1、人教版（人教版（2019）选择性必修四）选择性必修四Unit 3 Sea ExplorationLearning About LanguageBuild up your vocabularyComplete the passage using the words from the text.There are many t_ and legends about how seamen explored the oceans in the past.But how many of them are reliable?The fact is that they needed multiple way
2、s to keep safe after s_ sail.1.Using nature to help is the first and most useful form of exploration.This includes the North Star,Sun and clouds.2.Using the weather.Experienced captains could see the b_ between weather and dangers.Either they withdrew the fleets or e_ their voyage.3.Using the sea.Sk
3、illful sailors could use tides and currents to carry ships back to the shore or pass through narrow c_.These skills helped seamen explore the seas and discovered new lands.They needed not only the instruments but also courage and luck.alesettingondsxtendedhannelsWrite down the word that matches each
4、 definition.Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.1 an imaginary story or an exciting description of an event2 related to the king or queen of a country3 to reach an agreement by discussion4 to stop taking part in an activity5 to make something longer or larger6 a connection bet
5、ween people7 a level of quality,ability,etc.8 a deep passage of water used as a route for shipstaleroyalnegotiatewithdrawextendbondleaguechanneln.adj.v.v.v.n.n.n.1.taleMarco Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.2.royalAfrican royal families sent gifts su
6、ch as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold,silk,and spices.3.negotiateHere,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,which also led to more awareness of each others cultures.马可波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。在这里，来自中国和其他许多
7、地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。Write down the word that matches each definition.Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.4.withdraw channelAlthough China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centu
8、ries.5.extendA trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,centred around Ceylon(now Sri Lanka).6.bondThe aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of th
9、e world.尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。7.leagueThese fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。Choose the appropriate words from the box to comp
10、lete the following sentences.tale royal negotiate withdraw extend bond league channel1 Their common experience created a strong between them.2 As a major figure in British politics,Churchill was in a of his own.3 The deadline has been by two days.4 Im reading a book about folk and ancient legends.bo
11、ndleagueextendedtalesComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.a sight to beholdin handwithdraw fromin return1 Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything .2 Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean,whose
12、 rocky coastline and long golden beaches were .3 The tennis player several tournaments due to injury.4 With lots of food and drink ,they set off for their picnic.in returna sight to beholdwithdrew fromin handfind ones wayboredomreach out across the seaset sailform the foundationtalemotivateComplete
13、the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.Then answer the questions.In 1519,Ferdinand Magellan,a Portuguese adventurer,made the first voyage around the world.On 14 June 2008,nearly 500 years later,a 16-year-old American boy,Zac Sunderland,on a similar journey.After 13 months,h
14、e returned with a new world record:the youngest person ever to sail around the world.Zac grew up on a boat and learnt how to sail when he was four,which of his success.As a child,Zac read a book about Robin Lee Graham who had sailed around the world alone as a teenager in 1965.Zac was greatly inspir
15、ed by Grahams .After his 16th birthday,Zac started making plans for his journey.Using his own money,Zac bought a boat and set off.set sailformed the foundationtale is often a mixture of danger and .Zac had to through heavy storms and get by on little sleep on his journey.It was boring to stay on a b
16、oat all day,so Zac read lots of books!He also emailed his family using his laptop,telling them about his experiences around the world.When the journey ended,Zacs adventure received widespread media coverage.At his press conference,he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true.In h
17、is opinion,theres so much that people can achieve with the right and ambition.Just go for it!Reaching out across the seaboredomfind his waymotivationWhat problems did Zac meet in his journey?What made Zacs journey successful?Compared to the great voyages in history,is Zacs voyage meaningful?Why?Ferd
18、inand MagellanFerdinand Magellan(1480-1521)was born in Portugal.In 1505,he set sail for India.He stayed in Asia for about eight years,taking part in the conquest of the city of Malacca,Malaysia.After returning to Portugal,he found that no one wanted to employ him,so he offered his services to the ki
19、ng of Spain,setting out an ambitious plan to reach the Spice Islands of Indonesia by sailing west instead of eastsomething which had never been done before.He left Spain in 1519 with five ships and 265 men.In this harsh journey,all but one of the ships was lost and most of the men died.Magellan hims
20、elf was killed in a fight with the natives in the Philippines in 1521.Finally,in 1522,one of the ships was able to return to Spain with less than twenty men aboard.Build up your vocabularyPhrases 短语短语I.英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为：II.英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如：名词短语名词短语 （noun phras
21、e）动词短语动词短语（verb phrase）形容词短语形容词短语（adjective phrase）副词短语副词短语（adverb phrase）介词短语介词短语 （proposition phrase）名词短语与名词功能相似，在句子中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要是充当定语、状语、补语。例如：Most of the boys in my class like playing football.在这个句子中，most of the boys是名词短语，in my class是介词短语，like playing football是动词短语。Phrases 短语短语III.短语动词（phras
22、al verbs）是一种固定的词组，一般由动词加介词或副词构成。常用的短语动词有以下几类：动词副词。如：动词副词。如：look out,take off,stay up动词介词。如：动词介词。如：look into,attend to,appeal to动词副词介词。如：动词副词介词。如：get along with,catch up with,do away with动词名词介词。如：动词名词介词。如：take part in,take care of,pay attention toWhat are the part of speeches of the given words and p
23、hrases?tale _motivate _boredom _set sail _in hand _in return _find ones way _withdraw from _a sight to behold _form the foundation _reach out across the sea _n.v.n.verb phrasepreposition phrasepreposition phraseverb phraseverb phrasenoun phraseverb phraseverb phraseInfinitives 动词不定式动词不定式I.动词不定式的形式与功
24、能动词不定式的形式与功能 不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成。不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性，可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。句法功能上，动词不定式（短语）与名词、形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补等成分。（1）作主语：作主语：To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。Its very important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很重要的。（it作形式主语）（2）作表语：）作表语：The most impo
25、rtant thing for a doctor is to heal the wounded and save the dying.医生最重要的职责是救死扶伤。The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.这一倡议旨在促进具有历史意义的丝绸之路周边地区的合作与贸易。（3）作宾语：）作宾语：Would you like to watch a football game with me?你愿意跟我去看足球赛吗？He finds it very
26、 difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.他发现长时间单足站立很困难。（it作形式宾语）（4）作定语（通常位于所修饰的词之后）：）作定语（通常位于所修饰的词之后）：He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。We are very busy and we all have a lot of work to do on weekends.我们都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in ord
27、er to understand climate change and its effects.为了解气候变化及其影响，北极研究迫在眉睫。（5）作状语：）作状语：Many people rush to the new city to look for job opportunities.很多人涌入这个新城市来寻找就业机会。A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.几年后他回到家乡发现那里发生了很大变化。（6）作宾补：）作宾补：She often helps her mother(to
28、)do some housework on weekends.周末她经常帮妈妈做家务。Miss Li advised us to read some English novels during the summer holiday.李老师建议我们暑假读些英语小说。Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.马可波罗的故事启发了欧洲探险家寻找由西方通往东方的海上航线。说明：说明：某些动词后用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语，但当整个句子变为被动结构时，不定式要加to。
29、如：The boss made the workers work long hours.The workers were made to work long hours.I saw you climb through the window.You were seen to climb through the window.II.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态 （1）不定式常见时态有三种：一般时一般时进行时进行时完成时完成时to doto be doingto have done在不同的句子中，我们需要根据不定式动作时间与句子谓语时间的关系来选择不同时态。如：When we arr
30、ived at the riverside,they seemed to be cooking something on the fire.当我们到达河边时，他们好像在用火烤东西吃。I am sorry to have kept you waiting.抱歉让你久等了。She seems to have read the book before.她好像以前读过这本书。The Dutch may have been the first Europeans to have explored Australia.荷兰人可能是最早到澳大利亚探险的欧洲人。（2）当句子中的不定式与其所关联的名词在语义上有
31、被动关系时，不定式用被动语态。如：It was impossible for lost time to be made up.Can you tell me which car is to be repaired?I wish to be sent to work in the western region.There were so many passengers who needed to be transferred.Its a great honour for me to be invited to Marys birthday party.Find all the sentences
32、 containing infinitives in the reading passage.Then mark their functions.1 As the subject(S)2 As the predicative(P)3 As the object(O)4 As the object complement(OC)5 As the attributive(Attr)6 As the adverbial(Ad)SOCAdSPOAttrOAttrAttrAttrAdAttrAttrOCJoin the words to make sentences using infinitives.T
33、hen decide the function of each infinitive.EXAMPLEIt is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer.(S)1 He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competitionHe encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition.(OC)2 The storm/seems/be getting closerThe storm see
34、ms to be getting closer.(P)3 Magellan/was the first person/sail around the worldMagellan was the first person to sail around the world.(Attr)4 The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.(O)5 T
35、he crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research workThe crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(Ad)6 It is a good idea /tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them lessIt is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less.(Attr)
36、7 The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwaterThe Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater.(O;O)8 It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can workIt remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work.(O)Read the beginning of The Littl
37、e Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.What do you think happens next?Far out in the ocean,where the water is as clear as glass,lives the Sea King.The ocean is too deep _(measure).We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea,but actually
38、 it is not rare _(see)the most unique flowers and plants _(dance)in the fast-moving water.In the to seeto measuredancingdeepest spot of all stands the Sea Kings castle,which has walls of coral and a roof _(form)of beautiful shells.The mother of the king,a wise woman who is proud _(be)born into the r
39、oyal family,takes care of his six daughters.Among the six sea-princesses,the to have been formedyoungest is the prettiest.Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea,she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.The most common way for the princesses _
40、(play)all day long is _(swim)in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls,feeding and touching the fish _(swim)up to their hands through the windows.They seem _(not worry)about anything,except for the youngest,who.to playswimming/to swimswimmingnot to worryWhat do you thi
41、nk happens next?Suggested Answer.who wants to see what life is like on land.She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship.It travels toward her at great speed and terrifies her.She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship.She now realises that
42、 it is a scary world outside of the ocean,and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.politicsn._professionn._tournamentn._mixturen._laptopn._ coveragen._press conferencen._政治；政治观点混合；结合体；混合物职业；行业笔记本电脑；便携式电脑新闻报道；覆盖范围记者招待会；新闻发布会锦标赛；联赛applaudvt.&vi._ vt._taxvt._ n._mannedadj._subm
43、ersiblen._ underwateradv._ adj._capsulen._coraln._鼓掌税；税款称赞；赞赏有人控制的；需人操纵的潜水器；可潜船在水下对征税；使纳税在水下胶囊；太空舱珊瑚politics1.n.the activities involved in getting and using power in public life,and being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a society 政治；政治事务（或活动）party politics 党派政治 local politics 地方
44、政治活动 Hes thinking of going into politics.他打算步入政坛。a major figure in British politics 英国政坛的风云人物politics2.n.matters concerned with getting or using power within a particular group or organization 权术；勾心斗角 I dont want to get involved in office politics.我不想卷入办公室的政治。the internal politics of the legal profe
45、ssion 法律界内部的勾心斗角 sexual politics 两性间的权势之争3.n.pl.a persons political views or beliefs（个人的）政治观点，政见，政治信仰 His politics are extreme.他的政治观点偏激。profession1.n.a type of job that needs special training or skill,especially one that needs a high level of education（需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的某一）行业，职业 the medical/legal/te
46、aching,etc.profession 医疗、法律、教学等专业 to enter/go into/join a profession 从事/加入/参加一个行业 the caring professions(=that involve looking after people)护理行业 He was an electrician by profession.他的职业是电工。profession2.n.the profession all the people who work in a particular type of profession（某）职业界；业内人士；同业；同行；同人 The
47、 legal profession has/have always resisted change.法律界向来抵制变革。3.n.the professions pl.the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training,such as being a doctor or a lawyer（统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业 employment in industry and the professions 实业界与专业界的工作applaud1.n.to show your approval of sb/sth
48、 by clapping your hands 鼓掌 He started to applaud and the others joined in.他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。They rose to applaud the speaker.他们起立向演讲者鼓掌。She was applauded as she came on stage.她上台时人们向她鼓掌。2.n.sb/sth(for sth)to express praise for sb/sth because you approve of them or it 称赞；赞许；赞赏 We applaud her decision.
49、我们称赞她的决定。I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.我赞赏她敢于拒绝。tax1.n.(on sth)money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services.People pay tax according to their income and businesses pay tax according to their profits.Tax is also often paid on goods and services.
50、税；税款 to raise/cut taxes 增加/削减税收 tax increases/cuts 税款的增加/削减 changes in tax rates 税率的变化 to pay over 1 000 in tax 缴纳1 000多英镑的税款 profits before/after tax 税前/税后利润 a tax on cigarettes 香烟税tax2.vt.to put a tax on sb/sth;to make sb pay tax 对征税；课税；使纳税 Any interest payments are taxed as part of your income.利息
