1、高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、动词和动词短语【知识要点】1、只能后接-to do不定式，不能后接-ing的动词有：offer（提出）, learn（学会）, plan（计划）, ask, demand（要求）, promise, agree（答应）, help（帮助）, prepare（准备）, decide, choose, determine（决定）, refuse（拒绝）, dare（敢于）, manage（设法）, wish, hope, expect（希望, 想要）, fail（未能做到）, pretend（假装）, set out（开始着手做某事）等。2、只能后接-ing分词，不能
2、后接-to do不定式的动词有：mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏）, appreciate（感激, 欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢, 厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗, 抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝, 否认）, consider（考虑）, admit (to)（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手
3、做）, give way to（让位于）, keep to（坚持、遵守）, lead to （导致）, take to（从事）, turn to（求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to（注意、处理）, set about, be used to（习惯于）, devote oneself to（献身于）, be equal to（胜任的、等于）, be familiar to（为熟悉）。3、既能后接-ing分词，又能后接-to do不定式的动词：（1）后接-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义一样的动词：begin, start。（2）后接
4、-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义不一样的动词：remember, forget, regret, mean, try, consider, cant help, look forward, stop, go on, continue。4、不能用于被动的动词有：happen, take place, occur, break out, be to blame for, consist of。5、不能用于进行的动词有：（1）所有表示“起来”的系动词：feel, taste, touch, sound, seem, appear（2）所有的感官动词：see, hear, find, noti
5、ce, watch（3）contain, have on（4）think（认为）, consider（认为）6、既不能用于被动，也不能用于进行的动词有：belong to, date back to, date from。7、后接-ing分词，主动形式表示被动意义的动词：need, require, deserve。8、不能后接sb.to do的动词：afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, suggest, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepa
6、re, refuse, pretend, seem, set out（开始着手做某事）。9、后接sb.of sth.的动词：remind, convince, rob, warn, inform, cure, suspect, accuse。10、后接副词作表语，表示状态或特征；或强调状态时不用被动的动词：say, write, read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, start, shut。11、表示“计划、打算”的动词的过去完成时态可以表示“过去没有实现的愿望或打算”：plan, mean。【练习】单句语法填空1.The pen writes
7、 _ (smooth).2.All the passengers must remain _ (seat) until the bus has stopped completely.3.Remember _ (turn) off the lights before you leave.4.Do you remember _ (see) me before? 5.We have been reading books for ten minutes.Lets stop _ (have) a rest.6.Having finished the exercises, we went on _ (le
8、arn) the new words in the unit.7.After a short rest，they went on _ (work). 8.He stopped _ (talk) when the bell rang. 9.While working, he stopped _ (talk) to with Tom at times.10.I try not _ (think) about that. 11.Would you please try _ (do) that again? 12.I mean _ (change) it for another one. 13.Mis
9、sing the train means _ (wait) for another hour.14.Please permit me _ (say) a few words.15.We dont permit _ (smoke) here. 16.These group of people are those who arent allowed _ (enter) the room17.The room needs _ (clean). 18.The book deserves _ (read).19.I prefer _ (walk) to school every day. 20.I pr
10、efer _ (stay) at home today. 21.We began _ (do) that job last year. 22.When the teacher came into the room，he was starting _ (write) to his parents.23.Hearing the news，he started _ (think) of a good way to solve the problem.24.We were about to leave when it began _ (rain).25.I am so busy these days，
11、so I cant help _ (decorate) your house.26.I cant help _ (laugh) when I see his funny clothes.27.Look forward _ (avoid) running into any car.28.I am looking forward to _ (receive) your letter.二、动词的时态和语态【知识要点】一、动词的时态高考中对于动词的时态的考查，在中考考查的八大时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时）基础上，新加了四种：将来进
12、行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时，共计十二大时态。动词以其时态形式，构成了句子中的谓语，是构成句子结构的最基本的要素。1、一般现在时（1）现在一段时间里的经常性、习惯性、一般性的动作，常与表示频率或频度的副词以及表示现在的时间状语连用。句子常常翻译为：“常常做某事”。He gets up at seven every day.（2）表示客观事实。The earth goes around the sun.（3）在时间、条件状语从句中，一般现在时可以表示一般将来时。If I see him tomorrow, I will give the book to him.（4）表示交通
13、工具按照时刻表将要做某事。Hurry! Our train starts at 8.It is only five minutes left!2、一般过去时（1）过去一段时间里的经常性、习惯性、一般性的动作，常与表示频率或频度的副词以及表示过去的时间状语连用。句子常常翻译为：“过去常常做某事”。He got up at seven every day.（2）在时间、条件状语从句中，一般过去时可以表示过去将来时。He said if he saw his brother the next day, he would give the book to him.（3）表示现在不存在的动作。Tom l
14、ived here three years ago.3、现在进行时（1）表示现在某一时刻或某一时间点正在发生的动作，常与表示现在的时间状语连用。He is reading a book now.（2）表示最近一段时间里持续发生的动作，或保持的状态，而说话时不一定在进行。此用法常与表示现在的时间段连用，翻译为：“一直做某事”。He is studying hard these days.（3）与always连用，表示强烈的感情色彩。He is always doing something strange!（4）趋向动词的现在进行时，表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。He is leaving f
15、or Beijing tomorrow.4、过去进行时（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一时间点正在发生的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。He was reading a book when I saw him.（2）表示过去一段时间里持续发生的动作，或保持的状态。此用法常与表示过去的时间段连用，翻译为：“一直做某事”。He was studying hard those days.5、一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。We will go to Beijing tomorrow.6、过去将来时表示过去的将来将要发生的动作。常与表示过去将来的时间状语连用。He said
16、that he would go to Beijing the next day.7、现在完成时（1）表示从过去某一时间开始发生，持续到现在，已经结束的动作，并对现在有可能造成影响。此时，谓语动词需要使用短暂性动词。此用法常与already, yet等副词以及recently, by far, so far, in/during the last/past +时间段等时间状语连用。翻译为：“（到如今为止）已经”。We have finished three units by far.In the last ten days, they have covered over 1, 000 kilo
17、meters.（2）表示从过去某一时间开始发生，一直持续到现在的动作。此时，谓语动词需要使用延续性动词。He has lived here for ten years.8、过去完成时（1）表示从过去的过去某一时间开始发生，持续到过去，已经结束的动作，并对过去有可能造成影响。此时，谓语动词需要使用短暂性动词。此用法常与already, yet等副词连用。过去完成时需要有表示过去的时间状语或发生在过去的动作作为时间参照，翻译为：“（到过去为止）已经”。We had finished three units before yesterday.（2）表示从过去的过去某一时间开始发生，一直持续到过去的动
18、作。此时，谓语动词需要使用延续性动词。 He had lived here for ten years before he left there.（3）表示“计划、安排、打算、愿望”的动词的过去完成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望和打算。We had hoped/planned to attend your birthday party yesterday.（4）在if虚拟条件句中，表示对过去事实的虚拟时，if从句中要使用过去完成时。If you had come yesterday, you could have seen him.9、将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作。We will be
19、 having a class at 8 tomorrow.10、将来完成时表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。We will have finished three units before next Saturday.11、现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始发生，持续到现在还在进行的动作。We have been doing our homework for more than 4 hours.12、过去完成进行时从过去的过去某一时间开始发生，持续到过去还在进行的动作。We had been doing our homework for more than 4 hours when he
20、turned up.二、动词的语态动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。被动语态的基本组成结构为：be+动词的过去分词。一般现在时的被动语态：is/am/are done一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done现在进行时的被动语态：is/am/are being done过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being done一般将来时的被动语态：will be done过去将来时的被动语态：would be done现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done过去完成时的被动语态：had been done三、动词的几种词形变化规则1、动词的第三人称单数（1）基本规
21、则：在动词后加后缀-s。（2）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加后缀-es。（3）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的动词，在词尾加后缀-es。2、动词的现在分词（1）基本规则：在动词词尾加后缀-ing。（2）以不发音的-e字母结尾的词，先去掉这个e字母，再加后缀-ing。（3）以单元音+辅音构成的重读音节结尾的动词，双写辅音字母，再加后缀-ing。3、动词的过去式和过去分词（1）基本规则：在词尾加后缀-ed。（2）以不发音的-e字母结尾的词，在词尾直接加后缀-ed。（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加后缀-ed。（4）以单元音+辅音构成的重读音节结尾的动词，双写辅音字母，
22、再加后缀-ed。（5）75个常考的不规则动词。become, get, begin, give, bite, go, blow, grow, break, hear, bring, hide, build, hit, burn, hold, buy, hurt, catch, keep, choose, know, come, lay, cut, learn, deal, leave, draw, lend, drink, let, drive, lie, eat, lose, fall, make, feel, mean, fight, meet, find, pay, fly, put,
23、forget, ride, freeze, rise, run, say, see, sell, send, shake, show, sing, sit, sleep, smell, speak, spend, stand, swim, take, teach, tell, think, throw, understand, wake, wear, win, write【练习】单句语法填空。1.He used to work in a factory.But now he _ (be) a teacher.2.He said that he _ (go) to visit his forme
24、r teacher the next weekend.3.Can you tell me why you _ (do) so?4.Before we got to the station, the train _ (leave).5.He didnt want to say anything about why he _ (be) absent the day before.6.I didnt see anyone just now.I _ (read) my book.7.I cant come to help you tomorrow morning.I _ (have) a meetin
25、g then.8.During the last ten years he _ (live) in that little village.9.I forgot to turn off the lights in the office.I _ (go) to turn them off.10.Yesterday our teacher told us that the moon _ (go) around the earth.11.When we hurried to the cinema, we _ (tell) that all the tickets _ (sell) out.12.Be
26、 quiet! We _ (listen) to the news.13.The workers are repairing the bridge.In other words, the bridge _ (repair) by the workers.14.Anyone who is caught smoking in the kitchen _ (fire).15.Every places _ (search).But the police find nothing.三、主谓一致【知识要点】1、主谓一致，指主语与谓语在人称、数量上保持一致。2、主谓一致三原则：（1）形式一致或语法一致：主语
27、与谓语在形式上保持单复数形式的一致。如：A book is on the desk.Two books are on the desk.（2）意义一致：主语与谓语在意义上保持单复数一致。如：Two sheep are eating grass.Most of the population are farmers.（3）就近一致：谓语动词的单复数形式由主语中最靠近谓语的词决定。如：Not only Tom but also you have to go.Not only you but also Tom has to go.3、主要考点（1）不可数名词、单数形式的可数名词作主语时，用单数形式的谓
28、语动词；复数形式的可数名词作主语时，用复数形式的谓语动词。如：The apple is red.The water is dirty.The kids are so cute.（2）由and连接的多个词作主语时，如果表示单体意义，则用单数形式的谓语动词；如果表示多个个体意义，则用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Tom and Jerry are good friends.Tom and Jerry is an interesting film.（3）由数量限定词修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由被修饰的名词决定。如：A lot of students are present.A lot of w
29、ater is needed.（4）四则运算以及表示时间、距离、价值、长度等等的数量词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。One plus one is Two.1, 000 dollars is a little bit much for a little child.（5）cattle, people（人）, crew, police等词作主语时，谓语动词总是使用复数形式。The police are looking into the case.The people are so happy.注意：当people作“民族”之意时，为普通的可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。56 people
30、s make up of the whole China.（6）government, class, family等名词作主语时，如果指整体意义，则谓语动词要用单数形式；如果指个体意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式。如：The family are crying.The family is a warm place for everyone.（7）every, each, no修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Every girls and every boys in that districts was invited to the ceremony.（8）以“主语+as well as/
31、together with/ with/ rather than/ but/ except/ besides/ in addition to/ +名词” 结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语决定。The teacher as well as the students likes the film.（9）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。指人的复合不定代词作主语时，在非正式语境下，可以使用复数形式的谓语动词。Everything is ready.Everyone is/are here.all, 以及“the+形容词”作主语，指人时，谓语动词用复数形式；指物时，谓语动词用单数形式
32、。All are present.Lets begin our discussion.All is quiet in the evening.The poor are poor.（10）“many a/ more than one+单数形式的名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。Many a/ More than one person is waiting for you.（11）由单复数同形的名词（sheep, fish, deer）充当句子的主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式还是复数形式，由该名词在句子中的具体意义来决定。 Two sheep are eating grass.A sheep
33、is eating grass.（12）单个-to do不定式（短语）， -ing（短语）、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To get up early seems to let us have a longer day. Doing exercise regularly every day makes us healthy.What he wants is a book.如果what引导的从句作主语，且表语为复数形式时，谓语动词可以使用复数形式。What he wants are books.（13）在关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语的定语从句中，从句的谓语动词的单复数形式由先行词决定。
34、He has some books that/ which are interesting.如果先行词前有one of修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：He is one of the students who like sports.如果先行词以“the (only) one of +名词”的形式出现，那么定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：He is the (only) one of the students who likes sports.（14）在强调句中，如果被强调成分为主语时，则从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式由被强调成分决定。It is he who lives there
35、.It is they who live there.【练习】单句语法填空。1.The fish _ (be) delicious.2.There _ (be) fish swimming in the water.3.Each students _ (give) a notebook and a pen.4.The crew _ (be) happy for their success and decided to have a party.5.Not you but I _ (be) to blame for that accident.6.The population of the tw
36、o cities _ (be) equal.7.Tom and Jerrys father _ (be) a worker.8.More than one boy _ (play) games there.9.Plenty of water _ (deliver) already.10.Large quantities of water _ (pollute) every year.11.Whether we will have a short holiday next week _ (not, decide) yet.12.Spending too much time before scre
37、ens _ (be) bad for our eyes.13.All players but their coach _ (be) shocked at the result.14.It is you who _ (be) up to it.15.There are a large quantity of people who _ (be) waiting for you.【答案】一、1.smoothly 2.seated 3.to turn 4.seeing5.to have 6.to learn 7.working 8.talking9.to talk 10.to think 11.doi
38、ng 12.to change13.waiting 14.to say 15.smoking 16.to enter17.cleaning/ to be cleaned 18.reading/ to be read 19.walking 20.to stay 21.doing/ to do 22.to write 23.to think 24.to rain 25.(to) decorate 26.laughing 27.to avoid 28.receiving二、1.is 2.would go/was going 3.did 4.had left 5.had been 6.was read
39、ing 7.will be having 8.has lived/ has been living 9.will go 10.goes 11.were told; had been sold 12.are listening 13.is being repaired 14.will be fired 15.has been searched三、1.is/ was 2.are/ were 3.is/ was 4.were 5.am/ was6.is/ was 7.is/ was 8.is/was playing 9.has been delivered 10.are polluted11.hasnt been decided 12.is 13.were 14.are 15.Is8
