1、人教版中考英语短文填空解题技巧问题1：中考短文填空考什么？【真题再现】it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundredThere is a small thing we use every day. We usually put 1 in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 2 it is? Yes, its the toothbrush. But do you know anything about i
2、ts history?According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people 3 their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brushes with pig hair and bamboo. It might 4 the worlds earliest form of toothbrushes. As time went 5 , the for
3、ms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair 6 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to 7 of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. It sounds fantastic, doesnt it?Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe
4、. It became 8 among local people soon. The 9 of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good 10 of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 【题型分析】 分析广东省中考英语真题，短文填空试题有以下特点： 体裁方面，多为故事性或夹叙、夹议的记叙文，也可能对某一事物进行科普，具有教育意
5、义。 考点方面，10个空，分别考查动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、数词的用法以及三大从句引导词等。能力方面 ，重点考查学生的逻辑推理判断、常用搭配的掌握情况、语法知识、词汇知识等的掌握情况。词汇方面，以中考核心高频词汇为主，难度不大。问题2：短文填空如何解题？一、解题思路：1.理解方框内单词的中文意思以及词性2.判断横线处要填的词性 3.根据上下文语境选择单词的适当形式【步骤1】理解方框内单词的中文意思以及词性【问】如何知道一个单词的词性？ 【方法1】单词表记忆法【方法2】定义法常见的词性表：词类词性缩写含义举例动词v表示动作或状态be (am, is, are), have
6、, like, go名词n表示人或事物的名称pencil, people, fruit, tennis形容词adj用于修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征（.的）red, happy, difficult, busy副词adv用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词（.地）not, too, always, only, happily介词prep表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系in, on, at, of, with, without冠词art用于名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a, an, the连词conj用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句and, or, but, if, because, when,
7、what代词pron用于代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句或句子等we, that, hers, what数词num表示数量或顺序six, thirteen, first, twentieth【测试】写出下列单词的词性：online_ really_ away_without_ by_ from_surprise_ proud _ however_something_ they_ such_ so_ although _ who_ 【步骤2】判断横线处要填的词性 【问】如何确定横线处要填的词性？【方法1】模型法 五种基本句型（1） 主谓 I left.（2）主谓宾 I love English
8、.（3）主谓宾宾 I give him a pen.（4）主谓宾补 I call the boy Tom.（5）主系表 I am tall.【常见句型】主（n）+谓（v ）+宾（n） 【拓展】 副词，(冠词、数词、形容词)+ n+ v （副词）+(冠词、数词、形容词)+n+介词短语，副词 Today, the/two/many students watched carefully the/one/funny movie in the classroom ,too.【做题原则】先看句子是否完整：（1）若句子不完整，则缺什么成分（主语/谓语/宾语），就补相应词性（名词、动词、代词）。（2）若句子完
9、整，考虑加介词、冠词、连词、形容词、副词、数词。（1）句子不完整 【模型1】_ +v+n _ takes me 2 hours to go to school.【模型2】n _ +n We _ $10 for the clothes.【模型3】n +v _We should spend more _ with our parents.【模型4】句子_ 句子 I like English _ I am not good at it.【模型5】_ 句子，句子 _ I dont have enough money, I still want to buy a gift for my mother.【
10、模型6】句子_ 句子（缺主语、宾语） He is my father _ is strict with me.【模型7】_ ，句子 I arrived at the school._ , I found my wallet lost.【模型8】句子，_ He likes English. I like English, _.【模型9】句_ 子 I can _ play basketball well.【模型10】_ 句子 _ boys went in the classroom.【模型11】 句子_n/v-ingI often go to school _bus.【模型12】 _ n/v-in
11、g, 句子 _ the future, there will be more robots.【牛刀小试1】 however for whether at who if though save you too1._ I made much money ,I felt unhappy . 2. Thanks to the passengers, the doctors _ the man in time yesterday.3._ we give him a hand ,he will work out the problem.4.Tony is the boy _ is standing und
12、er the tree.5.Jenny studied hard in school._,she didnt pass the exam.6.I have lived in Guangzhou _ ten years.7._ the age of ten,she could make a lot of money to help her mother.8.If you have a plan to visit China , would _like to spend this festival with us?9.He is popular with classmates ,and the t
13、eacher is pleased with him ,_.【方法2】关键词法冠词限定名词 art(a/an/the) +_数词限定名词 num(one/two/three.) +_形容词修饰名词 adj(good/bad.)+_形容词性物主代词修饰名词 pron(my/your/her.)+_介词连接名词、V-ing短语 prep(in/on/at/with.)+_及物动词接名词 vt(play/see.)+_不及物动词接介词再加名词 vi(listen/look.)+_+ n情态动词接动词原形 V情态(can/may/must.)+_助动词接动词 V助(have/has.)+_ V助(do
14、/does/did.)+_ V助(be)+_系动词接形容词 V系(be/become/keep/feel.)+_【注意】to +_【牛刀小试2】 good for write festival restaurant show make be popular1.I think that it is easy to _ money in America. 2.On Mother Day, they give their mothers something special to _ their love. 3.The Reading Festival is coming.Teacher asks u
15、s to do something to celebrate the _.4.I worked in a small _, serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes . 5.Computers might _ one of the worlds greatest inventions.6.The toothbrush became _ among local people soon. 7.People like it because it is _ for their health.8.Since he cam
16、e to China, he has _ thirty books about China.【牛刀小试3】 see letter thing become tired life after idea 1.Have you ever _ the basketball match on TV?2.I will help look _ the kids when their parents are not at home.3.Jenny wanted to do something to help her friends. Then she came up with an _ .4.I often
17、stay up late to play games and then feel _the next day.5.He works hard to help many deaf people live a better_ . 6.You probably think you will never _ a successful student. 7.When you plan your week time, you should make a list of _that you need do.8.Toms new book includes his seven _to his family b
18、ack in America.【步骤3】根据上下文语境选择单词的适当形式 短文填空中，需要注意所填单词的形式，尤其是名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词。1、动词的用法：在短文填空中，动词可能改变的形式有：原形（do）,过去式（ did）,三单形式（ does）,动名词（ doing）,过去分词（ done)listen spend take clean see Last Friday, we helped to _ up the park . Three months ago, Li Hua _too much time playing games and he fell behind other
19、s. Toms mother lives with him,and _ care of his kids. I studied English by _ to music. Have you ever _ the dragon boat race（比赛）on TV? 2、名词的用法( 1 )名词单数( 2 )名词复数money idea letter fruit They wanted to raise money to help their friends. Then she came up with an _. His new book includes seven _to his mot
20、her. The letters show his love for her. On the table she lays out some _ in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. They are poor because they dont have much _.3、形容词副词的用法 ( 1 )形容词 副词的修饰关系（原级）( 2 )形容词 副词的比较级、最高级much heavy long quick good It rained so _ that we had to put off the meeting. The harder you
21、 study,the _ grades you will get. On Dragon Boat Festival, they rowed(划) their boat as _as they can. The Yellow River is the second _ river in China. As time goes by, tea business is getting _important than before.4、代词的用法 ( 1 )人称代词(主格宾格)( 2 )物主代词(形容词性、名词性)( 3 )反身代词人称与数人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数复数
22、第二人称单数复数第三人称 单数 他她它复数他/她/它们you I they he she we He is _ favorite singer. I liked him so much Tom went to my birthday party and he enjoyed _. If you keep working hard , you will finally make_dream come true. After helping 12 kids ,she felt very excited when she saw smiles on_faces. Once upon a time ,
23、Jenny painted on the walls of _ own house . We should try _best to care for our family. .5.词性转化规律(1)名词构词法：类别变法例词形容词名词-nesskind_ happy_ -ityable_ creative_ -t-ceimportant_ different_ silent_ -ydifficult_ honest_ -tysafe_ -thtrue_ warm_ 动词名词-ion/-tiondecide_ invite_ invent_-mentdevelop_ improve_ agree
24、_-ingfeel_ mean_ 其他high_ succeed_ serve_ die_(2) 形容词构词法：类别变法例词名词形容词-yhealth_ luck_-alperson_ nature_ nation_-fulcare_ peace_-ousdanger_ -ant/entimportance_ difference_动词形容词-ableenjoy_ -ivecreate_ -ingsurprise_ interest_ -iedsurprise_ interest_ (3) 副词构词法：形容词副词变化规律例词一般情况下，直接加-lyquick_ correct_辅音字母+y结尾
25、，把y变i,再-加-lyeasy_ happy_heavy_ correct_le结尾，去e加ypossible_ probable_terrible_其他情况true_(4) 动词构词法：类别变法例词形容词动词-en/en-broad_ joy_-izereal_ memory _【备考建议】 一、熟记考纲单词熟练记忆中考短文填空常考动词、名词、介词、连词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词，尤其注意单词的词义、词性。注：1.务必记住不规则动词表（极容易考）！二、熟记考纲短语 中考英语高频固定搭配总结第 16 页 共 20 页1.deal _ 处理2._ in 上交 3._ as 例如4.look _
26、 to 期待5._ that 以便于6.have _ 玩得开心7._ oneself 玩得开心8.stay _from 远离9._ then on 从那时起10.be _ of 充满 11._ the end 在最后12.be _ in/on 出生于13._ up 长大 14._the age of 14 在14岁时15._ money 赚钱16._ in 到达17.depend_ 依赖于18.be_ of 对.感到自豪19.take _ in 对.感到自豪e _ 实现,成真21.not (only). _ also 不仅.而且22.learn _ sb 向某人学习23._ a happy l
27、ife 过一种幸福的生活24.place of _ 名胜古迹25.help sb _sth 在某方面帮助某人26._ photos 拍照27.for_ 例如28._ about/ be _ about 担心29. at_ 首先30. come up _ 想出31. as_ as 一.就32.look _ 照顾33.take _ 照顾34. care _ 照顾35._ off 脱掉 36._ ones example 效仿某人的例子37._ we all know 据我们所知38._ ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事39._ Smiths 史密斯一家人40.give
28、_ 捐赠41._up 捡起 ，重新获得42.all _ of 各种各样的 43. _ his life 在他的生活中44.be _ with me 对我严格45._ than 超过46._ . up 使.振作起来47.because _ 因为（+短语） 48._ order to 为了49._own 他自己的50._ lot of 许多51.give_ 放弃52.run_ of 用完，用尽53.at _ same time 同时54.to ones _ 令某人惊讶的是55._ the help of sb 在某人的帮助下56._ up 搭建，建立57.be_ in . 对.感兴趣58._on
29、the bus 上公交车 59._ a living by. 靠.谋生60.be _ for. 因.而出名三、熟记句型1四个“花费” sb.spend时间/钱on sth./(in) doing sth. Ittakessb.时间to do sth. 物costsb.钱 sb.pay钱for sth.2Its said/reportedthat从句 据说/报道3soadj/adv（+a/an +n）that从句 如此以至于4such a/anadjn+that从句 如此以至于5the +比较级., the+ 比较级. 越.就越.6Its +adj for sb. to do sth. 对某人来
30、说做某事是.的7find/make/feel/think it +adj+ to do sth 发现/让/感觉/认为做某事. 【本节课总结】1.理解方框内单词的中文意思以及词性（1）单词表记忆法（2）定义法2.判断横线处要填的词性 （1）模型法（2）关键词法3.根据上下文语境选择单词的适当形式（v/n/adj/adv/pron）备考建议：熟记单词+固定搭配+句型+语法=短文填空高分附表1：不规则动词表不规则动词表动词原形过去式过去分词汉语意思动词原形过去式过去分词汉语意思be(am, is, are)是，存在fightbear findbeat flybecome forgetbegin ge
31、tblow givebreak gobring growbuild hangburn havebuy hearcatch hidechoose hithitcome holdcost hurtcut keepdeal knowdig laydo(does) leaddraw learndream leavedrink lenddrive leteat liefall lightfeed losefeel makesend meansetsteal动词原形过去式过去分词汉语意思动词原形过去式过去分词汉语意思shakeswimshinetakeshowteachshuttellsingthinksitstealsleepsticksmellswimspeakthrowspeedunderstandspellwakespendwearspreadwinstandwrite第 20 页 共 20 页
