1、Discovering useful structures1.To identify the different functions of modal verbs.2.To talk about future events in the past using“would do”and“was/were going to do”.Modal verbs情态动词情态动词Leading-inMay we ask what youre doing in this country and what your plans are?I cant say that I have any plans.You m
2、ustnt worry about that.Could you offer me work here?Look at the words in red.What kind of words are they?Why does the speak use this words?modal verbsmodal verbsSummary:The function of modal verbs is to express modality(feelings and attitude).may/mightmust/have toshall/shouldwill/wouldought toneed/d
3、arecan/couldWhat modal verbs do you know?modal verbs1.只作情态动词的：2.可情态可实义的：3.可情态可助动词的:4.相当于情态动词的:情态动词的分类can/could,may/might,ought to,mustneed,dare/dared will/would，shall/should,have to,used to，had better，used to1.情态动词有一定的意义，情态动词有一定的意义，大多数情态动词有大多数情态动词有多个意义多个意义。necessity 必要性必要性 possibility可能性可能性 obligati
4、on责任义务责任义务 request请求请求 advice建议建议 intention意图意图1.情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。，即不随主语的不同而变化。3.情态动词不能独立使用，情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语。须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语。情态动词的定义情态动词的定义情态情态动词动词(Modal verb)What kind of feelings or attitude is expressed?You have to read between the lines because the real messages are
5、 often hiddenIt may seem lucky to you.Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because May we ask what youre doing in this country?You should/ought to/had better go to class right away.What would you do if you were in her situation?necessity 表必表必要性要性possibility 表表可可能和推测能和推测obligation
6、表表责任责任义务性义务性request 表请求或指示表请求或指示advice 表建议表建议intention 表意图和愿望表意图和愿望Functions modal words:A.necessity B.possibility C.obligation D.request E.advice F.intentionAnalyze what the modal verbs express.1.Henry must be an American.2.Henry can be an American.3.Henry could be an American.4.Henry may be an Ame
7、rican.5.Henry might be an American.PossibilityModal verbs used to express possibility:must,can,could,may,mightDegree of possibilityHighLowAnalyze what the modal verbs express.1.You must come at once.2.We have to wear uniforms at school.3.I ought to be on my way.Necessity&ObligationModal verbs used t
8、o express necessity&obligation:must,have to,ought toAnalyze what the modal verbs express.1.Will you please take her to the library?2.Could you offer me work here?3.Can I ask a question?4.May we ask what youre doing in this country?5.Would you please pass me the salt?RequestModal verbs used to expres
9、s request:will,could,can,may,wouldAnalyze what the modal verbs express.1.Henry must accept the bank note.2.Henry could accept the bank note.3.Henry can accept the bank note.4.Henry had better accept the bank note.5.Henry should/ought to accept the bank note.AdviceModal verbs used to express advice:c
10、ould,should,ought to,had better,canStrongerWeakerAnalyze what the modal verbs express.1.You mustnt say things like that.2.You cant open it until two oclock.3.You shouldnt take her help for granted.Negative adviceModal verbs used to express negative advice:mustnt,cant,shouldntAnalyze what the modal v
11、erbs express.1.Would you recommend the play to other people?2.I would like to know the date.3.Id love to go to your birthday party.4.Id rather not pay you now.IntentionModal verbs used to express intention:would,would like to,would love to,would rathermodolities-feelings and attitudeRead the passage
12、 and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.may must can ought to might had better would shouldIn the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends,and with nowhere to stay.While this situation _ seem unusual,it can sometimes ha
13、ppen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad,what _ you do?First,and most importantly,you _stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second,you should go to your nearest consulate.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with s
14、ome local charities.They _offer help to travellers in need.Fourth,you _avoid getting into trouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not do so.Getting caught _ ruin your life.mayshouldmustcanought towouldmighthad bettermightwould选用括号内合适的内容完成下面对话。选用括号内合适的内容完成下面
15、对话。Amanda:Hey,Bob.1._(Can,Will)I ask you a question?Do you have a minute?Bob:Um,I guess so.Ive got a class at ten,but I 2._(should,need)have a few minutes.What is it?Canshould Amanda:Well,I have a second interview for a job tomorrow,and I really 3._(will,should)get ready for it.I 4._(need,may)（to）th
16、ink about what to ask,you know,about salary or benefits and stuff.Bob:Yeah.You 5._(can,ought to)think about what you want.You 6._(can,will)make a list.shouldneed ought to can Amanda:OK.7._(Would,May)you help me?Ive got my laptop.Oh,it 8._(wont,shouldnt)turn on.Bob:You 9._(had better,may)plug it in.O
17、K,so lets see.Do they provide health insurance?Amanda:Oh,I hope so.They 10._(can,might)have it.Dont all companies offer some help with insurance?Would wont had bettermight 1.can&could1.can&could_you speak English?_you speak English?Man _live without air.Man _live without air.Can cannot CanCan I smok
18、e here?I smoke here?Perhaps we Perhaps we cancan go out for a walk.go out for a walk.I m afraid I I m afraid I cantcant go with you.go with you.Can Can abilityability指有能力做某事指有能力做某事,意为意为”能够能够”permission permission 指请求、允许、建议指请求、允许、建议possibilitypossibility指可能性指可能性 Could Could He could swim when he was
19、5.Could you lend me some money?can /could can /could 与与 be able to be able to 的区别的区别be able to be able to 与与can/couldcan/could意义相同，但常用于意义相同，但常用于强调强调通过努力后能做某事，而且可用于多种时态。通过努力后能做某事，而且可用于多种时态。考点The fire spread fast,but everyone in the hotel was able to get out.表示过去的能力表示过去的能力 表示请求更加委婉表示请求更加委婉注意注意can can
20、的惯用语的惯用语On hearing the story,I cannot help laughing.On hearing the story,I cannot help laughing.You cannot be too careful with them.You cannot be too careful with them.cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事忍不住做某事cannot too“无论怎么样无论怎么样.也不为过也不为过,越越越好越好 2.may&2.may&mightmight May I watch TV after supper?Yes,you m
21、ay/can./No,you can not/mustnt.They may/might be having a meeting,but Im not sure.If that is the case,you may/might as well try.(1)句中句中may表示表示_。否定回答时，用否定回答时，用_。(2)句中句中may和和might表示表示_，_可能性更小。可能性更小。(3)句中句中_,意为意为“不妨不妨”允许或征询对方许可允许或征询对方许可can not/mustnt可能性可能性mightmay/might as well 动词原形动词原形may 表示祝愿表示祝愿;但语气较
22、正式但语气较正式:May you succeed!May you have a good journey!might 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。She said that he might take her bike.考点 Would you pass me the ball,please?She said that she would try her best to help us.Each time his mothers birthday came,he would buy her a present.We will do our best
23、to save the child.Oil will float on the water.(1)句中句中would表示表示_，比，比will更委婉客气。更委婉客气。(2)句中句中would和和句中的句中的will表示表示_。(3)句中句中would和和句中的句中的will表示表示_。请求、建议请求、建议意志、愿望和决心意志、愿望和决心习惯性动作或客观真理习惯性动作或客观真理3.will&would 3.will&would Attention:would表示过去的习惯性动作时，暗示表示过去的习惯性动作时，暗示现在仍然如此；现在仍然如此；而而used to表示过去常常做某事，强调表示过去常常做
24、某事，强调现在不是这样了现在不是这样了。1.Each time his mothers birthday came,he would buy her a present.2.My father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.考点【即学即练【即学即练1】单句语法填空】单句语法填空Some aspects of a pilots job be boring,and pilots often have to work at inconvenient hours.They wanted to know how they_ fini
25、sh the homework earlier.Every evening,she sit by the window,deep in thought.You feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended.4.shall&should&ought to 4.shall&should&ought
26、 to Shall Shall 常用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或表决心常用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或表决心Shall we dance?Shall we go by train?I shall go at once.Shall Shall 用于第二，第三人称中，表示说话人的意愿意志，用于第二，第三人称中，表示说话人的意愿意志，给对方的警告或命令、决心、威胁等给对方的警告或命令、决心、威胁等You shall fail if you dont work hard.(You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告）警告）He shall be punishe
27、d.(He shall be punished.(威胁）威胁）用于法律，条约，规章，等文件中，无论主语人称如用于法律，条约，规章，等文件中，无论主语人称如何一律用何一律用shallshall Each student shall arrive at school Each student shall arrive at school before 7:15 in the morning.before 7:15 in the morning.注意 should&ought toshould&ought to1.表示义务或责任,译为为“应该”。We should/ought to learn fr
28、om each other.2.表示建议或劝告，译为为“可以，应该”。You should/ought to try your best to better your performance.3.表示推断,译为”应该”,“可能”,“按道理会”。They should/ought to be there by now.4.should表示意外或惊讶，译为“竟然”。Its strange that he should come so late.I have to wait here because I have no umbrella with me.I must recite the text
29、this morning.Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes,you must./No,you dont have to/you neednt.You mustnt smoke here.Your mother must be waiting for you now.Why must you always interrupt me?(1)句中句中have to和和句中句中must均表示均表示“_”，但，但_是指是指说话人的主观看法，而说话人的主观看法，而_则强调客观需要。则强调客观需要。(2)句中句中must 所构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式
30、通常为所构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式通常为_或或_，意为，意为“不必要不必要”，而一般不说，而一般不说_(句中句中mustnt表示表示“禁止禁止”)。5.must&have to5.must&have to必须必须musthave toneedntdont have tomustnt I have to wait here because I have no umbrella with me.I must recite the text this morning.Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes,you must./No,you dont
31、 have to/you neednt.You mustnt smoke here.Your mother must be waiting for you now.Why must you always interrupt me?5.must&have to5.must&have to(3)_句中句中must 常表示有根据的、比较确定的推测常表示有根据的、比较确定的推测（只用于肯定的陈述句只用于肯定的陈述句），译为，译为“一定一定；必定必定”。(4)句中句中must表示表示“_”。偏要偏要；偏偏偏偏【即学即练【即学即练2】单句语法填空】单句语法填空You be careful with the
32、 camera.It costs!The new law states that people_ drive after drinking alcohol.You help your mother with the housework.It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.To be a top student,we ought _ (be)strict with ourselves about everything we do.I
33、f he dare go,Ill go with him.Tom didnt dare to do it.(1)dare作情态动词时，表示作情态动词时，表示“_”。常用于否定句和疑。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式为问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式为_。(2)dare常用作常用作_ ，有，有_的变化，后面的变化，后面可接可接_。(3)dare 作为实义动词，有如下搭配：作为实义动词，有如下搭配：dare to do sth 敢于做某事敢于做某事 dare sb to do sth 激某人做某事激某人做某事 6.dare&need&had better6.dare&need&had
34、better敢敢；敢于敢于dare not实义动词实义动词时态、人称和数时态、人称和数带带to的不定式的不定式1need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无时态、人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。need的用法的用法You neednt tell him about it this afternoon.2由need引出的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to，而否定回答则常用neednt或dont have to。Need I go now?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.今天下午你不必把此事告诉他。今天下午你不必把此事告诉他。3
35、.need还可作实义动词，此时有人称、时态和数的变化，后面接带to 的动词不定式。常用的结构有两个：need的用法的用法(1)sb.need(s)to do sth.意为意为“某人需要做某事某人需要做某事”(2)sth.need(s)doing/to be done 意为意为“某事某事/某物需要被某物需要被”doing 用主动形式表示被动，用主动形式表示被动，sth.是是 do 所表示动作的承受者。所表示动作的承受者。明天我需要早起。明天我需要早起。我的自行车需要修理。我的自行车需要修理。I need to get up early tomorrow.My bike needs mending
36、/to be mended.You had better get some sleep.You had better not talk with strangers.had better表示表示“_”，使用时常缩写，使用时常缩写为为_，无人称和数的变化，其否定式，无人称和数的变化，其否定式一般把一般把not放在放在had better之之_。had better最好最好d better后后can&could情态动词的用法情态动词的用法(1)表能力，表能力，“能，会能，会”She can speak English.She could play the piano at the age of t
37、hree.be able to能用于各种时态；能用于各种时态；can/could只能表示现在或过只能表示现在或过去的能力。去的能力。was/were able to“设法做成某事设法做成某事”相当于相当于managed to do sth/succeeded in doing sthAll the people trapped in the burning house were able to get out of it.(2)表请求和许可，表请求和许可，“可以可以”，could比比can更加委婉，表示礼貌更加委婉，表示礼貌Can I smoke here?Could I use your c
38、omputer?Yes,you can.(3)can表客观可能性，表客观可能性，“有时候会有时候会”，用于，用于肯定句肯定句A wise man can sometimes make a mistake.(4)can表主观推测，用于表主观推测，用于疑问句疑问句、否定句否定句。肯定句用。肯定句用mustCan the news be true?He cant be at home because I saw him here just now.may&might1.表示请求或请求或允许允许，译为“可以”。might语气较委婉(但并非表示过去)。I wonder if I might ask yo
39、u a favor?You may tell him this.2.表示推测推测,译为“可能”。might比may所表示的可能性更小。That may/might not be true.3.may/might well(很可能);may/might as well(不妨，还是.为好);You may well be right.你很可能是对的。Its freezing cold outside.We may as well stay at home.4.may放在句首，表示祝愿祝愿。May God bless you!shall&should&ought toshall shall用于用于第
40、一、三第一、三人称人称疑问句疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示，请示，“好吗？要不要好吗？要不要？”Shall I open the window for you?Shall he fetch some water for you?shall用于用于第二、三第二、三人称人称陈述句陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警中，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁。告、威胁。You shall do as I say.Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.He shall be punishe
41、d.shall&should&ought toShould/Ought to1.表示义务或责任义务或责任,译为为“应该”。We should/ought to learn from each other.2.表示建议或劝告建议或劝告，译为为“可以，应该”。You should/ought to try your best to better your performance.3.表示推断推断,译为”应该”,“可能”,“按道理会”。They should/ought to be there by now.4.should表示意外或惊讶，表示意外或惊讶，译为“竟然”。Its strange tha
42、t he should come so late.must&have toMust1.must表示“必须”(侧重于主观意愿主观意愿);mustnt表示“禁止”。Must I do my homework now?You mustnt smoke here.2.must表示推测推测，译为“准是，一定是”(只用于肯定句)。若用于否定句或疑问句，则用cant(一定不是)。That cant be the only way.There must be other ways of solving the problem.Have to“必须，不得不”，表示客观需要。而must表示说话人的主观看法。I d
43、ont have to get up early.I had to get up early.will&would表示表示意愿、意志意愿、意志If you will help me with my English,I will be very happy.在在疑问句疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示中，用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意见请求或征求意见，would比比will语气更委婉语气更委婉Will/Would you please give me a hand?表示习惯性的动作，表示习惯性的动作，“总是，常常总是，常常”The old man is strange.He will sit for
44、hours without saying anything.When I was a child,my mother would read me a story every night.need1.need用作情态动词，表示“需要”(无时态与人称的变化)。I need your help.She need not any help.(否定时，直接在情态动词后否定时，直接在情态动词后+not)2.need用作实义动词，通常为“need to do sth”结构或“need+n”(有时态与人称的变化)。need to be done=need V-ing Lily needs more money
45、 to pay for that book.(时态变化时态变化)Lily needed more money to pay for that book at that time.(人称数的变化人称数的变化)Lily doesnt need any more money to pay for that book.(否定，添加助动词否定，添加助动词)dare1.作情态动词，译为“敢”，通常只用于否定句、疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。(无人称变化，有过去式dared)Dare you tell her the truth?I darent ask her this quest
46、ion.2.作实义动词，译为“敢于”，通常为“dare to do sth”(有人称与时态的变化）She dares to go alone.She doesnt dare to go alone.She didnt dare to go alone.The Past Future Tense过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时(The Past Future Tense)过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。语从句中。过去
47、将来时句子中有时包含时间状语过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语 the next day,soon等。等。1.I asked him if Peter would arrive the next day.2.She told me she was going to post the parcel.3.We were about to go there when it begin to rain.4.She didnt say when she was coming again next time.5.I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home
48、for the first time.6.We were to have been married last year.1.would/should+动词原形动词原形2.was/were going to+动词原形动词原形*与与would+动词原形动词原形相比，相比，was/were going to+动词原形有动词原形有打算、计划打算、计划的含义。的含义。3.was/were about to+动词原形动词原形4.go,come,leave,start,meet等动词的等动词的过去进行时过去进行时，表示就过去的某，表示就过去的某一时刻而言一时刻而言即将发生即将发生的动作。的动作。5.was/
49、were to do;表示曾经计划做某事，并且从现在看已经实现。表示曾经计划做某事，并且从现在看已经实现。当表示当表示“原计划做某事但是最终未发生原计划做某事但是最终未发生”，用，用was/were to have done.Complete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.1.Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera.He _ _(watch)with his girlfriend on
50、 the weekend.2.I was so surprised at the news that David _ (play)the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.3.Lily decided that she _(settle)in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.4.Hey,Timmy.I _(call)you.But now that you are here,I dont have to.5.The comp
