1、专题7中考新导引复习讲义形容词和副词形容词在句中的主要用法形容词在句中的主要用法（1）作定语 Mr Green is a friendly teacher.（2）作表语I like action movies,because they are exciting.形容词可放在系动词后作表语，常见的系动词有：be,sound,look,seem,taste,smell,feel,become,get,turn,stay,keep，remain等。例如：He looks sad.The food tastes delicious.How happy they are feeling!If you a
2、re late again,your boss will become angry.形容词在句中的主要用法形容词在句中的主要用法（3）作宾补Rainy days often make me sad.Doing sports keeps us healthy.At first,I found the subject difficult.（4）作状语（仅作理解要求）We came back from the trip,tired but excited.大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语。有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如:alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,unab
3、le等。例如：The old man was alone.The alone man doesnt feel happy.副词在句中的主要用法副词在句中的主要用法（1）作状语副词主要用作状语，可以修饰行为动词、形容词、副词，有时也修饰整个句子。例如：He learns hard.（修饰动词learn）Im truly sorry for it.（修饰形容词sorry）Lucy sings quite well.（修饰副词well）Suddenly,it started to rain hard.（修饰整个句子）（2）作表语少数副词可以作表语。例如：When will you be back?T
4、om has been away for several days.Jim is not here.He is out on business.副词在句中的主要用法副词在句中的主要用法（3）作定语少数副词也可以作定语。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.(后置定语，修饰way)The classmates here are all very kind of to me.(后置定语，修饰classmates)They are mostly teachers.(前置定语，修饰teachers)He is probably a policema
5、n.(前置定语，修饰policeman)副词在句中的位置副词在句中的位置(1)副词在句中位置很灵活，有些副词放在不同位置均可。例如：Probably I will live in Beijing.I will probably live in Beijing.I probably will live in Beijing.I will live in Beijing probably.(2)多数副词都可以放在动词后，如果是及物动词，一般放在宾语后面。例如：He learns hard.He learns math hard.有些表示位置的副词（如on,out,down,up,in,away等）
6、常可以搁在动词与宾语之间，但若宾语是一个人称代词，就不能这样做。例如：turn on the light=turn the light on look up the words=look the words up但是：turn on it turn it on look up them look up them副词在句中的位置副词在句中的位置(3)频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,seldom,never等通常放在动词前面,但若句子中有情态动词、助动词或系动词be,则放在这类动词（第一个）的后面。例如：They often get up ear
7、ly to run.Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents.loften,sometimes等副词还可以放在句末。例如：Does she come here often?Such things do happen sometimes.lusually,sometimes等副词还可以放在句首。例如：Usually we dont go out in such weather.Sometimes he goes to work by subway.能放在句首的副词还有 probably,perhaps,sudd
8、enly,certainly,first,secondly,finally等。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成(1)单音节形容词和副词常以加-er,-est的方式构成比较级和最高级。构成的方式如下：一般在词尾加-er和-est。例如：tall taller tallest fast faster fastest 以字母e结尾的，在词尾加-r和-st。例如：fine finer finest late later latest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er和-est。例如：big bigger biggest thin th
9、inner thinnest 有少数单音节词,如fun,glad,pleased等，在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如：fun more fun most fun形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成(2)双音节词有以加-er,-est的方式构成比较级和最高级，也有以词前加more和most的方式构成比较级和最高级。构成的方式如下：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加-er和-est。例如：easy easier easiest pretty prettier prettiestbusy busier busiest early ear
10、lier earliest 注意：quickly,slowly,loudly,clearly等加后缀-ly构成的双音节，以词前加more和most的方式构成比较级和最高级。friendly,lively可以加-er和-est,也可以在词前加more和most。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成以-er,-ow等结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est。以-le,-te等结尾的双音节词，加-r和-st。例如：clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest simple simpler simplest polit
11、e politer politest quiet quieter quietest common commoner commonest 部分双音节词在词前加more和most。例如：useful more useful most useful careful more careful most carefulactive more active most active boring more boring most boringtired more tired most tired形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成(3)多音节词在词前加more或most。例如
12、：beautiful more beautiful most beautiful comfortably more comfortably most comfortably(4)不规则变化good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worstmany/much more most little less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成older和elder均可以表示“年纪较大
13、的”意思：elder 用于比较两个人的长幼，尤其是用于表示兄弟姐妹的关系上，不能与than连用构成比较级，在句中作定语，只用来修饰人。older可用于比较两者之间的年龄，可与than构成比较级，在句中作表语和定语。在美国英语里，不论指“老、旧”或“长、幼”，皆用older和oldest。My elder/older brother is a soldier.Rose is two years older than Betty.farther与further也有区别。farther表示“更远”，further常用于引伸意义，表示“更进一步”。例如：Guangzhou is farther fro
14、m Beijing than Wuhan.If you need further help,just write to us.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级表示两者（人或事物）的比较，通常用一个由连词than引起的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。若than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。例如：Im more outgoing than my sister(is).You know more about yourself than I(do).在以more构成的比较级中，
15、可以用less 代替more，表示“更不”的意思。例如：Linda is less hard-working than Jeff.=Jeff is more hard-working than Linda.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法比较级可以用much,a little,still,a lot,far,even,any等修饰。例如：Im feeling a little better now.The book is much less interesting than that one.表示“一方比另一方多几倍”时，可以用“times+比较级”结构。例
16、如：The river is many times longer than that one.表示“越.就越”时，可用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。例如：The more he said,the happier he felt.The earlier kids learn to do chores,the better it is for their future.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法more and more结构可表示“越来越”,但如果比较级不是以more构成，则用“比较级+and+比较级”。例如：The story gets mor
17、e and more exciting.The patient is becoming healthier and healthier.more than常用于数词前，表示“超过”。例如：More than 800 people attended the concert.less than 常表示“不到”或“不太”。例如：I bought it for less than a dollar.The boys were less than happy about having a party.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(2)最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或
18、事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个，后面可用 of(in)短语等来说明比较的范围。形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省去。例如：Screen City is the best cinema in town.My cousin Li Jing is the funniest person I know.Who sings(the)most beautifully of the three?作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别的人（物、事）比较，可以不加the。例如：It is best not to run away from our problems.
19、如果形容词前的most=very,表示“非常”，可以在most 前加a或不加冠词。例如：Its a most exciting game.He has been most kind to me.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(3)表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as+形容词或副词原形+as”的句型。例如：I think science is as important as math.Tom runs as fast as Jack.表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原形+as”的句型。例如：It is not as/so w
20、arm today as yesterday.He didnt come as/so early as Wang Lin.写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式1.long _ _ 2.few _ _3.nice _ _ 4.late _ _5.large _ _ 6.big _ _7.hot _ _ 8.fat _ _9.thin _ _ 10.bad _ _11.clever _ _ 12.heavy_ _ 13.early _ _ 14.quickly_ _ 15.slowly _ _ 16.loudly_ _17.badly _ _ 18.us
21、eful _ _19.popular _ _ 20.beautifully _ _21.good/well_ _ 22.little _ _23.old _ _ 24.far _ _longer longestfewer fewestnicer nicestlater latestlarger largestbigger biggesthotter hottestfatter fattestthinner thinnestworse worstcleverer cleverestheavier heaviestearlier earliestmore quickly most quicklym
22、ore slowly most slowlymore loudly most loudlyworse worstmore useful most usefulmore popular most popularmore beautifully most beautifullybetter best less leastolder/elder oldest/eldestfarther/further farthest/furthest选词填空。选词填空。1.The park looks very _(beautiful,beautifully).2.You can buy the clothes
23、_(cheap,cheaply).3.Im _(true,truly)sorry for what I have done.4.The bad news made all of us _(sad,sadly).5.Lin Tao can speak _(good,well)English.6.Im afraid I will get to school _(late,lately).7.How _(happy,happily)we were playing at that time!beautifulcheaplytrulysadgoodlatehappily8.I tried the foo
24、d but tasted _(terrible,terribly).9._(Lucky,Luckily),I caught the early bus and got to school on time.10.The teacher got_(angry,angrily)because the boy had made a _(loud,loudly)noise.11.I cant hear _(clear,clearly).Could you speak more _(careful,carefully)?12.The question is_(easy,easily).I think I
25、can work it out_(quick,quickly).terribleLuckilyangryloudclearlycarefullyeasyquickly选词填空。选词填空。用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。1.My sister likes talking.She is _(outgoing)than me.2.The red coat is not as _(cheap)as the black one.3.Tom is good at running.He runs much _(quickly)than me.4.The _(early)k
26、ids learn to be independent,the _(good)it is for their future.5.Lucys hair is short,but Lilys hair is very _(long).more outgoingcheapmore quicklyearlierbetterlong用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。6.Look!Jack is running _(fast)and_(fast).7.Eric got bad grades last term,but Bob got even_(bad).8.Which
27、is _(near)to the earth,the sun or the moon?9.Of all the boys,who runs _(quickly)?10.Frank is the second _(tall)student in his class.fasterfasterworsenearer(the)most quicklytallest用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。11.The Caspian Sea is _(deep)in the world.12.Which do you think is _(useful),math,science or English?13.Anna sings _(loudly)than any other singer in the competition.14.Jim is one of the _(good)students in our school.15.Tom is a good student,and he always does his homework _(careful)in our class.the deepestthe most usefulmore loudlybest(the)most carefully
