1、人教版八年级下册英语期末Unit 1-Unit 10语法知识点复习提纲Unit 1 Whats the matter A1. so+形/副词+that(1)Whats the matter with sb?用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦。同义句型:Whats wrong with sb?或Whats the trouble with sb?(matter前须加定冠词the ,wrong 前不加任何修饰词,trouble前可加the 或形容词性物主代词。)(2)matter可数名词,问题,事情,We have important matters to discuss.2. have a
2、 cold 感冒可以换成catch a cold 或get a cold 3. sore 形容词,疼痛的。have a sore加身体部位,痛I have a sore back.我背痛。 ache, 名词,常与表示身体部位的名词合成一个新的名词。Toothache牙痛 headache 头痛 stomachache 胃痛4.foot 复数形式feet tooth 复数为teeth5.too much 副词词组,得太多,修饰动词watch TV too much 形容词词组 ,太多,修饰不可数名词too much noise 代词,太多,做宾语too many 形容词词组,太多,修饰可数名词复
3、数too many peoplemuch too 副词词组,太,修饰形容词或副词much too dear太贵6.lie 动词,躺。现在分词lying 过去式lay,过去分词lain。动词,说谎。现在分词lying 过去式和过去分词都是lied名词,谎言。tell a lie /tell lies 说谎7.休息have a rest =take a rest =have a break =take a break8.take ones temperature 量体温,注意形容词性物主代词ones的变化。提问温度是多少用what9.in the same way 用同样的方式10.see/wat
4、ch/hear/find/notice sb doing sth 看到、听到、发现,注意到某人正在做某事。see/watch/hear/find/notice sb do sth强调看到、听到、发现,注意到某人做某事的全过程11.get off下车,多指从公共汽车上下来,还表示下火车、飞机,下马等,反义短语是get on.上小汽车要用get into ,反义短语为get out of 12.To ones surprise ,令某人惊讶的是13.agree to do sth 同意做某事Agree with sb 同意某人的观点14.Thank to 多亏,由于。to 是介词后接名词,代词和动
5、词的ing形式。Thanks for 因而感谢,for 是介词后接后接名词,代词和动词的ing形式。15.in time 及时,在规定时间内或提前发生On time按时,指准时,强调不早不晚16.fall down 相当于不及物动词不能直接跟宾语。fall down from 从摔下来Section B1.sick形容词,生病的。可作定语,也可作表语。作表语,还表示恶心的,feel sick感觉恶心。Ill生病的,只用做表语,不能做定语。2.get hit on/in +the +身体部位,身体部位受到撞击。hit sb on/in +the +身体部位,击中某人的某个部位4. have pr
6、oblems( in )doing sth 做某事有困难或麻烦5. as 介词,作为 as a writer 作为一位作家还可作连词,像一样(方式状语从句)He doesnt speak as other people do因为(原因状语从句)As you are busy,let me do it instead.当的时候(时间状语从句)They talked as they walked.6. be used to doing sth习惯做某事used to do sth 过去常常做某事7. take risks冒险,相当于take a risk.take a risk of doing
7、sth ,冒着做某事的风险。8. He found himself in a very dangerous situation.(介词短语)Find +宾语+宾语补足语,下划线是宾语补足语。(1) find+宾语+形容词(宾语补足语)We found him honest.(2) find+宾语+动词的ing形式(宾语补足语)9. ran out 用尽,耗尽,主语通常是事物,如时间、食物、金钱等,后面不能接宾语。Our money ran out. ran out of ,后面可以接宾语,主语通常是人。We ran out of the money.10.so that 以便,为了,相当于in
8、 order that.引导目的状语从句,从句常使用can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词。11.sothat引导结果状语从句,如此以至于。So 为副词,修饰形容词或副词。(1)(2) So+形容词 a/an +名词+that(3) So +many/much/few/little+名词+that12.mean动词,意思是,打算后面可接名词,动词不定式,动词ing形式或从句。mean的名词形式为meaning.13.important形容词,重要的 。名词importancedecide动词决定,名词形式为decision,make a decis
9、ion,做决定14.I hurt myself playing soccer.playing soccer为现在分词短语作状语,表示的动作与hurt所表示的动作同时发生。Unit 21.clean up打扫干净,是动词+副词结构,人称代词宾格放中间。dress up乔装打扮cut up切碎make up编造pick up捡起give up放弃stay up熬夜wake up醒来 cheer up使振奋2.give out,分发,散发,相当于,相当于hand out. give away捐赠give back归还.3.volunteer动词,义务做,自愿做。Voluneer to do sth,
10、自愿做某事。还可作名词,志愿者。4.put off推迟,可接名词、代词或动名词(动词ing形式)put away把收好 put out熄灭 put up张贴,举起 put on穿上5.notice(1)可数名词,公告,启事There is a notice saying “No Parking”. (2)不可数名词,通知,警告without notice,没有通知(3)动词,注意到,看到notice sb do sth注意到某人做某事的全过程。notice sb doing sth注意到某人做某事的全过程。e up with想出,提出主意,计划,回答等,后常接idea,plan,solutio
11、n,advice等名词,相当于think of7.care for照顾,相当于look after或take care of8.several形容词,几个,数个,修饰可数名词复数9.feeling可数名词,感觉,感触。joy不可数名词,高兴,愉快to ones joy令某人高兴的是10.satisfaction不可数名词,满意。satisfy动词,使满意。Satisfied,形容词,满意的,be satisfied with对感到满意11by oneself单独地 at the age of 在岁时12.homeless无家可归的,形容词。一些名词加less可构成形容词,表否定意义。usele
12、ss无用的helpless无助的careless粗心的hopeless无望的13.raise及物动词,征集,募集。Raise money筹款raise birds养鸟 raise the flag升旗raise a hand举手14.stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做另一件事Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事14lonely形容词,孤独的,寂寞的,缺少陪伴产生的悲伤的情感alone形容词或副词,独自,单独,单独一人Section B1.take after外貌或行为像,相当于be similar to,after是介词,后接名词或代词。Look like,看起来像2.r
13、epair常指修补破损或构造复杂的事物,如汽车,桥梁的修理比fix正式。fix侧重安装,常用来指修理机器。fix up3.letter(1)信,write a letter to sb给某人写信,相当于wrire to sb2)字母4.set up开办,建立,常接组织机构,团体5.一些词加否定前缀dis可构成相应的反义词,agree同意,反义词disagree不同意 disabled残疾的 6.make it +形容词+for sb to do sth(动词不定式短语)。it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式,形容词是作宾语补足语。7.imagine想象,设想,后接名词,代词和动名词(动词in
14、g形式)8.difficulty可数名词,复数为difficulties。表示抽象意义上的困难时是不可数名词,have difficulty (in)doing sth,做某事有困难9.open动词,打开,反义词是close,关上。还可作形容词开着的,反义词为closed,关闭的10.carry运送,搬运,无明确的方向性。take拿走,指把东西从近处拿到远处bring带来,指把东西从远处拿到近处get取来,指去某处把东西拿来,再回来,是一个来回的过程。10. train训练train sb/sth to do sth训练某人某物做某事train sb in sth在某方面训练,培养某人11.
15、excited形容词,激动的,通常作表语,主语为人。be excited about对感到激动,兴奋exciting令人激动的,令人兴奋的,在句中可作定语,也可作表语,常修饰物。12. 形容词+ness构成名词,kind-kindness 善良 happy-happiness幸福ill -illness疾病 sad-sadness悲伤13. change动词,改变,change ones life 改变某人的生活名词,变化动词不定式的用法:1.跟带to的不定式做宾语的动词主要有:want to do sth tell sb to do sth hope to do sth learn to d
16、o sth try to do sth decide to do sth Forget to do sth remember to do sth like to do sth love to do sth stop to do sth等。2.跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:感官动词see,hear,feel,watch和使役动词let ,have ,make等3.动词help后接宾语补足语时,不定式符号可省略,也可不省略。4.有些动词如stop,remember,forget,like等既可接动词不定式也可接动词ing形式,但意义不同。Stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做别
17、的事Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(还没做) forget doing sth忘记做过某事 remember to do sth 记得去做某事(还没做) remember doing sth 记得做过某事5.动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,who,how,when,where等连用,这时可以改写成宾语从句。6.I dont know what to do next.=I dont know what I should do next.Unit 31.Could you please 请你好吗?could表示委婉语气,不表
18、示过去时态,后接动词原形。肯定回答为Yes,sure./Sure/Certainly/Thats OK否定回答可以为Sorry,I cant./Sorry,Im afraid not.Because等。否定结构为Could you pleases not?2.work on 从事于,忙于,on 为介词,后接名词,代词或动名词。3.Two hours of TV作主语时,谓语动词用单数。表示时间,距离,金额,度量等的短语作主语时,被看做整体,谓语动词用单数。4. mess 常用作单数形式,杂乱,不整洁。Its a real mess.5.throw 过去式threw ,throw down扔下,
19、 throw away 扔掉,错过6.the minute (that)一就,相当于as soon as 一就(强调两个动作在时间上是接连发生的。如果主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来)7.neither 也不,neither did I是一个倒装句。Neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语,表示前面的否定也适用于后者。She cant swim and neither can her sister.8. pass给,递,常接双宾语,pass sb sth ,把某物递给某人,可以与pass sth to sb相互转换9. borrow借入,主语向别人借东西,borrow sth f
20、rom sb/someplacelend借出,主语把自己的东西借给别人用,lend sth to sb或lend sb sthkeep保存,保留,引申为借用,表示借用的时间长度,可以和时间段或how long连用。10. hate厌恶,讨厌,可以接名词,代词,不定式或动词ing形式。Section B1.It is a good idea to read the first sentence.It为形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式。2. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chor
21、es at home.这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句,宾语从句要用陈述语序。(主语+谓语)3. Make sb do sth使某人做某事 make +宾语+形容词让某人或某物处于某种状态make the room clean4. in order to do为了,否定结构为in order not to do5. when当的时候.It was snowing when we got to the station.while表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主从句的动作同时发生,常跟现在进行时或过去进行时。While he was reading,the telephone rang.6.
22、provide提供provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth提供给某人某物7. anyway副词,不管怎样;无论如何;而且;加之8. I think doing chores is not so difficult. doing chores为动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。9. develop动词,发展;成长;发达;壮大;开发developed country发达国家 developing country发展中国家10. since 1)既然;因为;鉴于,表原因。2)介词,自以来,常与现在完成时连用11. take care of 照顾,同义短语为look a
23、fter或care for.好好照顾为take good care of或look afterwell12. fall ill生病,指动作,与时间点连用 be ill生病,指状态,与时间段连用13. drop下降,降落,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。还表示温度,气压下降。fall下降,落下,只能作不及物动词,表示自然掉落。还表示跌倒。Unit41.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。allow后可跟名词或动词ing形式做宾语,不能直接跟动词不定式。They allowed smoking in this room only.2. until1(1)介词,直到为止,相当于ti
24、ll(2) 连词,直到为止。not until 直到才3. Why dont you +动词原形=Why not +动词原形,何不呢?用来提出建议或征求对方意见。4. find sb doing sth 发现某人正在作某事,hear,feel,see也有类似用法。find sb do sth发现某人做某事的全过程。5. look through 快速查看,浏览6. deal协议,交易 big deal重要的事7.work out成功的发展,解决7. argue动词,争论,争吵。argue with sb和某人争吵 argue about sth为某事争吵8. whatever任何,每一,(1)
25、作连接代词,引导宾语从句。Give them whatever they need.2)还可以引导让步状语从句,无论什么,相当于no matter what.类似用法的词还有whoever=no matter who无论谁 whenever=no matter when无论何时 wherever=no matter where无论哪里9. Its not easy being your age and its normal to have these feelings.1) Its +形容词+动词ing形式,it为形式主语,真正的主语是动词ing2) Its+形容词+动词不定式,it是形式主语
26、,真正的主语是动词不定式。两种形式可以相互转换10. offer动词,主动提出,自愿给与。Offer to do sth 主动提出做某事。offer sb sth或offer sth to sb,提供某人某物11. explain动词,解释说明。后常接that或why引导的宾语从句。You should explain why you were late向某人解释某事不能用explain sb sth,应该用explain sth to sb12. return及物动词,归还,return sb sth /return sth to sb还给某人某物。还可作不及物动词,回来,返回,相当于com
27、e/go back13. You left your homework at home.Leave+sth+地点 把某物忘/落在某地forget忘记什么事情,后跟名词,代词,动词不定式或动词ing形式。14. Your best friends doesnt trust you anymore.anymore副词,再也不,不在,常用于否定句句末。Notanymore表示程度和次数上不再,常修饰非延续性动词,指动作不再发生。not any longer表示时间和距离上不再,一般修饰延续性动词。You cant be late for class anymore.He doesnt live he
28、re any longer.Section B1.pressure不可数名词,压力。Under pressure在压力之下 put pressure on sb 向某人施压pete with sb与某人竞争3. opinion可数名词,意见,想法,看法,复数加s.In ones opinion,在某人看来。4. skill可数名词,技艺,技巧。复数加skills5. cut out删除 cut down砍倒 cut up切碎 cut off 切断,阻断6. continue doing 继续去做同一件事 continue to do继续去做与目前所做事情不同的另一件事情7. 现在进行时与alw
29、ays连用,表示说话人厌恶、惊讶、赞叹等。Why are you shouting in class?n你怎么老是在课堂上大声说话。8. comparewith把与作比较,同类比较Compare your answers with those,you will see if they are right.把你的答案与那些对照一下,你就会知道他们是否正确了。Compareto把比作,常用于异类比较或比喻She compared the world to a stage.她把世界比作舞台。9. usual or common平常的或普通的usual形容词,平常的as usual像平常一样usual
30、ly副词,通常地He goes to school as usual.他像平常一样去上学。10. 在复合句中,用作状语的从句叫状语从句,由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。状语从句可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果和让步状语从句。1) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when当时,as当时,while正当时,as soon as一就,after在之后等,主句如果用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表将来(主将从现)。since自从,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。2) Although,though(虽然,尽管) 引导让步状语从句,although可以和though互换使用,但
31、两者都不能与but同时出现在一个句子。3) So that以便,为了,引导目的状语从句。Unit 5 Section A1.What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?昨天冒风雨来临时人们正在做什么?这是一个过去进行时的特殊疑问句句式。过去进行时的结构为:was/were +动词的ing形式,表示这个动作在过去某个时间正在进行。2. go off1)发出响声2)离开3)食物、饮料变质;变差3. Pick up接电话;接收到信号或声音。4. Strange1)形容词,奇特的,奇怪的2)陌生的5. With no li
32、ght outside位于句首,表示原因,相当于Because there was no light outside. light1)灯2)光,光线3)形容词,轻的,与heavy(重的)是反义词6. feel like 1)感觉像是,后加名词或动名词2) 想要做某事feel like doing sth7. report及物动词,报道;公布。常跟名词、代词或that从句。The TV reported that it was raining heavily there.电视报道那儿正在下大雨。It is reported that据报道8. area可数名词,地域,地区9. Wood1)木头,
33、不可数名词。一块木头用a piece of wood.wood house木屋2)树林,可数名词,常用复数形式woods10.beat1)敲打,击打Somebody is beating at the door.有人在敲门。2)及物动词,打败,战胜,后接人或团队,过去式是beat,过去分词是beaten. We beat the strongest team in the football match.我们在足球比赛中击败了最强的队。win赢得比赛、奖品、战争、金钱等win the match/prize/war/money10. against1)紧靠;倚;碰;撞2)表示,反对,反义词为fo
34、r,支持。be against doing sth反对做某事Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划。He is against smoking at home.他反对在家抽烟。11. asleep形容词,睡着,常做表语,不能做前置定语。没有比较级和最高级,fall asleep为系表结构,进入梦乡,睡着sleeping睡着的,常做前置定语;还能和一些词构成复合名词,sleeping bag睡袋,sleeping car卧铺车厢sleeping pill安眠药sleepy想睡的,困乏的,可用作表语或定语12. rise动词,过去式为rose,过去
35、分词risen,升起,增加,提高。一般指事物自身可以升高或上升,主语是升高的对象。Prices have risen during the past decade.raise及物动词,抬起,举起,提高,增加。也可用于提高价值、名誉、地位、工资等,主语通常为人。Section B1.make ones way to前往,费力地前进2. was killed被杀。be+动词的过去分词为被动语态结构,被3. shocked受震惊的,主语通常为人shocking令人震惊的,主语通常为物4. the rest of其余的,剩下的。做主语时,谓语动词的数与the rest of修饰的名词或代词一致。5.
36、recently不久前,最近。常用于一般过去时和现在完成时,recently是多音节词,比较级是more recently,更近的。6. 询问日期是Whats the date today?或What date is it today?询问今天是星期几?What day is it today?7.meaning名词意义,意思,含义have meaning to sb 对某人有意义8.在宾语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think,bilieve,suppose,expect,guess等表示观点、信念、推测等心理活动的词,否定宾语从句的not往往转移到前面的主句中,成为“形式否定主句,意义否定
37、从句”,这种语法现象称为否定前移。9.true形容词,真的;真实的;强调符合事实而不是假的,与假相对real强调人或事物是真实存在的,而不是想象的或虚构的,与无相对。10.have trouble/difficulty/problems in doing sth做某事有困难、麻烦11. had seen为过去完成时结构,其构成为had+动词的过去分词,表示过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成了的工作。12.as well,也,相当于too,常放在句末,通常用于疑问句和肯定句。Are they coming as well?他们也来吗?Mike is learning French and C
38、hinese as well.迈克在学法语,也在学英语。Unit 61.shoot及物动词,后接名词或代词,指射中某人或某物,过去式shot; shoot at,向某人或某物射击或开火,shoot为不及物动词。 2.was moved 是被动语态,被感动。moved形,受感动的;moving形,令人感动的;感人的。 被动语态结构:一般现在时被动语态是be(am/is/are)+过去分词;一般过去时被动语态是was/were+过去分词。 3.take away带走;拿走,代词放中间 4.remind动词,提醒;使想起(1)remaind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 (2)remind
39、 sb of/about sth使某人想起某事 (3)remind sb +that 从句,提醒某人;使想起 5.a little bit相当于a little或a bit,有点儿;稍微,修饰形容词、副词或动词,表示较弱。a bit修饰名词时必须加上of 6.seem possible为seem+形容词的系表结构,似乎 seem的常用三种结构:(1)seem (to be)+形容词 或seem to be+名词 (2)seem to do sth(3)It seems that从句 似乎/好像 7.instead of,代替;反而,后加名词、代词、动词ing形式。 instead副词,代替;反
40、而,常位于句首或句末。 8.called Monkey,也可以说named Monkey,called.叫做的,过去分词短语做后置定语。The old couple have a daughter called Kate. 9.This is because he can make 72changes to his shape and size,turining himself into different animals and objects.只是因为他能对自己的外形和大小进行七十二般变化,把自己变成不同的动物和物体。 This is because,这是因为,后接表示原因的表语从句。 t
41、urn into ,把变成,相当于change into. 9.magic形,有魔力的;有神奇力量的。还可做名词,魔法;法术 ;巫术。magician名词,魔术师;巫师 e out出版;发表;发行。还有其他含义:(1)照片冲洗(2)出来;出现;(3)发芽;开花 11.Western形,西方国家的;尤指欧美的;西方的。在表示方向的名词的词尾加ern,可构成相应的形容词。east+ern-eastern东方的;south+ern-southern 南方的;north+ern-northern北方的。 12.weak形,虚弱的;无力的,反义词strong. be weak in=be not goo
42、d at/dont do well in不擅长 13.fall in love with爱上;喜欢上,强调动作。fall in love withsb at first sight,一见钟情。be in love with sb爱着,强调状态。 14.fit动词,适合;合身,表示衣服、鞋袜是否合适。the suit doesnt fit me fit还可做形容词(1)适合的;能胜任,be fit for适合,后接名词、代词、或动词ing形式。(2)形容词,还可表示健康的;强健的,同义词是healthy,keep fit是保持健康。 13.smile动词,微笑。还可做名词,微笑;笑容,with a smile微笑着 14.marry动词,结婚;嫁;取。marry sb嫁给某人,与某人结婚。 marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人,为某人娶某人。 get married (to sb)与某人结婚,强调动作;be married结婚,强调状态 Section B1.gol