1、第四讲 虚拟语气一、 非真实条件状语从句中的虚拟语气(与事实时态再过去一个时态) 1表示与现在事实相反的假设条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词用 were），主句中的谓语动词用“wouldshouldcouldmight动词原形”。 If I were you，I would buy that house.如果我是你，我会买那所房子。 If he had time， he should go with you.如果他有时间，他会跟你一起去。2表示与过去事实相反的假设条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词用“would，shouldcouldmighthave过去分词
2、”。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the examination 3 表示与将来事实相反的假设 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词用 were）或“shouldwere to动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“wouldshouldcouldmight动词原形”。If it were to rain tomorrow， the football match would be put off.4 省略if的虚拟条件句 当虚拟条件句中有should、had、were时，可以省略if，并把shoul
3、d、had、were提至主语前，变为倒装句。Had he seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book.假如他昨天看见了你，他就会把书还给你。Should it rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨运动会就会推迟。5 错综虚拟条件句 当条件状语从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，就形成了混合虚拟语气。此时，从句和主句根据各自谓语动作发生的时间，采用相应的谓语动词形式。If I shouldnt have an exam this afternoon，I
4、 would go shopping now.如果不是今天下午要考试，我现在就去购物了。（从句指将来，主句指现在）If you had taken my advice then， you wouldnt be in trouble now.如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。（从句指过去，主句指现在） 6含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不通过if条件从句表达出来，而是通过一些词或短语，如with、without、otherwise、but for等表示或隐含在上下文中。Im really busy，otherwise，I would certainly go with you.But for
5、 the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.练全题点1单句语法填空1.I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one,I (injure).2.Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths (fall) since their highest in 2005.3.If I (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it
6、.4.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.5.If Mr.Dewey (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.6.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they (come) to our help.7.We (be
7、) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.8.Had he (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late fo the meeting.二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法（1）在表示“命令、建议、要求”等的动词，如suggest、order、insist等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。I suggest that we （should） set off at once.我建议我们立刻出发。I recommend
8、 that everyone （should） attend the party.我提议大家都参加这次聚会。l 当 suggest表示“暗示；表明”，insist表示“坚称”时，其后的从句不用虚拟语气。The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to this plan.他脸上的微笑表明他同意这个计划。The boy insisted that he hadnt broken the window.这个小男孩坚称他没有打碎窗户。（2）在wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的假设，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设，用“wou
9、ldcouldmight动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的假设。I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。I wish I had known the answer to the question.我希望当时知道这个问题的答案。（3）在 would rather后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设。I would rather that you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I would rather that you hadnt to
10、ld him.我宁愿你没有告汇 2 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法表示“建议、命令、主张”等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。He gave orders that the guests （should） be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。3虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在“It is necessaryimportantstrangenatural. that.”“It is requestedsuggesteddesiredproposed. that.”和“It is a
11、pitya rulea shamea surpriseno wonder.that.”等句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is important that we （should） think before we decide.三思而后行是重要的。It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children alone.4虚拟语气的其他用法（1）在“Its（highabout）time that”句型中，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式
12、或“should动词原形”。It is high time that you wentshould go to school.到你上学的时间了。（2）在if only引导的从句中，需要用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用一般过去时（be动词用were）或过去完成时。If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明就好了！（3）在as if引导的从句中，用一般过去时（be动词用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设，用“wouldcouldmightshould动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的假设。They talked as if they
13、 had been friends for years.他们说话的样子好像是多年的朋友似的。练全题点2单句语法填空1.I told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refusec to give up and insisted she (go).2.I wish I (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.3.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her.4.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do)it?5.We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us, but it is he choice, and she is not a child any longer.
