the time,the Cairo conference seemed full of harsh words ste
29、mming largely from the Vaticans opposition to any mention of abortion or of sexual or reproductive rights.But from this historyemerges as a triumph of international policy making.7 Of course,it is still too early to judge the effectiveness or longevity of the Cairo consensus.The UN General Assembly
30、is gearing up for a formal five-year review in 1999,but the early evidence is not especially encouraging.Non-participants in the debate seem unable to grasp the significance of reproductive health-or to understand why it deserves any more attention than,say,cardio-pulmonary health or mental health.A
31、nd the major family planning agencies,struggling to find a new way of working underdirections,report widespread confusion in their ranks and disillusionment among their supporters.And the international financial support for population programs that was anticipated at the Cairo conference has yet to
32、materialise.8 Still,ICPD was unique among UN conerences and surely Jyoti Shankar Singh is unique among international bureaucrats:He not only commands an extraordinary grasp of the intricacies of the UN system of diplomacy and how杠works,but also maintains his sense of humour in the face of its absurd
33、ities.9 Singh,who retired a few years ago from one of the top jobs at the UN Population Fund(UNFPA),served as Executive Co-ordinator of ICPD,a task which occupied most of his waking hours for several years.His boss at UNFPA,Dr.Naris Sadik,was also Secretary General of the conference.(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题
34、第4页（共8页）10 In one sense,this is the ultimate insiders book and its author is the only person in the world who could have written甘.And it is a book that deserves to be read by anyone who is:(a)concerned about population or gender issues or human rights,(b)interested in learning how international dipl
35、omacy really works,(c)curious about what really happened in Cairo that the headlines failed to explain,or(d)all of the above.11 For as much newspaper ink as ICPD generated,thanks to its bitter debates over abortionwhich was really never more than a side issue-the real story of the conference and its
36、 accomplishments has never been told until now.Questions 1120 are based on Passage 2.11.Somewhere in this country,性tellsthem,a woman is giving birth to a baby every 13 seconds.12.Well,maybe the joke isnt all that funny,but the sentiment expressed in杠prettywell sums up much of the top-level thinking
37、about population in the world 13.In some parts of the world,such strategies were yielding dramatic results,at least in terms of meeting numerical targets for reduction of growth rates.14.But妇werealso causing revulsion because of their trampling on human rights and human dignityand also because of th
38、eir underlying sexism.15.As a primary-source history of this momentous achievement,this book is unique.16.And he lays out the process of reaching the new consensus,step by step,in meticulous detail.17.But from this historyemerges as a triumph of international policy making.18.And the major planning
39、agencies,struggling to find a new way of working under但directions,report widespread confusion in their ranks and disillusionment among their supporters.19.He not only commands an extraordinary grasp of the intricacies of the UN system of diplomacy and howworks,but also maintains his sense of humour
40、in the face of its absurdities.20.In one sense,this is the ultimate insiders book and its author is the only person in the world who could have written 1t.Part III Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet.(20 p
41、oints,2 points each)Passage 3 Breakfast 1 If you have to miss one meal a day(or if you want to do so),which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you dont eat it?If they have to make a decision of this type,most people(especially dieters or very busy people)will choose to skip breakfast.(215
42、7号）英语阅读(3)试题第5页（共8页）2 However,many experts in the field of health consider breakfast(the meal which breaks your fast which started the night before)to be the most important meal of the day.If we eat a good breakfast,they say,we will have the energy and nutrients we need to begin our working day with
43、 vigor and hopefully with good humor.Nevertheless,many people skip breakfast or substitute a donut and a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal.What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?3 One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people.Participants include
44、d both males and females who ranged in age from 12 to 83.During the experiment,these people were given a variety of breakfast,and sometimes,they had to skip breakfast completely.Special tests,including blood tests and endurance tests,were set up to analyze how well the participantsbodies functioned
45、when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.4 The results showed that if a person eats an adequate breakfast,he or she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfast or eats a very poor breakfast.This fact appears to be especially true if a persons work involv
46、es mental activity.The study showed that if schoolchildren eat fruit,eggs,bread,and milk before going to school,they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate.5 The study also showed that,contrary t
47、o what many people believe,if you skip breakfast,you will not lose weight.This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat so much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing.So remember,if you are on a diet,skipping breakfast will not help you.You will probably
48、 lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.Questions 2130 are based on Passage 3.21.The word dieters means those who restrict themselves to a special diet in order to control their weight.22.In the word breakfast,fast probably means going without food.23.Many experts in the field of health thi
49、nk that breakfast is most important in a working day.24.Some people will substitute a donut and a cup of coffee for a regular breakfast.25.Those participating in the experiment were all adults.26.During the experiment,these people were given very good breakfast.27.Special tests were set up to analyz
50、e how the participantsbodies functioned when they had eaten particular breakfast.28.The results showed that if a person eats a big breakfast,he or she will work more efficiently.29.The study showed that if schoolchildren have adequate breakfasts before going to school,they will learn more efficientl
