1、Unit 2 Exploring English Using language 1. Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage. Match the words in bold to the types of word formation. Revision a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. b sculpt a sculpture c When we see rain, we can say “its raining” d WHO d c b a
2、Now look for more examples of each type in the reading passage. More examples in the reading passage: abbreviating: changing the part of speech: When weseesnow, we can say “its snowing”. adding a prefix or suffix: combining two or more words: IT, US paint-painting, hard-hardly, soft-softly, harm-har
3、mless / harmful, shame-shameless / shameful, visible-invisible hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework Revision When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using ot
4、her simple words. This is called word formation. Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, 1. _ (a friend that you contact by riting, traditionally using a pen) and 2. _ (known by many people). Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a
5、 word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isnt correct its 3. _, and if someone isnt happy theyre 4. _. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness 2. Complete the passage with the help of word formation. penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy Practice are often nouns. Fo
6、r example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great 5. _. Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become 6. _ And we can give someone a present by 7. _ it. And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several wor
7、ds: “World Trade Organization” can be referred to as 8. _, and 9. _is short for “as soon as possible”. It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings. improvement Practice calm presenting WTO ASAP 3. Works in groups. Choose one t
8、ype and come up with as many words as possible. Group A Group B like unlike, dislike, likely, likelihood unlike, dislike, likeness, likely, liking, unlikely Practice summary 转化法（Conversion）：把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。转化后的词义可 以通过原词义可以通过原词义推断出来。 a. 动词转化为名词 b. 名词转化为动词 c. 形容词转化为名词 d. 形容词转化为动词 Lets talk about it
9、. I think wed better finish the talk now. She gave me a glass of water. You should water the flowers twice a week. She is wearing a black dress. The girl in black is very beautiful. Tom is a brave man. He always braves the difficulties in life. Word formation 合成法（Compounding）：把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合成一个
10、新词， 构词方式较灵活。合成词的词义通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。 a. 合成名词 b. 合成动词 c. 合成形容词 d. 其他合成词 news+paper=newspaper hair+cut=haircut baby+sit=babysit over+look=overlook heart+felt=heartfelt kind+hearted=kind-hearted every+one=everyone through+out=throughout Word formation 派生法（ Derivation ）：在词根上加前缀或者后缀，构成新词。前缀和后缀有一定的含 义或功能
11、，有助于推测新词的词义。一些常见的前缀、后缀及其含义或功能如下。 词缀词缀 含义含义 例词例词 前前 缀缀 dis- 不 disagree；dislike im- in- 不 impossible inexpensive inter- 在之间；相互 international interconnect mis- 错误地 mislead misunderstanding non- 不；非 non-electrical non-smoker pre- 在之前 preschool preview re- 再；重新 retell rewrite un- 不 unable unhappy Word fo
12、rmation 缩略法（ Abbreviation ）：用单词或短语的部分内容代指整体。 a. 首字母缩写 b. 单词截短 ASAP= as soon as possible WTO=World Trade Organization advertisement= ad laboratory=lab Word formation American and British English 4. Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents. Lets com
13、plete the passage with the words above. theatre theater Practice gas highway petrol motorway elevator lift subway underground apartment flat Practice 5. Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet. Tips: if youd li
14、ke to find out more about British English and American English, you can search a library or online using these key words: Development of English History of the English Language Practice Unfamiliar English expressions Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. Recent additions includ
15、e “selfie” (a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen”( a citizen who uses the Internet). Some messaging abbreviations have also been added, for example, BRB (be right back), COZ(because) and G2G(got to go). Listening 6. Listen to three conversations and match
16、 them to the pictures. Conversation 3 Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Listening 7. Listen again and complete the table. “laugh out loud” Chinese food the Guangdong dialect cellfish cellphone selfish LOL Learning to learn Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in ot
17、her forms of communication. It may be a quick and, to you, clear way to communicate, but before you use it, stop and think: who do you want to communicate with and why? Make sure that any abbreviations and emojis you use are appropriate for the situation, and consider whether your readers will even
18、know what you mean by BRB or COZ. Practice 8. Work in pairs. Find new words and their meanings on the Internet, and have a similar conversation. Student A: turn to page 81 Student B: turn to page 84. Assignment Find new words and their meanings on the Internet and share them with classmates. Goodbye!
