1、Discovering Useful Structure P18新人教版必修新人教版必修 Book 3 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues identify and understand the meaning and functions of the-ing form used as the adverbial and the object complement;use the-ing form as the adverbial and the object complement to describe people s actions,behaviors and exper
2、iences.In this class,you will 1)表示表示感觉和心理状态感觉和心理状态的动词的动词,常见的有常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to等。等。例句：例句：We saw a light burning near the window.我们看见窗户旁边有一根蜡烛在燃烧。我们看见窗户旁边有一根蜡烛在燃烧。I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。As he spoke,he observed ever
3、ybody looking at him curiously.当他讲话的时候，他注意到每个人都在好奇地看着他。当他讲话的时候，他注意到每个人都在好奇地看着他。Listen to the birds singing.听鸟儿在歌唱。听鸟儿在歌唱。I didnt notice him waiting.我没有注意到他在等。我没有注意到他在等。-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语感官动词see/hear/feel/watch+doing 表动作正在进行see/hear/feel/watch+do 表示动作从开始到结束的全过程I saw him run across the road.I sa
4、w him running across the road.例句：例句：I wont have you doing that stupid thing.我不让你干那件蠢事。我不让你干那件蠢事。This set me thinking.这让我开始思考。这让我开始思考。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你一直等着。很抱歉让你一直等着。I cant get the clock going again.我修不好这个钟表。我修不好这个钟表。You wont catch me being late for school again.你不会再次抓到我迟到的。你不会再
5、次抓到我迟到的。2)表示表示“指使指使”意义的动词意义的动词,常见的有常见的有 have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。等。3)With复合结构在with复合结构中，如果宾语发出动作，且动作持续或进行，则用现在分词作宾补。With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.burninghelpingsellingwaitingwaiting现在分词作状语状语的作用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词
6、短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。判断句子中的状语1.He speaks English very well.2.I come specially to see you.3.Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.4.The boy was praised for his bravery.5.When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian.主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式V-ingV-ingbeing V-edbe
7、ing V-ed完成式完成式having V-edhaving V-edhaving been V-edhaving been V-ed -ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语1.-ing1.-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语必须是必须是句子的主句子的主语语,分词分词必须和必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:例句：1)Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.听
8、见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作都是主语发出并且同时发生听见和进入两个动作都是主语发出并且同时发生)时间状语方式状语原因状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语状语2.2.-ing-ing形式在句中作状语形式在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表表示动作发生的示动作发生的原因原因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随伴随状状况等。现在分词况等。现在分词一般不用作目的状语一般不用作目的状语(通常不定式用作通常不定式用作目的状语目的状语)。例句例句:Walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine
9、.=When（I was）walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.我走在街上的时候，碰见了一位老朋友。我走在街上的时候，碰见了一位老朋友。Waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.=While（he was）waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.他在等公交车的时候，读了一份他在等公交车的时候，读了一份中国日报。1)表时间状语表时间状语2)表原因状语表原因状语 Being a student,you s
10、hould study hard.=Since you are a student,you should study hard.因为你是一个学生因为你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。你就应该努力学习。例句：例句：Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go to school.因为他生病了，所以他没有去学校。因为他生病了，所以他没有去学校。3)3)表条件状语表条件状语:例句例句:Using your head,you will find a way.=If you use your head,you will find a
11、way.动动脑筋，你就会找到方法。动动脑筋，你就会找到方法。Walking ahead,you will see a white house.=If you walk ahead,you will see a white house.往前走，你将会看见一所白色的房子。往前走，你将会看见一所白色的房子。例句：例句：Her mother died in 1990,leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990,and left her with her younger brother.她的妈妈在她的妈妈在1990年去世了，
12、留下她和她年幼的弟弟。年去世了，留下她和她年幼的弟弟。The song is sung all over the country,making it the most popular song.=The song is sung all over the country,which makes it the most popular song.整个国家都在传唱这首歌曲，使得它成为了最受欢迎的歌曲。整个国家都在传唱这首歌曲，使得它成为了最受欢迎的歌曲。4)4)表结果状语（强调自然而然的结果，通常放句末）：表结果状语（强调自然而然的结果，通常放句末）：5)5)表方式、伴随状语表方式、伴随状语例句例
13、句:He sat on the sofa,watching TV.=He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.)他坐在沙发上看电视。他坐在沙发上看电视。Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.=They laughed and talked and went into the classcroom.他们笑着聊着走进了教室。他们笑着聊着走进了教室。He stood leaning against the wall.He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。他靠墙站着。
14、Please answer the question using another way.Please answer the question in another way.-ing-ing表伴随状语表伴随状语 -ing-ing表方式状语表方式状语6)6)表让步状语表让步状语(一般翻译为一般翻译为“尽管尽管”或或“即使即使”)”)Working very hard,he didnt feel a bit tired.=Though he worked very hard,he didnt feel a bit tired.独立主格结构独立主格结构独立主格是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一
15、个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语与句子的主语不同句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。3.独立主格结构一般用逗号逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。I was waiting for the bus and a bird fell on my head.I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head6)6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格与逻辑主语构成独立主格例句例句:I waiting for the b
16、us,a bird fell on my head我等汽车时我等汽车时,一只鸟落到了我头上。一只鸟落到了我头上。All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。他们失望地离开了。Time permitting,well do another two exercises.如果时间允许如果时间允许,我们将做另外两个练习。我们将做另外两个练习。7)7)评论性状语评论性状语例句：例句：Judging from(by)his appearance,he must
17、be an actor.从外表看从外表看,他一定是个演员。他一定是个演员。Generally speaking,people like colour TV sets rather than white black ones.一般来说，相比于黑白电视机，人们更喜欢彩色电视机。一般来说，相比于黑白电视机，人们更喜欢彩色电视机。现在分词作状语的否定形式：Not+现在分词Not knowing how to find the subway,we asked a policeman for help.Not having tried his best,he failed in the exam.maki
18、ngdoingknowingcutting the branchesBeing illTurning aroundTherefore,he did very well in the exam,ranking first in his class.Seeing her husband,she struggled to stand and shouted,“Im here!”I opened the door and found all my classmates waiting for me.The little boy is running,following his father.When
19、getting along with your foreign friendss,mind your manners and remain modest and honest.cookingleavingLearninghavingEnteringThinkingfeelingbehavingSeeingreadingTextbook P18HearingworryingwantingknockingFacingReturningsmilingFeeling3.Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the
20、-ing form.Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people.As a small boy,he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor.After he graduated from medical college in 1916,Bethune worked as a doctor in England.the US,and Canad
21、a.He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them more useful.In 1938,Bethune left for China,after he heard that many people were dying in the war.Despite deciding todeciding to become become a doctora doctorafter hearing that many people were dying in the warafter hearing that
22、many people were dying in the war3.Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the-ing form.the difficult situation.Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.He helped to organise hospitals,taught doctors and nurses,and showed people how to give first aid.Sadl
23、y,Dr Bethune passed away inNovember the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang.After Dr Bethunes death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him,in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Helping to organise hosptitals,he taught Helping to organise hosptita
24、ls,he taught doctors and nurses,and showed people how to doctors and nurses,and showed people how to give fist aid.give fist aid.praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.in China.1)She was offered the _(lead)role in the new film.2)Seeing
25、the sun _(rise)above the surface of the sea,all of us began to take photos.3)As the stone was too heavy to move,I left it _(lie)on the ground.4)Havent you seen the sign,_(read)“NO PHOTOS”?Im really sorry I didnt.5)The comments which he made _(concern)marketing bothered his boss greatly.1.Fill in the
26、 blanks with the correct form of each given word.leading rising lying reading concerning 1)I cant imagine Billy _ a motorbike.2)Did you hear someone downstairs _ at the door?3)Frank is very good at telling funny jokes.He can be very_.4)You cant stop me _ what I want.5)You may find it _ that he made
27、progress in such a short time.6)Most people consider it _ that it keeps raining for a whole week.7)When I came out of the theatre,I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street.2.Complete the sentences with the words from the box.astonish,depress,play,do,ride,amuse,knockriding
28、knockingamusingdoingastonishingdepressingplaying1)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked2)The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry outB C 3.Choose the
29、 correct answers.3)I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed4)When we got back from the cinema,we found the lamp _ but the door _.A.being on;shut B.burning;shutting C.burning;shut D.on;shuttingC C 5)There was a terrible noise _ th
30、e sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed6)Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door.A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.to wait7)The _ waiter came up to us and said,“You are welcome.”A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.to smileB A A 8)The result of the test was ra
31、ther _.A.disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.disappoint9)People _ in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A.live B.to live C.lived D.living10)The librarys study room is full of students _ for the exam.A.busily prepared B.busy preparing C.busily prepare D.are busily preparingB D B Thank you!
