1、Unit 1 Language pointsA SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西西方绘画艺术简史方绘画艺术简史What is Western art?It is hard to give a precise definition.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to
2、look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.什么是西方艺术什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。找出本段的不定式，并分析其用法找出本段的不定式，并分析其用法A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西西
3、方绘画艺术简史方绘画艺术简史What is Western art?It is hard to give a precise definition.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuri
4、es.什么是西方艺术什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。It+be+adj.+不定式（短语）不定式（短语）A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西西方绘画艺术简史方绘画艺术简史What is Western art?It is hard to give a precise de
5、finition.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.什么是西方艺术什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种
6、多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。as引导引导_，相当于，相当于because，但通常位于句首，但通常位于句首原因状语从句原因状语从句1precise adj.准确的；精确的准确的；精确的precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此准确地；精确地；的确如此be precise about sth.对某事相当精对某事相当精确确/确定确定at that precise moment 就在那个时就在那个时候候to
7、be precise 确切地讲确切地讲用用precise或或precisely填空填空(1)The little girl can express herself with _ words.(2)Now we are able to express our ideas _.(3)They _(不确定不确定)the exact date of the competition.(4)We are talking about her when,_,she walked in.precisepreciselyare not precise aboutat that precise momentThe
8、Middle Ages(from the 5th to the 15th century)中中世纪世纪(5 世纪到世纪到 15 世纪世纪)During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional,and the main characters wer
9、e often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone(1267-1337).While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment.In particular,his paintings are set apart from other paintings
10、by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家对写实场在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙目二维化，主体人物通常比其他人景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙目二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在这种情况在13 世纪时因乔托世纪时因乔托迪迪邦多纳邦多纳(1267-1337)而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示的是而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然带
11、有宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻真实的环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。2realistic adj.现实的；逼真的be realistic about sth.对某事实事求是对某事实事求是/对某事现实对某事现实It is not realistic to do sth.做某事是不现实的。做某事是不现实的。real adj.真的真的 really adv.真正地真正地,确实地确实地;int.是的是的,是啊是啊;reality n.真实，现实真实，
12、现实 realize v.理解理解;领会领会;认识到认识到;意识到意识到;realist n.现实主义者；现实主义画家现实主义者；现实主义画家realism n.现实主义；逼真；务实作风现实主义；逼真；务实作风(1)I know Mary is a _(realistic).She doesnt live in dream.(2)The old man is realistic _ his pay.(3)I think first of all you should set a _(realist)target for yourself.(4)I wish we can work with _
13、(realist)to make our dream come true.(5)I think that it is not realistic _(persuade)Tom to join us.realistaboutrealisticrealismto persuade【即学活用】即学活用(1)语法填空。Im _(particular)interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English.I always showed my respect and love to the old,my grand
14、parents _ particular.(2)Now we _when having dinner but eating various healthy diets.现在吃晚餐的时候我们不再对食物挑剔,而是吃各种各样健康的食物。particularlyinare no longer particular about food3.in particularparticularly adv.尤其尤其;特别特别 be particular about/over.对讲究；挑剔 be particular to 为所特有4.set A apart from B 使使A不同不同于于B/使使A比比B突出突
15、出/使使A优于优于B A be set apart from B A被被和和B区分开来区分开来/A不同于不同于B tell A from B/distinguish A from B 区分区分A和和B开始做某事开始做某事 set about(doing sth.)开始开始(做某事做某事)set out(to do sth.)出发出发(去去)set out(for)动身动身/出发出发 set off(for);引爆引爆;引发引发 set off 留出留出 set aside 记下记下 set down 建立建立 set up 用set的短语填空1)We to prepare supper the
16、 moment we returned home.2)We are happy to inform you that the Students Union has decided to _a cycling club.3)This kind of music is _other styles by their violent rhyme.4)Doctors advised _ a certain hour a day for outdoor activities.5)If you want to catch that train wed better _for the station imme
17、diately.6)I have the details _ in my notes.set outset upset apart fromsetting aside set off/out set downThe Renaissance(from the 14th to the 17th century)文艺复兴时期(14 世纪到 17 世纪)New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result,painters concentrated less on religious them
18、es.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio(1401-1428).Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)，Michelangelo(1475-1564)and Raphael(1483-1520)built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations
19、to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。他们开始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401-1428)对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多达芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。5influential adj.有影响力的；有支配力的有影响力的；有支配力的 influentially adv.有影响地；有力地有影响地；有力地 inf
20、luence n.影响；势力；影响；势力；有影响的人或事有影响的人或事 vt.影响；改变影响；改变 be influential in(doing)sth 对对(做做)某事有影响某事有影响 have an influence/effect/impact on/over sb./sth.对某人对某人/某物产生强大的影响某物产生强大的影响 under the influence of 受受的影响的影响【即学活用】(1)语法填空。It is one of the most _(influence)clubs in our school.Overseas study tours can have a
21、positive influence _the future development of students._(influence)by these films and TV plays,some teenagers believe that smoking helps make them more attractive.(2)It is obvious that parents _their children.很显然,父母对孩子们有很深的影响。influentialonInfluencedhave a deep influence onAnother innovation was the
22、use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism,some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil,this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606-1669),who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风
23、格，一些最好的油画看上去就像是照片。尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。6.reputation n.名誉名誉;名声名声=famehave a reputation for.因因而享有声誉而享有声誉/出名出名damage/ruin ones reputation 损害损害/毁坏某人的名声毁坏某人的名声live up to ones reputation 名副其实名副其实,名不虚传名不虚传have a good/bad reputation 有好有好/坏名声坏名声earn/win/gain a reputation(as.)(作为作为
24、.)赢赢得声誉得声誉establish/build up/make a reputation 树立树立/博得名誉博得名誉【即学活用】(1)It is an established company with a _.它是一家地位稳固、信誉良好的公司。(2)Among Chinese technological innovations,four have _Chinas“four great new inventions”.在中国科技创新中,有四个作为“新四大发明”而赢得赞誉。(3)The honey badger _toughness that is far greater than their
25、 size.蜜獾因远大于自身身材的强硬而著称。(4)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gifts from his patients,so he has very good reputation.(5)The changeable weather in England is living up its reputation.good reputationearned a reputation ashas a reputation foratoIn subject matter the em
26、phasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings,nobles,and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology.Finally,most cli
27、ents wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.在题材上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的准确照片。其他人则想要。展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。7.rank n.（尤指较高的）地位，级别；（人或事物的）行列尤指较高的）地位，级别；（人或事物的）行列 vt.&vi.把把分等级；使排成行分等级；使排成行rank first/second.位列第一位列第一/二二.rank.as.把把评为评为 She _
28、one of the most potential athletes at that time.她她被评为被评为当时最有潜力的运动员之一当时最有潜力的运动员之一The Chinese delegation has won 6 medals in the Winter Olymipics in Beijing,_ the seventh place of the medal list.was ranked asranking8.purchase vt.购买；采购购买；采购 n.买；购买买；购买；购买的东西；购买的东西 purchase sth.from sb.向某人购买某物向某人购买某物 mak
29、e a purchase(of sth)采购采购You can _ the local supplier.你你可以向当地的供应商购买这些电脑。可以向当地的供应商购买这些电脑。She likes comparing prices before she _.她她喜欢比较价格后才购买东西。喜欢比较价格后才购买东西。purchase the computers frommakes a purchaseImpressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)印象派时期(19 世纪后期到 20 世纪初期)The development of Western art sl
30、owed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that,paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence,painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this,Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from
31、the painting by Claude Monet(1840-1926)called Impression,Sunrise.In this work,Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene-the subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed record of the scene itself.直到 19 世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌了。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看
32、待他们的艺术。由此，印象派在法国应运而生。这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德莫奈(1840-1926)的一幅名为印象日出的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动-场景给他的主观印象-而不是场景本身的详细记录。9.emerge vi.&vt.出现出现;浮现浮现;暴露暴露 emergencen.出现出现,浮现浮现;发生发生 emerge from 自自出现出现;从从显露出来显露出来 emerge as.作为作为.出现出现 It emerged that 已经很清楚已经很清楚 emergentadj.紧急的紧急的;浮现的浮现的;意外的意外的 emergency n.紧急情况紧急情况;突发事件突发
33、事件(1)用emerge的正确形式填空。The course will help me to learn about how to deal with medical _.Our government had to take some_ measures to fight against the virus.Since the _ of COVID-19,scientists began to seriously study the viruses.(2)A white streak of light _a small hill at that time.那时一束白光从小山中浮现。(3)It
34、emerged _ she had been informed of the news.2.As the elderly man emerged _a freshman,everyone was very astonished.emergencies emergentemergenceemerged fromthat as10.convey vt.表达表达;传递传递(思想、感情等思想、感情等);传送传送convey sth.to sb.(for.)(因因)向某人表达向某人表达/传递某物传递某物 convey sb./sth.from A to B 把某人把某人/某物从某物从A地运送到地运送到B
35、地地 convey ones feelings/meanings 表达感情表达感情/意思意思In this letter,I would like to convey my sincere appreciation _ you _ your help.Your luggage will be conveyed _ the airport _ your hotel.While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life,others,such as Renoir(1841-1919),focused on people.U
36、nlike the cold black-and-white photographs of that time period,Renoirs paintings are full of light,shadow,colour,and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects,but their inner warmth and humanity as well.虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿(1841-1919 年)则以人物为关注对象。雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同
37、，充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他不仅试图展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。seek to do sth.试图做某事，寻求做某事试图做某事，寻求做某事seek advice from 向某人寻求建议向某人寻求建议Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)现代艺术(20 世纪至今)After Impressionism,subsequent artists began to ask,What do we do next?”Painters such as Picasso(1881-1973)tried to analyse the s
38、hapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way,with Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question.“What is art?”在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问“下一步我们该做什么?”像毕加索
39、(1881-1973)这样的画家试图用一种新的方法-立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状。其他人则赋予他们的画中一种写实但又像梦一样的品质特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术?”11.fond adj.喜爱喜爱be fond of 喜欢喜欢;爱好爱好fond dream 南柯一梦南柯一梦;美梦美梦fondly adv.天真地天真地;怜爱地怜爱地;温柔地温柔地【即学活用】【即学活用】(1)I _(fond)imagined that you cared for me.(2)I _and I used to take an active part in our class plays.我喜欢表演我喜欢表演,我过去经常积极参加班级表演。我过去经常积极参加班级表演。(3)Every individuals all _,I neither exception.每一个人都会做美梦每一个人都会做美梦,我也不例外。我也不例外。fondlyam fond of performinghave a fond dream
