1、人教版八年级下册英语Unit5知识点总结一、语法知识点A部分知识点1过去进行时 去进行时的构成及用法过去进行时由“助动词(was/were)+动词-ing”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用过去的时间状语来表示。如：then, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 10:00 yesterday morning, all right以及when/while从句等。 表示过去时间点正在进行的动作。此时常伴明确的过去时间点等。eg：She was reading a book at this
2、time yesterday. 昨天这个时候她正在看书。（过去时间点正在进行的动作）I was watching TV then. 那时我正在看电视。（过去时间点正在进行的动作） 表示过去的某个阶段持续的动作。eg：She was watching TV when the phone rang.（过去一段时间内持续的动作）她正在看电视，这时电话铃响了。 表示这一阶段反复发生的动作，带有褒贬感情色彩。此时常伴有频度副词always等。eg：The girl was always changing her mind.（过去反复发生的动作，带有感情色彩）这个女孩老是改变主意。 表示过去动作延迟到以后
3、发生，即用过去进行表过去将来，此类动词是一些位置的变化的词。eg：He told me that he was going soon.（过去进行表将来）他告诉我他很快就要走了。 过去进行时的一般疑问句句型：Be（Was/Were）+主语+现在分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(was/were).否定回答：No,主语+be(was/were) not.eg：-Were you cooking at that time? 那时，你在做饭吗？ -Yes, I were.是的。/No,I werent. 不，我没有做饭。 -Was he singing then? 那时他正在唱歌吗？ -Yes
4、, he was. 是的。 -No,he wasnt. 不，他那时没在唱歌。 -Were you listening to music last night? 昨天晚上你在听音乐吗？ -Yes, I were. 是的。 -No,I were not. 不，我没有在听音乐。 过去进行时的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+be（was/were）+主语+现在分词+其他?eg：What was he doing when I called you? 我给你打电话时他在做什么？What was he doing at the time of the fire yesterday? 昨天起火时，他在做什么呢？He
5、 was studying at the library then? 那时他正在图书馆学习。When were you dancing yesterday? 你（们）昨天什么时候在跳舞？I was/We were dancing at ten last night. 昨天晚上10点钟我（们）在跳舞。 现在分词变化形式（+ing）（直 去 双 少）变化规则例词一般情况下直接加-ing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后再加少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing注意：以y结尾的动词变为现在分词时，y不变，直接加上-i
6、ng。eg：playplaying studystudying flyflying2at the time of at the time of 为固定短语，意为“在时候”。eg：What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? 昨天暴风雨时人们 在做什么？ He lived at the time of the Second World War. 他生活在第二次世界大战时期。3begin与startstart与begin表示“开始”时是同义词，二者通常可以互换，其后均既可接动词不定式，也可接v.-ing形式，在意义上无
7、差别。at the beginning of意为“在开始”eg：He sat down at the desk and began to write. 他在桌子前坐下就开始写了起来。 She began learning English at the age of 8. 她8岁开始学英语。 当start或begin用于进行时态时，其后只能接动词不定式。eg：They are starting/beginning to learn English.他们开始学英语。 当start或begin后面的宾语是表示心理活动的动词，如feel, know, understand等时，其后只能接动词不定式。e
8、g：She started/began to understand it. 她开始明白这件事。4miss的用法 miss作及物动词，意为“没赶上；错过”。eg：I ran to the bus stop but I still missed the bus. 我跑到公共汽车站，但还是没赶上公共汽车。 Hurry up, or you will miss your train. 快点儿，要不你就赶不上火车了。She was upset at missing all the excitements. 错过了所有精彩之处，她很失望。 miss作及物动词，意为“想念；思念”。eg：I miss my
9、family very much. 我非常想念我的家人。 miss作及物动词，意为“缺（课）”。eg：The boy often missed classes last term. 那个男孩儿上学期经常缺课。5when与while作从属连词when作从属连词，意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词既可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词；谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间可以与主句谓语动词表示的动作是同时、之前或之后。while作从属连词，意为“当的时候，在期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续
10、时间一般较长。eg：when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing? So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.因此在你睡觉的时候，我打电话给珍妮，她帮了我。My mother was cooking supper when I got home.当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在 做晚饭。She began to play the piano when she was five years old.He stopped his car when he saw m
11、e. 当他看到我的时候，他把车停了下来。He fell asleep while he was listening to music. 他在听音乐时睡着了。While we were talking, he came in. 我们在谈话时，他进来了。6pick up的用法pick up为“动词+副词”型短语，意为“接电话”，相当于pick up the phone；pick up还可意为“捡起；接（某人）”。eg：I called at seven and you didnt pick up. 我7点钟打电话，你没有接。The phone is ringing. Could you pleas
12、e pick up for me? 电话响了。请你帮我接一下好吗？My ruler is under your desk. Please pick it up for me.我的尺子在你的桌子底下。请帮我捡起来。Can you pick me up at the airport? 你能到机场接我吗？7too，also，either与as welltoo一般用于肯定句或疑问句末，意为“也”，并用逗号隔开。as well一般用于肯定句或疑问句末，意为“也”，不用逗号隔开。also用于肯定句中，常位于系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前，意为“也”either一般用于否定句句末，意为“也（不）
13、”eg：I called again at eight and you didnt answer then, either. 我8点钟又打电话，你那时也没接。 Mary didnt come to school yesterday, either. 玛丽昨天也没来学校。She speaks English and she also speaks French.她说英语，也说法语。Are you going to work, too?你也去上班吗？He has to go as well. 他也得去。8light的用法 light作不可数名词，意为“光；光亮；光线”。eg：With no lig
14、ht outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有光亮，感觉像是半夜一样。 He read the letter by the light of the candle. 他在烛光下读那封信。 light作形容词，意为“轻的；浅色的”。eg：Is the box heavy or light? 那个箱子是重的还是轻的？ You look nice in light colors.你穿浅色很好看。 light(lit/lighted)作动词，意为“点燃；照亮”eg：I couldnt get the candles to light. 我点不着蜡烛。9outside的用
15、法outside由“out + side”构成，outside可用作形容词，副词，介词和名词。具体如下： 形容词adj. 外部的，室外的，外面的；外表的eg：The outside parts of some fruits are not good to eat. 有些水果的外部不好吃。 The outside walls are damp. 外墙潮湿。 介词prep. 向外面，在外面。eg：Outside the house there was a notice saying “For Sale”. 房子外面有一张告示，上面写着“出售”。 You can park your car outs
16、ide our house . 你可以把车停在我们家外面。 名词n. 外表，外部，外界，外围。eg：The outside of an orange is bitter, but the inside is sweet. 橘子的外表是苦的，但里面是甜的。 The outside of the house needs painting. 房子的外面需要油漆一下。 副词 adv“在外面。外面地，向外面”反义词inside意为“在室内，在里面”。eg：The box was red outside and green inside. 盒子外面是红色的，里面是绿色的。Listen to music o
17、utside. 在外面听音乐Go outside and see if its raining. 去外边看看是否在下雨。 out of 表示“从里面岀来”，是介词短语，着重从里到外的动作，在句中运用时，out of后要跟名词，代词等宾语，其反义词是into，多用于一些动词之后。eg：Dont look out of the window. 别往窗外看。10wood的用法wood作不可数名词，意为“木；木头；木材”。a piece of wood意为“一块木头”。wood作可数名词，意为“树林”，常用复数形式。eg：Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over
18、 the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. 本的爸爸正在把几块木板钉在窗户上，而他妈妈正在确认手电筒和收音机都能正常使用。Her house was made of wood.她家的房子是木头建的。He put some wood in the fire. 他往火里添了些木柴。She is afraid to walk through the woods at night.她害怕晚上经过那片树林。11make sure的用法make sure意为“确保;查明，常用于祈使句中
19、，表示请求或要求对方按照要求做某事，其后可接that引导的宾语从句或of短语。eg：Make sure (that) you pick us up at five oclock. 你要确保在5点钟来接我们。We made sure of our seats for the movie. 我们订好电影院的座位了。Just make sure you try your best. 只要确保你尽力了就行。12beat，hit与strikebeat(beat，beaten) 作不及物动词，意为“敲打；(多次或连续)撞击，拍打；(心脏、脉搏等)跳动”。beat作及物动词，意为“打；敲；打败”。eg：Be
20、n was helping his mom make dinner When the rain began to beat heavily against windows. 当雨开始猛烈地敲打窗户时，本在帮助妈妈做晚饭。The rain is beating heavily against the window. 雨在猛击窗户。Jennifers heart was beating fast. 珍妮弗的心跳得很快。Whos beating the drum? 谁在敲鼓?We beat them by 10:4.我们以10比4打败了他们。beat指连贯地打hit侧重指“击中”，有时也指“打一下”
21、strike常指“猛地一击”13against的用法against作介词，此处意为“碰；撞；倚；靠”。against作介词，还可意为“反对；违反”。eg：The rain beat against the car windscreen.雨打在汽车挡风玻璃上。Put the piano there, with its back against the wall. 把钢琴放在那里，背靠着墙。He leaned against the tree. 他靠着树。They are against the plan. 他们反对这个计划。14try的用法try作及物动词，意为“试图；努力”。后面常接名词、代词
22、或动名词。try to do sth.“尽力/设法做某事”，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完成。try doing sth.“尝试做某事”，表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。eg：After dinner, they tried to play a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. 晚饭后，他们原本想打一下牌，但外面的暴风雨太大了，太难有心情打牌了。I tried calling him, but no one answered. 我
23、试着给他打电话了，但没有人接听。Im trying to learn maths well. 我正尽力把数学学好。 try也可用作不及物动词，意为“尝试；努力”。try on“试穿”；try out“试验”。eg：I dont think I can do it, but Ill try. 我认为我不能做这件事,但是我要尝试一下。 try用作名词，意为“尝试”，常用于短语have a try意为“试一试”。eg：Im going to have a try. 我打算试一试。15fall asleepfall asleep为固定短语，意为“进入梦乡，睡着。”eg：He finally fell
24、asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.在大约凌晨3点风正逐渐变弱时他终于睡着了。She was very tired so she fell asleep soon. 她很累，因此很快就睡着了。16die downdie down为固定短语，意为“逐渐变弱；逐渐消失”。eg：He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.在大约凌晨3点风正逐渐变弱时他终于睡着了。The loud music died down after the
25、 police came.警察来了之后，吵闹的音乐声逐渐变弱了。Dont worry. The gossip will soon die down. 别担心。流言蜚语不久就会平息。17wake upwake up 意为“醒来；睡醒”。wake sb. up意为“把某人弄醒”。wake up是“动词+副词”型短语，后接名词作宾语时，名词可放在wake与up之间或up的后面；后接人称代词作宾语时，应将人称代词放在wake与up之间。eg：When he woke up, the sun was rising. 当他醒来时，太阳正在升起。Lucy wakes up at six o clock ev
26、ery morning 露西每天早上6点钟醒来。His mother often wakes him up at 5:00 in the morning.他妈妈经常早上5点钟把他叫醒。scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are. 科学家詹姆斯怀特认为机器人将永远不能醒来并知道它们在哪里。18rise与raiserise (rose，risen)作不及物动词，意为“上升；升起”。rise“升起；提高；增加”作不及物动词，主语常为物raise“升起；提高
27、；增加”作及物动词，主语常为人eg：The river rose yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午河水上涨了。The moon was rising when I went home. 我 回家时，月亮正在升起。Please raise your hands! 请举起手！raise a flag 升旗raise a stone 搬石头19leave的用法 leave及物动词，意为“离开”，强调的是“从原来的地方离开”，leave后可以直接接地点名词作宾语。“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。 leave用作不及物动词时，常与介词for连用，表示“出发去(某地)”，只表示方向
28、，而不涉及到达与否。“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”，地点指目的地。 “leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。 “leave sth +地点”指的是把某物落在某处，切记不能用forget。eg：Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. 许多学生和村民从未离开过村庄。When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？Next Friday. Alice is leaving for London. 下周五。爱丽丝要去伦敦了。Why are you leavi
29、ng Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？She left her book at home yesterday. 她昨天把书忘在家里了。20breakapartbreakapart意为“把打断；把分开”eg：Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together. 虽然这场暴风雨破坏了许多东西，但是它把家人和邻居们的距离拉得更近了。The strong wind broke the branches apart. 强风把树枝折断
30、了。Rumors broke the two close friends apart. 谣言把两个亲密的朋友分开了。21icy的用法ice作名词“冰”icy形容词，意为“结满冰的；冰冷的；冷淡的”eg：The roads were icy because of the heavy snow from the night before?因为前一天晚上的大雪，道路结冰了？Its not easy to walk on the icy roads. 在结满冰的路面上行走不容易。Because of the icy street, they cant drive the car. 因为街上结满了冰，他们不能开车。 英语中，一些与天气有关的名词，加后缀可构成相应的形容词。frost霜frosty 结霜的cloud云cloudy多云的rain雨rainy下雨的snow雪snowy下雪的wind风windy有风的sun太阳sunny晴朗的第 15 页 共 15 页
