1、牛津译林版九年级上册英语期末语法复习知识清单9A U1-8 9B U1-2（部分考区可能会上到九下内容）9AU1并列连词一、并列连词and, but, or, so 英语中,并列连词是连接单词、短语或句子的虚词,不能单独作句子成分。连词按其作用可分为并列连词、转折连词、选择连词、因果连词四大类。(1)并列连词and意为“和，又，并且”，表达并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或句子，表示意思的并列、顺承或增补。在连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时，and 要放在最后一个成分前。Mike likes playing football and singing songs.He went to
2、market and bought some vegetables.【注意】在连接人称代词时，通常按第二、第三、第一人称的顺序;如果and后连接的和前面的主语指代相同，就不必重复第一个主语。May and I are good friends.We saw the tower and liked it.【拓展】and还可意为“那么,就”,在固定句型“祈使句，and+陈述句”中，祈使句表示条件，and后的陈述句则表示一个较好的结果，常用一般将来时。Work hard, and youll get good grades.(2)并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相
3、对。My uncle bought me a watch, but I did not like it.【注意】如果连接两个相同的主语或两个相同的“主语+谓语动词”，but后省去相同的部分。He has two pens but no pencils.(but后省了he has)although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。(3)并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系，如果连接两个主语，谓语动词要与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”；也可意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or+简单句”中。注意：and和or都可表示“和”，and常用于肯定句中，or常用于否定句或
4、疑问句中，用于否定句中表示“也不”，用于疑问句中表示“或者”。You or I am going with Mum.Which do you like better, juice or coffee? Be careful, or you will lose you way!I cannot speak Japanese or French.(4)并列连词so意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。注意：并列连词so不能和从属连词because一起使用。It began to rain, so we went home.The dog was hungry, so we gav
5、e it something to eat.=Because the dog was hungry, we gave it something to eat.【举一反三】1. Peter had a stomach ache, he went to see a doctor.2. We felt tired, we were very happy.3. His mother cooked dinner made a cake.4. Do you like this blue shirt that white one?二、并列连词both.and.，not only.but (also).，ei
6、ther.or.，neither.nor.(1) both.and.意为“和两者都；既又”。连接的两个成分在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。He can both swim and skate. Both she and I are good at English. (2) not only.but (also).意为“不但而且，不仅.还有.”，当连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循所谓的“就近原则”。They speak English not only in class but also at home. Not only the student
7、s but also Mr Li has lunch at school.(3) either.or. 意为“要么要么，或者或者；不是就是”，用于连接两个表示选择关系的词。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”。When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. Either you or I am going there tomorrow.(4) neither.nor. 意为“既不也不”，具有否定意义。当neither. nor. 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数也应遵循“就近原则”。It is neither hot nor
8、 cold in winter here. Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 若将neither. nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither. nor.改为both. and.，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。Both dad and mum are at home today. 【练一练】( )1. The shops were closed, _ I didnt get any milk last night. A. butB. andC. orD. so( )2. Dont waste your time, _ you will regret i
9、t. A. butB. andC. orD. so( )3. He doesnt like music. His brother doesnt like music, _. A. norB. tooC. neitherD. either( )4. Would you like tea or coffee? -_. Bring me a glass of water, please. A. NeitherB. BothC. EitherD. None( )5. Smile to the world. _ the world will smile back to you. A. norB. but
10、C. or D. and( )6. -Could you lend me a pen? -Of course. Here are two and you can take _ of them. A. bothB. allC. eitherD. any( )7. Tell us something about Canada, OK? -Im sorry. Jack I have ever been there. A. Either; orB. Not only; but alsoC.Both；and D. Neither; nor( )8. Tianjin has many restaurant
11、s _ Tianjin baozi is very famous there. A. soB. butC. orD. and( )9. Youd better not make a decision without thinking it over, _ you may regret(后悔)it later.A.andB.butC.orD.so9AU2宾语从句（一）that引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句)，我们可以用that引导，代替句子中动词后面的宾语，that可以省略，没有词义，不充当句子成分。Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is
12、 even better.She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.注意：在主句为be动词加某些形容词(如certain, sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。Im sorry (that) I dont know.Were sure (that) our team will win.Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam.（二）if或whether引导的宾语从句当一般疑问句作宾语时，由连
13、词whether或if引导(口语中常用if)，if/whether意为“是否”，具有一定的意义，不能省略，不充当成分。I dont know if/whether she will come tomorrow. Lets see if/whether we can find out some information about Hainan Island. 宾语从句中的人称代词要符合逻辑，有时需要进行合理变化。She says, “I am much better than before.”(句中I和She 指代的对象一致,所以在变宾语从句时,宾语从句的主语变为 she)She says sh
14、e is much better than before.She asks Tom, “Are you a student?”(句中 Tom和you 指代的对象一致，所以在变宾语从句时,宾语从句的主语要变为he) She asks Tom if he is a student.“Can you help me?” she asks. She wonders, “Can I keep that book for one more week?” 【if和whether的用法区别】在动词不定式之前只能用whether。I cant decide whether to go shopping with
15、 them. whether. or (not) 是固定搭配。I dont know whether it will rain or not. 在介词后只能用whether。We are interested in whether she can finish the work in such a short time.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。Whether it is true, I cant tell.（三）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”，即使宾语从句本身为疑问句，也要将其变成陈述句语序。（四）宾语从句中的时态如果主句
16、是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，从句中的时态可根据具体情况而定，选用合适的时态。She knows her parents will arrive in Nanjing tomorrow. Weve heard that she practices dancing every day. 如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时)，那么从句的时态要用相应的过去的某种时态(描述客观真理时除外)。I didnt know he would come. Miss Li told us she had seen the film. The teacher told
17、 us that the earth moves around the sun.【举一反三】选用that, if或whether填空1. I believe_ you can pass the exam.2. Peter is wondering_ his mother likes the pink dress.3. We are sure_ our school basketball team will win the match.4. Sandy is asking Millie will come. _ she comes, please call her.5. Tommy doesnt
18、 know _ he should choose the black shoes or the brown shoes.6. He said _ he would come to help on time. 7. I cant decide _ to stay. 8. I want to know _ its good news or not. 9. Nobody knows _ it will rain tomorrow. 10. _ they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 11. I am afraid _ I will l
19、ose this important match. 9AU4 时间状语从句连词例句说明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.when指的是“某一具体的时间”,引导的动词既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”wh
20、ile引导的动作必须是持续性的，表示的一种状态。asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.As time goes by, I like China better.as（译为“一边一边”）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；as译为“随着” beforeI finished my task before I went home.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.在.以前afterHe arrived after the game started.after“在之后”till/untilWe w
21、aited till(until) he came back .She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”；notuntil表示“直到才”。主句通常用瞬间动词，这时until可用before替换。He didnt leave until/before I came back.有时可用never, nothing代替not.如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until, 不用till.sinceGrea
22、t changes have taken place in China since 1978.主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon asAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you. My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一就”。如果主句是一
23、般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般也用一般过去时，简言之：主将从现；主过从过whenever Whenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.whenever = no matter when 无论何时【举一反三】1. -Mr. Smith, please teach me how to draw on the computer today.-Oh, no. _. You have to get familiar with the keyboard first.A
24、. Its never too old to learnB. Think twice before you doC. Dont be a wet blanketD. Learn to walk before you run2. When will she go home? She _ home _ she finishes her homework.A. wont go ; before, B. goes; beforeC. wont go; until D. go; after3. -Could you tell me _? - Sorry, I dont know. I will call
25、 you _.A. when your brother comes back； when he will come backB. when your brother will come back； when he comes backC. when your brother comes back； when he comes backD. when your brother will come back； when he will come back4.-What were you and your parents doing_ it began to rain last night? - I
26、 was doing my homework_ my parents were watching TV.A. when；when B. while；whileC. when；while D. while；when5.She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A. /tillB. ontillC.atatD. /at6. _ will the meeting between the two National leaders last? _ they reach an agreement.A. When, UntilB. When,
27、 Not untilC. How long, UntilD. How long, Not until7.The Greens have_ the flat in the centre of city_ five years ago.A. bought; sinceB. bought; forC. had; sinceD. had; for8.He called me _ he started. And _ he arrives, Ill meet him at the airport.A. after; becauseB. before; as soon asC. while; whenD.
28、until; as soon as9AU5 because、since和as引导的原因状语从句because “因为”语气很强, 表示直接原因, 还可用来回答以 why 开头的特殊疑问句。Tom didnt go to school yesterday because he had a bad cold.-Why cant I go? -Because youre too young.【注意】在英语中, because不可以与so连用，两者只能用其一。The shops are closed, so I dont get any milk.=Because the shops are clos
29、ed, I dont get any milk.because与because of 的区别:because后只能接句子，而because of 后面只能接名词或名词短语，不能跟句子。Because of the bad weather, we put off the sports meeting.Because it rained yesterday, we put off the sports meeting.since “既然；由于；因为”语气较弱, 表示显然的或已知的理由,较正式。Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.as “由
30、于；因为”与 since 的用法大体相同,表示附带说明的双方已知的原因”。As you werent there，I left a message.【举一反三】1.Wolves will _ their lives _ the loss of the trees and forests.A. lose; becauseB. lose; because of C. lost; becauseD. lost; because of2. I went back not the rain, but I was tired.A. because; because ofB. because; becaus
31、eC. because of; becauseD. because of; because of3. I didnt go to the party not the weather, but I didnt feel well.A. because of; because B. because; because ofC. because of; because ofD. because; because4. _ we must keep away from the COVID-19(新冠病毒）, this spring we had to study at home .A. Or B. SoC
32、.AsD. But9AU6 if, unless引导的条件状语从句在if引导的条件状语从句中，符合以下原则：原则1：主将从现主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。If my brother comes back, he will take me to the park.原则2：主情从现 主句含有情态动词can/may/might/must/should等，从句用一般现在时。If you want to be healthy, you should keep a good diet.原则3：主祈从现主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。Dont play with the knife if you do
33、nt want to get hurt.与其他句式之间的转换(1) 借助“祈使句+and / or+ 一般将来时的句子”这一句型来转换。and在句意上表示顺承关系, or表示转折关系。If you get up early, youll get there on time. = Get up early, and youll get there on time. = Get up early, or you wont get there on time. (2) 借助介词without或with来转换条件状语从句。If there is no water, fish will die. = F
34、ish will die without water.If you help me, Ill finish the work soon. = With your help, Ill finish the work soon. (3) ifnot 引导的条件状语从句, 可以借助连词unless来改写。You will be late if you dont go there by bus. = You will be late unless you go there by bus. 【举一反三】1.Mum says _ I do my homework now, I can watch a mo
35、vie tonight.A. whileB. before C. ifD. until2.You will succeed finally _ you give up halfway.A. becauseB. unless C. though D. since3. Helen, along with her brothers, _ Xiangshan Park if it _ tomorrow.A.is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC.is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt
36、 rain4. Our dream will come true some day _ we keep trying and never give up.A. althoughB.so that C. even thoughD.as long as5.You will miss the bus _ you hurry up.A. ifB. orC. unless D.so6. According to the traffic rule, people arent allowed to ride e-bikes _ they wear helmets.A. ifB. unless C. sinc
37、e D.as7. I hear you are going to visit Disneyland next month. May I go there with you? Im afraid not, _ you have a ticket.A. ifB. unless C. untilD. as soon as8.We can get over the trouble _ we depend on our own country.A.as much asB.as far asC.as soon asD.as long as9.What are you going to do tomorro
38、w?If it _, Ill watch a movie at home.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainD.is raining9AU7 让步状语从句although/though用作连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，常用于引导让步状语从句。让步状语从句表示即使出现在从句中的情况，主句动作仍然会发生，有“退一步说”的意思。即使我可能失败，我也要试一下。 尽管他没有钱，但是他很快乐。 although和though 可用于句首或句中，但不能与连词but或however 同时使用，不过可与yet, still连用。Although/Though you are a little y
39、ounger than me, yet you are much taller.注意：although和though在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although 比though更正式一些。9AU7 结果状语从句such.that意为“如此.以至于.”，连接结果状语从句。(结果状语从句是用来补充说明主句动作发生所带来的结果。）和sothat 意思相同，但是用法不同。so是副词，后面可加形容词和副词：so+ adj./adv.+ that clause,当后面的名词前由many, much, few, little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。so many
40、 apples so much water so few students so little juiceThe day is so nice that we can go out for a picnic.而such是限定词，后面要加名词或名词词组，名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带:such +noun/noun phrases + that clauseIt is such a nice day that we can go out for a picnic.注意：当such后面接的是单数可数名词时，它可以跟so进行转换。He told me such an interesting sto
41、ry.=He told me so interesting a story.so+形容词+a(n)+名词=such a(n)+形容词+名词9AU7目的状语从句so that 引导目的状语从句，（目的状语从句用以说明主句动作发生的目的。）其从句中的谓语动词通常和情态动词can, may, will, might, would, could, should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号。so that意为“以便，为了，使能够”，可以与in order that相替换。They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.=T
42、hey got up early they could catch the early bus.【举一反三】1That suit was _ expensive that he couldnt buy it.AtooBsoCveryDsuch2Sorry, you speak _ quickly _ I cant follow you.Atoo；toBas；toCso；thatDvery；that3Although you are a top student in your class,_ you still should work hard at your lessons.AandBorCb
43、utD/4May I sit nearer _ I can see more clearly？Aas ifBso thatCeven ifDso5_ it was raining, they still worked in the fields.AAlthoughBBecauseCIfDSince9AU8 限制性定语从句修饰或限制名词或代词的部分叫定语，当修饰名词或代词的部分为句子时，这个句子就叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，定语从句通常出现在先行词后面，由关系词引出。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，它们在定语从句中充当一定的成分。常见的引导定语从句的关系代词有who，which，that等，他们所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。The lady who/that stood under the tree was our new English teacher.( 引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 ，在从句中充当 成分)He wants to buy a new mobile phone which/that is made in Korea. ( 引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 ，在从句中充当 成分)The girl who
