1、高考英语真题熟词生义absent熟义adj.缺席的生义adj.茫然的，心不在焉的1.Failure to provide enough chaperones (监护人） will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.（2022.全国新高考II卷）如果未能提供足够的监护人，将会因每位缺席的成人额外收费50美元。2.Many students are absent from class.（2014.四川卷）很多学生上课缺席。3.Nothing, Rosie said in an absent way.“没什么，”罗茜心不在焉地说。4.
2、She looked up with an absent smile.她抬头，露出一个恍惚的微笑。abuse熟义v.滥用；谩骂生义v.虐待 n.滥用；妄用1The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse,violence and unemployment.(2013.福建卷）论坛的主题是年轻人如何在政治和公共生活中推动变革。它涉及了如毒品滥用、暴力和失业等问题。2You are
3、clearing too much land,warned one old man.The land is a living thing.It will hit back at you if you abuse it.(2013.江西卷）你们破坏了太多的土地，一个老人警告说。土地是有生命的。如果你虐待它，它会反击你。add熟义v.添加生义v.补充说1.Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.（202
4、0.全国II卷）书面交流经常可能读起来冷淡和乏味。使用表情符号可以增加幽默和情感，使意图更加明确。2.Start with herbs,she recommends,because “theyre very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,”she added.“I think its a great place to start.”（2015.湖北卷）她建议从草本植物开始，因为“它们非常宽容”。即使只是少量的草药，“也可以让你的常规烹饪达到一个
5、全新的水平，”她补充说。“我认为这是一个很好的起点。”address 熟义 n.地址，住址，（互联网等的）地址；演说；演讲生义 v.称呼；发表演说；提出；写地址；处理；向.说话1.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony.（2022.全国乙卷）中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。 2.The government is taking steps to address the issue of climate change.政府正在采取措施解决气候变化问题。3.The Coa
6、lition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.无家可归者联盟是一个组织，旨在解决美国无家可归人口的需求。4.The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. (2014.浙江卷）瑞士人通常比较正式，习惯以姓氏来称呼彼此。5.tonights televised presidential address今晚总统的电视演讲
7、6.In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue (2011.上海卷）在一封致函司法部长肯克拉克的信中，40名考古学家表达了他们对该问题的“深深和广泛的担忧”。admit熟义vt.承认生义vt.准许进入；接纳；容纳；容许1.They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it come
8、s to understanding how a piece of music is made.（2007.全国II卷）然而，他们坦诚地承认，当涉及到理解一段音乐是如何创作出来的，他们几乎一无所知。2.When StAugustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context（2021.北京卷）当圣奥古斯丁承认他无法定义时间时，他突出了时间最显著的一种
9、特性：时间只在明确定义的上下文中才有意义。3.It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.（2012.湖北卷）它非常受欢迎，以至于在1892年圣安德鲁斯大学允许女性成为全日制学生后，它依然长期存在。against熟义 prep.反对；逆着；倚靠着生义 prep.衬托；以.为背景；以防；和.相比1.For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis acc
10、ompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.（2020.北京卷）例如，研究人员发现，在伴随强烈情绪的危机情况下，如自然灾害，积极思考可以提供一种抵御抑郁和焦虑的缓冲。2.As in many university classes,term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheat
11、ing.（2013.广东卷）就像许多大学课程一样，学期论文会被对照一些大型互联网数据库进行扫描，以检查是否存在作弊行为。3.However,this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care. （2012.福建卷）然而，这必须与我们对所有城市孩子负有的最大照顾责任的利益进行权衡。age熟义n.年龄；寿命生义n.变老; 时代,时期；很长的时间 v.变老1.Expectations for future life satisfaction
12、 decline with age.(2013.湖北卷阅读E篇）随着年龄的增长，对未来生活满足感的期望逐渐降低。2.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.（2020.浙江卷阅读C篇）德国莱比锡大学的研究者们聚集了超过1000名年龄在75岁以上
13、的退休工人，并通过一系列测试评估了志愿者的记忆和思考能力。3.Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. (2022.新高考II卷阅读D篇）对于那些处于中年的人来说，有幸的是，Levine发现即使你过去并不是一个热衷于锻炼的人，现在开始锻炼身体可能有助于改善你老化的心脏。4.Athens was not in th
14、e farthest background of his mind,but once man has a great and good idea,it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy it.（2015.江苏卷阅读D篇）雅典并不是他心灵最深处的背景，但一旦人类拥有了一个伟大而美好的想法，它永远不会完全丧失。数字时代无法摧毁它。(2022.新高考I卷阅读C篇）5.It takes ages to see the results.要花很长时间才能看到结果。air 熟义n.空气；天空生义v.发表（意见等）；使通风，使通气
15、n.感觉；印象；神态1.The issues were openly aired and discussed by the group.这些问题被公开提出并在小组进行了讨论。2.The rooms had all been cleaned and aired.所有的房间都已打扫干净并且通了风。3.There was an air of complete confidence about her.她显得信心十足。4.Our travel plans are still up in the air.我们的旅行计划尚未决定。allow 熟义vt.允许；准许生义vi.容许（+of); 考虑到，顾及（f
16、or) vt.预留，留出；使.成为可能1 Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones,so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.（2012.北京卷）Basic Math从相对容易的概念开始，逐渐过渡到更困难的部分，以便让学生稳步且确实地理解这些内容。2.Hod Lipson,a professor at Columbi
17、a University,said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins. (2018.天津卷）哥伦比亚大学的教授霍德利普森说，“食品打印可能使消费者打印出含有定制营养成分的食物成为可能，比如维生素。”3.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlie
18、s, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.（2023.全国甲卷）他们的恢复已经非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物服务部已经两次尝试将灰熊从保护名单中移除，这将会放松法律保护并允许人们狩猎它们。4.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied
19、 to more recent remains(2011.上海卷）在2008年之前，相关指导原则允许对足够古老且具有历史兴趣的骨骼进行适当的保存和研究，而1857年的埋葬法则适用于较近期的遗骸。5.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.（2020全国乙卷）餐厅可以在菜单的各种食物选择中提供音乐选择，让顾客更
20、能掌控他们就餐的气氛。6.Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.(2023 全国新课标I卷）除了Nanxiang外，最好的小笼包有着细薄的皮，可以在不撕破或溢出任何内馅的情况下从蒸笼中提起。amount 熟义总数；总额生义Vi.合计；共计1.Things quickly got very intense due to
21、 the huge amount of energy required to look after them.（2021.全国新高考II卷）由于照顾他们需要大量的精力，情况迅速变得非常紧张。2.Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies.（2012.广东卷）体育运动在电视公司通过商业时间销售所获得的收入中占据了越来越大的比例。3.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is
22、thrown away from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.（2022.全国新高考II卷）令人震惊的是有多少完好的食物被扔掉 从被杂货商拒绝的“丑陋”（但完全可以吃的）蔬菜，到餐厅垃圾桶里扔掉的大量未吃完的菜肴。4.“The middle class families have been financing it through debtThey will send
23、 kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt”(2011.山东卷）“中产家庭一直通过债务来为此提供资金。他们会不惜一切代价送孩子们上大学，即使这意味着巨额的债务。”5.In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italys then 56.7 million people,or about 2 percent.At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amo
24、unted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million,or 7.5 percent,immigrantschildrenaccounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.（2017.浙江卷）在1990年，移民在当时的5670万意大利人中约占114万，约占2%。今年初，居住在意大利的外国人为456万，总人口为6060万，占7.5%，而移民的孩子在意大利出生的比例越来越高。assume熟义v.假定;以为;假设生义v.承担（责任）；就（职）；取得（权力）1.But
25、when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients（2011.湖北卷阅读A篇）但当涉及到医学时，我曾认为始终对我的病人诚实是很重要的。2.The court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare.法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。attend熟义 vt.出席，参加生义 vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）1.What should you do if you want to attend the tast
26、er session of Jodies fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business. 请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。charge 熟义n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控生义vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲v.1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽
27、卷）他们总是对这项服务收费很高。2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower m
28、yself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。4.Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。n.1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers effort
29、s to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. （2022.全国乙卷）根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。2.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers, and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（2014.湖北卷）这里似乎有一
30、种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。coin 熟义n.硬币生义vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）1.The term cardboard city was coined to describe communit
31、ies of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer. （2011.全国卷II)作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带
32、上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。collect熟义vt.收集生义vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kitsone kit，one child(2021.北京卷）我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装一个套装，一个孩子。2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking dona
33、tions and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. (2022.新高考I卷）去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。3.The government has collected money.（2021.新高考I卷）政府已经筹集到了资金。collect ones thought e.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview
34、 room.她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。copy熟义v.复制；复印; 抄写生义n.复制品，复印件；(书、报纸或CD的)一本，一册，一份1.The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home.When it stayed on her mind for days,she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down.（2014
35、.广东卷阅读B篇）这个短语给她留下了深刻的印象，以至于她把它抄了下来。Judy Foreman 在离家很远的仓库墙上发现了同样的短语。当它在她的脑海中停留了好几天后，她放弃了并开车回到那里将其抄写下来。2 At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need for paper copies of documents(文件) because they could be stored electronically.（2003.全国卷阅读E篇）曾经有一段时间，人们预期计算机主要能减少对文档的纸质复印需求，因为它们可以电子存储
36、。3.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street. （2019.全国III卷阅读C篇）当时的趋势是朝向“便士报纸”发展这个词指的是广泛供公众使用的报纸。它意味着
37、任何便宜的报纸；或许更重要的是，这意味着可以在街上单独购买的报纸。4.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her niece. (2016.四川高考完形填空）在一次家庭驾车旅行中，她的姑姑Dede拿出了一本哈利波特，作为给她侄女的一个惊喜。count熟义 vt.数数；计算生义v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? He
38、re are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）你的态度和努力非常重要。3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency（2021.重庆卷）那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。4.Unfortuna
39、tely,though,they dont usually hold office hours at midnight,so youll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。4.
40、I count him among my closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。cover熟义vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子生义vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。2.In a world
41、 where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。（2022.新高考I卷）3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldnt b
42、elieve how long they let us look around without saying anything.（2018.天津卷）当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.
43、（2005.全国I卷）一个只有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）政府将承担生产成本。6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。8.Brighten up your room with some colou
44、rful cushion covers.用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。cover upMature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the Jone
45、ses.”(2014.江苏卷）成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。drive 熟义vt.开车生义vt.吹，卷；驱赶；迫使 n.车程；干劲；活动；强烈愿望1.Vacancies(空位) now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon.This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but
46、just a drive away from the sea. The food is simple but good.Children and pets are welcome.Reduced prices for low season.（2018.全国I卷）现在以及在假期中，位于德文郡的一家乡村酒店有空位。这个舒适、友好的家一般的住所位于美丽的宁静乡村附近，但只需驾车就能到达海边。食物简单但美味。欢迎儿童和宠物入住。淡季价格优惠。2.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive
47、to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.(2016.浙江卷）也许进化赋予了人类婴儿好奇心和自然驱使他们解释自己世界的冲动，成年科学家们只是利用了同样在他们儿童时期服务过他们的驱动力。使年幼的孩子在理解某件事情时感觉良好的同样的认知系统，可能已经被成年科学家采用。3.Hell do very wellh
