1、 英语连读的规则一一.连读的条件：连读的条件：1.1.相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重。而过，不可读得太重。(1)“(1)“辅音辅音+元音元音”型：连读在同一个意群里，如果相型：连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。eg.eg.ImanEnglish boy.ImanE
2、nglish boy.Itisanold book.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Ms Blackworkedinanofficeyesterday.Blackworkedinanofficeyesterday.Putiton,please.Notatall.Putiton,please.Notatall.Please Please pickitup.pickitup.2.“r/re+2.“r/re+元音元音”型连读型连读如果前一个词是以如果前一个词是以-r-r或者或者-re-re结尾，后一个词是以元
3、音开头，这时结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的的r r或或rere不但要发不但要发/r/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。eg.Theyre my fatherand mother.eg.Theyre my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Thereare some bo
4、oks on the desk.Hereis a letter for you.Hereis a letter for you.Hereare foureggs.Hereare foureggs.But whereis my cup?But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?Whereare your brotherand sister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r r，即使后面的词以元音开，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。头，也不能连读。The black clouds are coming
5、 nearer and nearer.The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearernearer与与andand不可连读）不可连读）3.“3.“辅音辅音+半元音半元音”型连读型连读英语语音中的英语语音中的/j/j/和和/w/w/是半元音，如果前一个是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是是/j/j/开头，此时也要连读。开头，此时也要连读。eg.Thankyou.eg.Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get th
6、ere lateagain?Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyou likea cupof tea Wouldyou likea cupof tea？Couldyou help me,please?Couldyou help me,please?“音的同化音的同化”常把常把/d/+/j/d/+/j/读成读成/dV/dV/，did did youyou听上成了听上成了/dIdVu/dIdVu/，would youwould you成了成了/wudVu/wudVu/，could youcould you成了成了/kudVu/kudVu/。4.“4.“元音元音+元音元
7、音”型连读型连读:如果前一个词以元音结尾，如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。地连读到一起。eg.Iam Chinese.eg.Iam Chinese.Heis very friendly to me.Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?Howand why did you come here?She cant carryi
8、t.She cant carryit.Itll take you threehours to walk there.Itll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.5.5.当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?Isit
9、 ahat or a cat?（hathat与与oror之间不可以连之间不可以连读）读）Thereisa good book in my desk.Thereisa good book in my desk.（bookbook与与inin之间不可以连读）之间不可以连读）Can you speakEnglish or French?Can you speakEnglish or French?（EnglishEnglish与与oror之间不可以连读）之间不可以连读）Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow Shall we meet ateight or ten
10、 tomorrow morning?morning?（meetmeet与与 atat，eighteight与与oror之间不可以之间不可以连读）连读）She opened the door and walkedin.She opened the door and walkedin.（doordoor与与andand之间不可以连读）之间不可以连读）二二.失去爆破失去爆破:6:6个爆破音有个爆破音有3 3对对/p/p/，/b/;/t/b/;/t/，/d/;/k/d/;/k/，/g/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发
11、音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“(1)“爆破音爆破音+爆破音爆破音”型型6 6个爆破音中的任意个爆破音中的任意2 2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破eg.The girl in the re(d)coat was on a bla(ck)bike jus(t)eg.The girl in the re(d)coat was on a bla(ck)bike jus(t)now
12、.now.The bi(g)bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people.The bi(g)bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people.Wha(t)time does he get up every morning?Wha(t)time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a bi(g)car.This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a bi(g)car.The ol(d)do(c)tor has a ca(t),too.T
13、he ol(d)do(c)tor has a ca(t),too.Were going to work on a farm nex(t)Tuesday.Were going to work on a farm nex(t)Tuesday.What would you like,ho(t)tea or bla(ck)coffee?What would you like,ho(t)tea or bla(ck)coffee?Its a very col(d)day,but its a goo(d)day.Its a very col(d)day,but its a goo(d)day.You can
14、 put i(t)down in the bi(g)garden.You can put i(t)down in the bi(g)garden.I bought a chea(p)book,but its a goo(d)book.I bought a chea(p)book,but its a goo(d)book.(2)“(2)“爆破音爆破音+摩擦音摩擦音”型型:如果前面是爆破音，如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/f/，/s/s/，/W/W/，/T/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音
15、则要完全爆破。爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。eg.Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.eg.Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te)near to the Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te)near to the cinema.cinema.I wen(t)there alone a(t)nine las(t)night.I wen(t)there alone a(t)nine las(t)night.-Do you know his bi(ke)number?-Sorry,I -Do yo
16、u know his bi(ke)number?-Sorry,I don(t)know.don(t)know.The forty-firs(t)lesson is qui(te)The forty-firs(t)lesson is qui(te)difficult.difficult.Goo(d)luck,Lin Tao.Goo(d)luck,Lin Tao.三.浊化 1、S 后 面 的 清 辅 音 要 浊 化 eg.discussion：k 浊化成 g s t a n d：t 浊 化 成 d e x p r e s s i o n：p 浊 化 成 b 2、美音中：t 在单词的中间被浊化成d
17、如：writer，听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别 letterladder 美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是t在单词的中间一定会浊化成d，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。四.弱读 一般来说：实 词 重 读，如 动 词、名 词、副 词 等；虚 词 弱 读，如 介 词、代 词 等 弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 E如单词 for from to some am do have does 强式 fC:frC:m tU:sQm Am dU:hAv dQz 弱式 f frm t sm m d hv dz 五.英音和美
18、音的差异由于美音的流行，四级考试听力也以美音为主，但是，由于历史的原因，我国大多数英语教师的发音，仍然以英音为主，所以，我们脑海中根深蒂固的英式发音，可能和磁带中的发音不一致，进而造成四级听力中的障碍。英语和美语在读音上的差异主要反映在元音字母a,o 和 辅 音 字 母 r 的 不 同 读 音 上。1)在ask、cant、dance、fast、path 这一类的单词中，英国人将字母a 读作a:，而美国人则读作，所以这些词在美国人口中就成了AskkAntdAnsfAst和pB:W。Liason 连读1.Sit on the chair2.Without any difficulty3.in a
19、minute4.a woman of forty5.best of all6.arrive in the city7.at eight oclock8.an old man and a girl9.ask any person10.walk across the street11.on a foggy day12.a student in the English Department13.in our classroom14.talk with a friend of mine15.fall in the river16.tell us a story17.find it in my desk
20、18.waited and waited19.run after it20.at the end of the street21.here and there22.sit at the other end of the room23.after a while24.take for example25.for an hour26.a pair of trousers27.wait for a student28.find the answer after all29.put more on her plate30.take care of it31.cant hear it32.no air
21、and water33.the other answer34.150 kilometers per hour35.a fire in a forest36.discover a new star37.doctor and nurse38.far easier than that39.the owner of the house40.the paper in the desk1.I dont understand the theory at all.2.Jane has saved a lot of money.3.It isnt our mistake.4.My mother came and
22、 opened the door.5.Instead of a shirt,Tom bought a jacket.6.There was a man and a woman sitting behind me.7.I shall graduate from middle school in one and a half years.8.Dont let him in while Im reading.9.He is a tall and handsome young man.10.When I went into my office,he was talking with a friend
23、of his.11.While I was waiting for our bus,the rain stopped.12.There is only one hospital in the town.13.Perhaps that pair of shoes will fit me.14.He came in and asked for a cup of coffee.15.Here is your bag.16.He is standing at the other end of the bridge.17.There are no clean glasses in the kitchen
24、,we have used them all.18.Could you open the door for us?19.He didnt finish his work until after eight yesterday evening.20.Dont worry,well find the answer after all.1.This is the lost and found office.1.This is the lost and found office.2.My telephone number is 555-9470.2.My telephone number is 555
25、-9470.3.I couldnt help overhearing what you said 3.I couldnt help overhearing what you said about an orchestra.about an orchestra.4.Im in perfect health.4.Im in perfect health.5.Ive a perfect heart.5.Ive a perfect heart.6.You win and I cook dinner for the entire 6.You win and I cook dinner for the e
26、ntire family.family.7.She was impressed by the relaxed and informal 7.She was impressed by the relaxed and informal atmosphere.atmosphere.8.Im just here to do some research.8.Im just here to do some research.9.Do you ever smoke at meal times?9.Do you ever smoke at meal times?10.Some patients seemed
27、almost normal.10.Some patients seemed almost normal.11.But wouldnt you like to go into the village11.But wouldnt you like to go into the villagesometimes to buy your own tobacco?sometimes to buy your own tobacco?12.He was a gentle and mild-mannered old fellow.12.He was a gentle and mild-mannered old
28、 fellow.13.Dr.Carmichael was easily persuaded to let her 13.Dr.Carmichael was easily persuaded to let her talk to Maurice.talk to Maurice.14.Gillian felt slightly uneasy as the porter 14.Gillian felt slightly uneasy as the porter unlocked the gate and waved her through.unlocked the gate and waved he
29、r through.15.Oh,thank you very much,Ok.15.Oh,thank you very much,Ok.16.Ive never been out that way before at all to 16.Ive never been out that way before at all to Australia or the Far East.Australia or the Far East.17.The food was strictly fish and chips.17.The food was strictly fish and chips.18.I
30、n addition to this,we were most unhappy with 18.In addition to this,we were most unhappy with the arrangements for our journey home.the arrangements for our journey home.19.Have you ever been to an exhibition?19.Have you ever been to an exhibition?20.The Indians are bad and the white man is good and
31、 20.The Indians are bad and the white man is good and brave.brave.21.Columbus thought he had arrived in India.21.Columbus thought he had arrived in India.22.I remember going into the camp and getting a 22.I remember going into the camp and getting a hot meal and clean clothes.hot meal and clean clot
32、hes.23.You need to work at it.23.You need to work at it.24.I made enough for an army.24.I made enough for an army.25.Ill make you two fried egg.25.Ill make you two fried egg.26.The same shift on Tuesday.26.The same shift on Tuesday.27.Her last question is about her other interest.27.Her last questio
33、n is about her other interest.28.I hope your friend sends in an application.28.I hope your friend sends in an application.29.They have their own special characteristics.29.They have their own special characteristics.30.The other waiter hid the bottle Id opened 30.The other waiter hid the bottle Id o
34、pened wrongly.wrongly.31.This gas will put anyone to sleep for exactly three 31.This gas will put anyone to sleep for exactly three minutes.minutes.32.Youre going to go round to the managers desk and steal 32.Youre going to go round to the managers desk and steal all the money.all the money.33.I thi
35、nk its risky.33.I think its risky.34.If you walk out with 50,000 pounds under your arm,34.If you walk out with 50,000 pounds under your arm,somebody will surely notice you.somebody will surely notice you.35.You go into the bank with a motor-cycle helmet on,and a 35.You go into the bank with a motor-
36、cycle helmet on,and a black rubbish bag in your pocket.black rubbish bag in your pocket.36.When you get there,radio Ginger and tell him to come.36.When you get there,radio Ginger and tell him to come.37.Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or 37.Sport balloon flights are best early in
37、 the morning or late in the afternoon when the wind is light.late in the afternoon when the wind is light.38.The flight recorder of the DC10 airliner which crashed in 38.The flight recorder of the DC10 airliner which crashed in the Antartic a fortnight ago.the Antartic a fortnight ago.39.Fifteen peo
38、ple are to appear in court in Manchester.39.Fifteen people are to appear in court in Manchester.40.The trouble began when groups of rival supporters whose 40.The trouble began when groups of rival supporters whose teams had both been playing London clubs began to insult teams had both been playing L
39、ondon clubs began to insult each other.each other.41.Would you like a weekend in Las Vagas?42.Mary stopped outside a shoe shop and looked in the window.43.When an atom is divided,heat appears.44.Talk of a quick election was pure speculation.45.He hoped it would lead to a basis for negotiation.46.How
40、 did you find it at first being stared at all day?47.People werent aware in a scientific way of the role of different micro-organisms and enzymes in producing different types of cheese.48.Cheese started being made on a large scale in factories.49.They might not become great artist or composers.50.It
41、 suddenly struck us that somebody must have taken this money.51.The point is that his university life might not have been so difficult if his ability has been recognized sooner.52.I knew its sudden,but this is an important opportunity.53.Well,I wasnt clear about my future.54.Its rather cold out here
42、 on the deck.55.Mike and I had a hamburger this afternoon and we talk.56.You couldnt pick a finer medical school than Michigan.57.The small producer working from his farm dairy continued to exist and still exist today.历史岳麓版第13课交通与通讯的变化资料精品课件欢迎使用自读教材自读教材填要点填要点 一、铁路，更多的铁路一、铁路，更多的铁路 1地位地位 铁路是铁路是 建设的重点，
43、便于国计民生，成为国民经济建设的重点，便于国计民生，成为国民经济发展的动脉。发展的动脉。2出现出现 1881年，中国自建的第一条铁路年，中国自建的第一条铁路唐山唐山 至胥各庄铁至胥各庄铁路建成通车。路建成通车。1888年，年，宫廷宫廷专用铁路落成。专用铁路落成。交通运输交通运输开平开平 3发展发展 (1)原因：原因：甲午战争以后列强激烈争夺在华铁路的甲午战争以后列强激烈争夺在华铁路的 。修路成为中国人修路成为中国人 的强烈愿望。的强烈愿望。(2)成果：成果：1909年年 建成通车；民国以后，各条商路修筑建成通车；民国以后，各条商路修筑权收归国有。权收归国有。4制约因素制约因素 政潮迭起，军阀混
44、战，社会经济凋敝，铁路建设始终未入政潮迭起，军阀混战，社会经济凋敝，铁路建设始终未入正轨。正轨。修筑权修筑权救亡图存救亡图存京张铁路京张铁路 二、水运与航空二、水运与航空 1水运水运 (1)1872年年,正式成立，标志着中国新式航运业的诞生。正式成立，标志着中国新式航运业的诞生。(2)1900年前后，民间兴办的各种轮船航运公司近百家，几乎都是年前后，民间兴办的各种轮船航运公司近百家，几乎都是在列强排挤中艰难求生。在列强排挤中艰难求生。2航空航空 (1)起步：起步：1918年，附设在福建马尾造船厂的海军飞机工程处开始年，附设在福建马尾造船厂的海军飞机工程处开始研制研制 。(2)发展：发展：191
45、8年，北洋政府在交通部下设年，北洋政府在交通部下设“”；此后十年间，航空事业获得较快发展。；此后十年间，航空事业获得较快发展。轮船招商局轮船招商局水上飞机水上飞机筹办航空事宜筹办航空事宜处处 三、从驿传到邮政三、从驿传到邮政 1邮政邮政 (1)初办邮政：初办邮政：1896年成立年成立“大清邮政局大清邮政局”，此后又设，此后又设 ，邮传正式脱离海关。邮传正式脱离海关。(2)进一步发展：进一步发展：1913年，北洋政府宣布裁撤全部驿站；年，北洋政府宣布裁撤全部驿站；1920年，中国首次参加年，中国首次参加 。邮传部邮传部万国邮联大会万国邮联大会 2电讯电讯 (1)开端：开端：1877年，福建巡抚在
46、年，福建巡抚在 架设第一条电报线，成为中国自架设第一条电报线，成为中国自办电报的开端。办电报的开端。(2)特点：进程曲折，发展缓慢，直到特点：进程曲折，发展缓慢，直到20世纪世纪30年代情况才发生变年代情况才发生变化。化。3交通通讯变化的影响交通通讯变化的影响 (1)新式交通促进了经济发展，改变了人们的通讯手段和新式交通促进了经济发展，改变了人们的通讯手段和 ，转变了人们的思想观念。转变了人们的思想观念。(2)交通近代化使中国同世界的联系大大增强，使异地传输更为便交通近代化使中国同世界的联系大大增强，使异地传输更为便捷。捷。(3)促进了中国的经济与社会发展，也使人们的生活促进了中国的经济与社会
47、发展，也使人们的生活 。台湾台湾出行出行方式方式多姿多彩多姿多彩合作探究合作探究提认知提认知 电视剧电视剧闯关东闯关东讲述了济南章丘朱家峪人朱开山一家，讲述了济南章丘朱家峪人朱开山一家，从清末到九一八事变爆发闯关东的前尘往事。下图是朱开山从清末到九一八事变爆发闯关东的前尘往事。下图是朱开山一家从山东辗转逃亡到东北途中可能用到的四种交通工具。一家从山东辗转逃亡到东北途中可能用到的四种交通工具。依据材料概括晚清中国交通方式的特点，并分析其成因。依据材料概括晚清中国交通方式的特点，并分析其成因。提示：提示：特点：新旧交通工具并存特点：新旧交通工具并存(或：传统的帆船、独轮车，或：传统的帆船、独轮车，
48、近代的小火轮、火车同时使用近代的小火轮、火车同时使用)。原因：近代西方列强的侵略加剧了中国的贫困，阻碍社会发原因：近代西方列强的侵略加剧了中国的贫困，阻碍社会发展；西方工业文明的冲击与示范；中国民族工业的兴起与发展；展；西方工业文明的冲击与示范；中国民族工业的兴起与发展；政府及各阶层人士的提倡与推动。政府及各阶层人士的提倡与推动。串点成面串点成面握全局握全局 一、近代交通业发展的原因、特点及影响一、近代交通业发展的原因、特点及影响 1原因原因 (1)先进的中国人为救国救民，积极兴办近代交通业，促先进的中国人为救国救民，积极兴办近代交通业，促进中国社会发展。进中国社会发展。(2)列强侵华的需要。
49、为扩大在华利益，加强控制、镇压列强侵华的需要。为扩大在华利益，加强控制、镇压中国人民的反抗，控制和操纵中国交通建设。中国人民的反抗，控制和操纵中国交通建设。(3)工业革命的成果传入中国，为近代交通业的发展提供工业革命的成果传入中国，为近代交通业的发展提供了物质条件。了物质条件。2特点特点 (1)近代中国交通业逐渐开始近代化的进程，铁路、水运和近代中国交通业逐渐开始近代化的进程，铁路、水运和航空都获得了一定程度的发展。航空都获得了一定程度的发展。(2)近代中国交通业受到西方列强的控制和操纵。近代中国交通业受到西方列强的控制和操纵。(3)地域之间的发展不平衡。地域之间的发展不平衡。3影响影响 (1
50、)积极影响：促进了经济发展，改变了人们的出行方式，积极影响：促进了经济发展，改变了人们的出行方式，一定程度上转变了人们的思想观念；加强了中国与世界各地的一定程度上转变了人们的思想观念；加强了中国与世界各地的联系，丰富了人们的生活。联系，丰富了人们的生活。(2)消极影响：有利于西方列强的政治侵略和经济掠夺。消极影响：有利于西方列强的政治侵略和经济掠夺。1李鸿章李鸿章1872年在上海创办轮船招商局，年在上海创办轮船招商局，“前前10年盈和，成年盈和，成为长江上重要商局，招商局和英商太古、怡和三家呈鼎立为长江上重要商局，招商局和英商太古、怡和三家呈鼎立之势之势”。这说明该企业的创办。这说明该企业的创
