1、UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATIONSection Discovering Useful Structures动词不定式作定语、状语单句填空（1）Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen_the idea.on（2）I have heard that you are keen on _（draw）,right？Far from it.Its the last thing Id like to do in my free time.drawing（3）Are you keen _（share）your vi
2、ews and have your articles published in the campus newspaper？We are collecting contributions.to share动词不定式作定语、状语自主探究阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法。1.That football is such a simple game to play and is perhaps the basis of its popularity.2.He was the first guest to arrive.3.I have a lot of problems to solve.4.Dan m
3、ade a break for his car only to find the drivers door locked.5.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.我的发现我的发现.（1 1）句1、句2和句3 中的动词不定式均在句中作_,一般放在所修饰词的_；定语后面（2 2）句4和句5中的动词不定式均在句中作_,可放在_也可放在_。状语句首句末探究点1 动词不定式作定语1.动词不定式作定语,可修饰人和物
4、。当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等,或被这类词修饰时,其后一般用动词不定式作定语；不定代词后也应用动词不定式作定语。2.作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等,动词不定式后面须有相应的介词。但是,动词不定式所修饰的名词如果是time、place或way时,动词不定式后面的介词习惯上省略。Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西用的刀。Here is some paper for you to write on.这里有一些纸给你写字。He had no mone
5、y and no place to live（in）.他没有钱也没有地方住。We found a way to solve this problem（in）.我们找到了解决这个问题的方法。Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.3.当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时,动词不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。Have you anything to send？你有什么要寄的东西吗？（动词不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）Have you anything to be
6、sent？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（动词不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）4.动词不定式作定语的几种特殊用法。（1）动词不定式表将来I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了一些书在假期里读。（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any 等限定的中心词He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。探究点2 动词不定式作状语1.动词不定式作状语,主要表示原因、目的、结果等。2.“too+形容词或副词+to do”中的动词不定式表示结果,含有否定的
7、意义,意思是“太而不能”；有些表示心情或倾向的形容词如anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased及willing等用于too.to结构时,动词不定式表示肯定的意义,其中 too的意义等于very,可以在其前加only、but 或all等修饰词。动词不定式作目的状语位于句首时,可以用in order to,但不能用so as to；动词不定式位于句中时,上述两者均可用。I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.我讨厌她在我工作时给我打电话
8、我总是太忙,不能和她交谈。He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。Im glad to see you.很高兴见到你。Sam was very surprised to hear the news.萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。In order to get to the airport in time he started early.为了及时赶到机场,他很早就动身了。=He started early in order to/so as to get to the airport in
9、time.点拨1.动词不定式可在句中作独立成分,不受句子其他部分的影响。常见的表达有to begin/start with“首先”；to be brief“简单地说”；to be frank“坦白地说”；to be honest“诚实地说”；to tell the truth“老实说”；to make matters worse“更糟糕的是”；to sum up“总之”；needless to say“不用说”。I lost my way in complete darkness and,to make matters worse,it began to rain.黑暗中我迷路了,更为糟糕的是
10、,天下起了雨。To start with,I wish you a happy New Year.首先,祝您新年快乐。2.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式或动名词皆可,但以下结构含义截然不同,务必熟练掌握:表达法含义forget to do sth忘记要去做某事forget doing sth忘记做过某事remember to do sth记得要做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事regret to do sth很遗憾要做某事regret doing sth后悔做过某事stop to do sth停下来做另一件事stop doing sth停止正在做的事try to do s
11、th努力做某事try doing sth尝试做某事mean to do sth意欲/打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事go on to do sth接着做另一件事go on doing sth继续做原来做的事cant help to do不能帮助做某事cant help doing情不自禁做某事be used to do被用于做某事be used to doing习惯于做某事续表.单句填空1.He got up earlier so as _（get）to school on time.to get2.Helen had to shout _（make）herself hear
12、d above the sound of the music.to make3.This company was the first _（produce）portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.to produce4.Will you lend him a magazine _（read）？to read5.The boy worked very hard_（make）up for the lost time.to make6.With a lot of difficult problems _（settl
13、e）,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.to settle随堂检测.同义句转换1.He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.He was too angry _anything.to say2.He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter _.to write3.That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very impor
14、tant for you _English in the morning.to read4.He was so strong that he could lift the stone.He was strong _the stone.enough to lift5.His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided _the book.to buy.用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下面的短文 People in many countries like to celebrate the carnival.Dancing
15、 can be seen and laughing can be heard in New Orleans,Rio de Janeiro,and most cities in Spain.The residents of these cities expect to spend months 1._（practice）their routines in“samba”schools.In Rio de Janeiro,most of the citizens take a long time 2._（make）costumes and prepare floats（彩车）for the carn
16、ivals parades.Each float has a theme.The costumes are designed 3._（match）this theme,and original dances are arranged to represent this idea.It sounds like fun,but its really hard work 4._（organize）all of these.Practicing takes up more time each day as the carnival approaches.In New Orleans,residents
17、 compete 5._（name）“king”of a float.Competition is fierce,and future kings are required 6._（prove）that they have enough money to pay for the Crewe.Building the Crewe and designing and paying for costumes are all part of the kings job.practicingto maketo matchto organizeto be namedto proveRewrite the
18、sentences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to+do”.Change the italicized parts accordingly.1 In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.2 In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that i
19、t can be recycled for later use.In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.3 Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the l
20、ack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.5 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.6 During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under
21、control.P42 23 Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day.4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space d
22、ue to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to help them stay healthy.5 Astronauts have to use tape to stick e
23、verything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.6 During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bod
24、ies under control.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.Check your answers.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _(ac
25、hieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,_(use)the current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.Although light is the fastest thing _(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest s
26、tar system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food
27、 on longer journeys through space.to achieveusingto getknownto storeto helpP42 3.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs.1._(catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.2.Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course _(learn)more about
28、 Chinese culture.3.Susan opened the door slowly,only _(find)there was no one in the meeting room.4.You are lucky enough _(get)a chance to go abroad for further study.5.Who was the first person in the world _(climb)to the top of the worlds tallest mountain?To catch to learn to findto get to climb 6.A
29、fter so many days rest,the man was not ready _(go)back to work yet.7.In the speech Bob expressed his determination _(achieve)his goals.8.Can you tell me a way _(prevent)milk,in hot weather,from going bad?9.The water in this well is safe _(drink).10.I wasnt surprised _(learn)that they didnt agree on
30、the plan.to learn to goto achieve to prevent to drink1.她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。She is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the classroom.2.孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！Be quiet please,boys and girls,I have an announcement to make.Translate the sentences below into Engl
31、ish.3.这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。The dog was brave enough to jump into the water to save the little girl.4.有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。I have no time to play outside with so much homework to do.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Last weekend,I went to a bookstore to buy some books.I noticed a boy there,
32、who was old enough 1._(read)by himself.He wanted to buy a geography book,but he didnt have enough money.He made a decision 2._(try)some other bookstores.I decided to follow him because I wanted to know the result.The boy tried four different bookstores so as 3._(find)a cheaper book,but he failed.In
33、the sixth bookstore,the owner asked him why he was anxious 4._(get)a geography book.The boy said he dreamed of becoming a geologist in the future.The owner felt glad 5._(hear)what the boy said,so he gave him one for free.to read to try to get to findto hear一、不定式作定语一、不定式作定语不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的关不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的关系：系：主谓、动宾、同位主谓、动宾、同位关系。关系。二、不定式作状语二、不定式作状语目的目的状语；状语；结果结果状语；状语；原因原因状语。状语。
