1、2021 考研英语大纲变动一览表 第一部分 附录 1 词汇表 1.新增词汇 顺序顺序新增新增音标音标 释义释义 a aftermath /ftrm/ 后果；余波 aggregate /rt/ 合计；集合体 albeit /lbit/ 虽然，尽管 algorithm /lrm/ 算法，运算法则 align /lan/ 使结盟；使成一行 archive /rkav/ 档案馆；档案文件 arena /rin/ 舞台；竞技场 artifact /rtfkt/ 人工制品，手工艺品 b bearing /ber/ 轴承；关系 bolster /bolstr/ 长枕，垫枕 brevity /brevti/
2、简洁，简短 c check /tek/ 检查，核对 concurrent /knkrnt/ 并发的；一致的 configuration /knfjren/ 配置；结构 contingent /kntndnt/ 偶然（发生）的 convene /knvin/ 召集，集合 coronavirus /kronvars/ 冠状病毒 corporate /krprt/ 法人的；共同的，全体的 culminate /klmnet/ 到绝顶；达到高潮 cumulative /kjumjletv/ 累积的 d daunting /dnt/ 使人畏缩的；使人气馁的 demographic /demrfk/ 人口
3、结构的；人口统计的 deplete /dplit/ 耗尽，用尽 deploy /dpl/ 配置；展开 deter /dtr/ 制止，阻止 directly /drektli,darektli/ 直接地；立即 discrete /dskrit/ 离散的，不连续的 discretion /dskren/ 自由裁量权；谨慎 drone /dron/ 嗡嗡声 dual /dul/ 双的；双重的 e elicit /lst/ 引出；探出 empathy /empi/ 同感；共鸣 enquiry/inquiry /nkwri,nkwari/ 调查；查究 epic /epk/ 叙事诗；史诗 equity /
4、ekwti/ （公司的）股本；资产净值 erode /rod/ 侵蚀；腐蚀 f facet /fst/ （事物的）部分，方面 g gadget /dt/ 小器具；小装置 i icon /akn/ 图标；图符 imminent /mnnt/ 即将发生的；临近的 inflict /nflkt/ 使遭受打击；使吃苦头 influenza /nfluenz/ 流感 invoke /nvok/ 援引，援用 j jurisdiction /drsdkn/ 司法权；审判权 l lawsuit /lsut/ 诉讼；起诉 lucrative /lukrtv/ 赚大钱的；获利多的 m mandate /mndet
5、/ 授权；命令 media /midi/ 媒体 mediate /midiet/ 调停；调解 mentor /mentr/ 导师；顾问 o overt /ovrt,ovrt/ 公开的；明显的 p paradigm /prdam/ 典范；范例 plagiarism /pledrzm/ 抄袭；剽窃 policewoman /pliswmn/ 女警察 protocol /protkl/ 协议；草案 propagate /prpet/ 传播；宣传 proximate /prksmt/ 近似的；最近的 q quarantine /kwrntin/ （为防传染的）隔离期；检疫 query /kwri/ 疑
6、问；询问 r resilient /rzlint/ 迅速恢复的；有适应力的 rhetoric /retrk/ 华而不实的言语；花言巧语 s sibling /sbl/ 兄；弟；姐；妹 situate /stuet/ 使位于；使坐落于 slump /slmp/ （价格、数量等）骤降，猛跌 stagnate /stnet/ 停滞；不发展 stance /stns/ 立场；姿态 stipulate /stpjulet/ 规定；明确要求 surveillance /srvelns/ 监督；监视 t tangible /tndbl/ 有形的；实际的 temporal /temprl/ 暂时的；当时的 t
7、ransition /trnzn,trnsn/ 过渡；转变 u usually /juuli,juli/ 通常地；正常地 v variance /verins,vrins/ 变化幅度；差额 venue /venju/ 聚会地点；举行场所 viable /vabl/ 可实施的；切实可行的 volatile /vltl/ 易变的；无定性的 w warranty /wrnti/ 保证；担保 wary /weri/ 小心的，谨慎的 whereby /werba/ 凭此；借以 worker /wrkr/ 工作者；人员 workout /wrkat/ 锻炼 2.变动词汇 顺序顺序 2020 大纲大纲 20
8、21 大纲大纲 a aesthetic/esthetic （a）esthetic air-conditioning air conditioning aluminium/aluminum alumin（i）um amid amid（st） analog（u）e analog（ue） analyse/analyze analyse/-yze anybody anybody/anyone anyway=anyhow anyway anyhow apologise/apologize apologise/-ize appal/appall appal（l） autumn autumn/fall ax
9、/axe ax（e） b bible Bible bacterium（pl.bacteria） bacteria behaviour/behavior behavio（u）r bypass/by-pass bypass c caf cafe/caf catalogue/catalogue catalog（ue） centigrade centigrade/Celsius centimetre/centimeter centimetre/-ter centre/center centre/-ter chairman chairman/chairwoman/chairperson characte
10、rise/characterize characterise/-ize child（pl.children） child cigaret/cigarette cigaret（te） civilisation/civilization civilisation/-zation civilise/civilize civilise/-ize colour/color colo（u）r connexion/connection connection/-xion cosy cosy/-zy crisis（pl.crises） crisis criterion（pl.criteria） criterio
11、n criticise/criticize criticise/-ize curriculum（pl.curricula） curriculum d defence/defense defense/-ce dialogue/dialog dialog（ue） distill distil（l） e emphasise/emphasize emphasise/-ize encyclopaedia/encyclopedia encyclop（a）edia endeavour/endeavor endeavo（u）r enroll/enrol enrol（l） f favour/favor favo
12、（u）r favourable/favorable favo（u）rable favourite/favorite favo（u）rite fertiliser/fertilizer fertiliser/-zer fibre/fiber fibre/-ber flavour/flavor flavo（u）r foot（pl.feet） foot formula（pl.formulae） formula fulfil/fulfill fulfil（l） g generalise/generalize generalise/-ize glamour/glamor glamo（u）r goodby
13、/goodbye goodbye goose（pl.geese） goose gramme/gram gram（me） h hamburge hamburger/burger harbour/harbor harbo（u）r hero hero/heroin heroin honour/honor hono（u）r honourable/honorable hono（u）rable host host/hostess hostess humour/humor humo（u）r humorous humo（u）rous i ice-cream ice cream index（pl. indexe
14、s， indices index industrialise/industrialize industrialise/-ize instal/install instal（l） installment instal（l）ment Internet Internet/internet j jewellery/jewelery jewel（le）ry judgement/judgment judg（e）ment k kilo/kilogramme/kilogram kilogram（me）/kilo kilometre/kilometer kilometre/-ter l labour/labor
15、 labo（u）r licence/license license/-ce litre/liter litre/-ter living-room living room m madame/madam madam marvellous/marvelous marvel（l）ous maths/math/mathematics mathematics/math（s） medium（pl.media） medium memo memorandum/memo memorandum metre/meter metre/-ter millimetre/millimeter millimetre/-ter
16、minimise/minimize minimise/-ize mobilise/mobilize mobilise/-ize modernisation/modernization modernisation/-zation mould/mold mo（u）ld mouse（pl.mice） mouse n neighbour/neighbor neighbo（u）r neighbourhood/neighborhood neighbo（u）rhood normalisation/normalization normalisation/-zation nucleus（pl.nuclei） n
17、ucleus o odour/odor odo（u）r often often/oftentimes okay/O.K./OK okay/OK organisation/organization organisation/-zation organise/organize organise/-ize ought ought to owing owing to p paralyse/paralyze paralyse/-yze petrol petrol/gasoline/gasolene postman postman/mailman practise practise/-ice practi
18、ce programme/programe program（me） proceeding proceedings r railroad railway/railroad railway realise/realize realise/-ize recognise/recognize recognise/-ize reflexion/reflection reflection/-xion resume resume/rsum rumour/rumor rumo（u）r s salesman salesman/saleswoman/salesperson skeptical sceptical/s
19、keptical skillful/skilful skil（l）ful specialise/specialize specialise/-ize spokesman spokesman/spokeswoman/spokesperson sportsman sportsman/sportswoman static（al） static steward steward（ess） storey/story stor（e）y summarise/summarize summarise/-ize sympathise/sympathize sympathise/-ize systematic（al）
20、 systematic t tactic（s） tactic technology technology/tech telephone telephone/phone theatre/theater theatre/-ter thesis（pl.theses） thesis tooth（pl.teeth） tooth trolly/trolley trolley u utilise/utilize utilise/-ize v vapour/vapor vapo（u）r w waggon/wagon wag（g）on waiter waiter/waitress waitress while
21、while/whilst whisky/whiskey whisk（e）y y yourself（pl. yourselves） yourself yourselves 3.删减词汇 顺序 删减 a acrobat adjoin amplifier b bosom brim brittle brook c caress d daunt defendant disgrace f fell fitting g gasolene/gasoline gallop h highland i inlet inquiry/enquiry l loudspeaker m moss mutton n Negro
22、 o overpass p pail phone piston prick q quartz quench r rain rainbow rotary ruby s seaside sham shopkeeper slit snowstorm t tar telegram telescope tramp u uproar w weld wreath z zinc 第二部分 附录 2 常用的前缀和后缀 1.新增 序号 具体内容 1 a-： not or without； in a particular condition or way typicallyatypically wakeawake
23、2 ante-： before or earlier； in front of dateantedate roomanteroom 3 cyber-： relating to computers， the Internet， and virtual reality crimecybercrime 4 down-： lower in position， amount， quality， or importance riverdownriver sizedownsize 5 e-： electronic， on or using the Internet commercee-commerce 6
24、eco-： connected with the environment disastereco-disaster 7 hemi-： half spherehemisphere 8 hyper-： more than usual tensionhypertension 9 hypo-： less than usual tensionhypotension 10 meta-： beyond， higher analysismeta-analysis 11 milli-： one thousandth part of metermillimeter 12 neo-： new or recent，
25、or in a modern form classicismneoclassicism 13 off-： not on or away from stageoffstage 14 oft-： often quotedoft-quoted 15 omni-： all， completely presentomnipresent 16 pan-： including or relating to all parts or members Africanpan-African 17 para-： beyond； similar to but not official or not fully qua
26、lified normalparanormal medicparamedic 18 retro-： back or backwards activeretroactive 19 up-： at or towards the higher or better part； moved or changed completely marketupmarket endupend 20 -ing surfsurfing 21 -let bookbooklet dropdroplet 22 -y inquireinquiry orthodoxorthodoxy 23 -ed talenttalented
27、bad temperbad-tempered 24 -esque picturepicturesque RomanRomanesque 25 -friendly useruser-friendly environmentenvironment-friendly 2.变动 序号 2020 大纲 2021 大纲 1 aero-：concerning the air or aircraft planeaeroplane spaceaerospace aero-：concerning the air or aircraft dynamicaerodynamic spaceaerospace 2 ant
28、i-：against；opposite of； nuclear-antinuclear matter-antimatter war-antiwar anti- ： opposed to ； the opposite of ； preventing povertyanti-poverty climaxanticlimax theftantitheft 3 auto-：of or by yourself biographyautobiography criticism-auto criticism auto-：of or by yourself； working by itself biograp
29、hyautobiography pilotautopilot 4 be-：to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend littlebelittle be-：treat as； wearing or covered with littlebelittle jewelbejewelled 5 bi-：two； twice； double lingual-bilingual cycle-bicycle bi-：two； occurring twice or at intervals of two lateralbilateral annualbiannu
30、al 6 bio-：concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry bio-：relating to life or living things diversitybiodiversity 7 by-， bye-： less important productby-product waybyway by-：less important productby-product 8 centi-：hundredth part of a unit gradecentigrade metercentimeter centi-：one hundredth； h
31、undred litercentiliter gradecentigrade 9 co-：together； with authorcoauthor existcoexist co- ： together ； sharing a job or responsibility existcoexist authorcoauthor 10 col-： （used before l） together， with locationcollocation col-： （used before l） together locationcollocation 11 com-： （used before b，
32、 m， p） together， with passioncompassion com-： （used before b， m， p） together passioncompassion 12 con-：together， with centricconcentric federationconfederation con-：together federationconfederation 13 contra-：opposite dictioncondiction naturalcontranatural contra-：against， opposite flowcontraflow 14
33、 cor-： （used before r） together， with relatecorrelate respondcorrespond cor-： （used before r） together relatecorrelate 15 counter-：opposite actcounteract attackcounterattack counter-： against， opposite ； in the opposite direction； corresponding examplecounter-example clockwisecounterclockwise partco
34、unterpart 16 cross-：across； going between the stated things and joining them countrycross-country breedcrossbreed cross-：across； combining or involving different things bordercross-border culturalcross-cultural 17 de-： showing an opposite； to remove； to reduce codedecode valuedevalue de-：do the oppo
35、site of； remove； reduce activatedeactivate frostdefrost valuedevalue 18 dis-：not； the opposite of advantagedisadvantage agreedisagree honestdishonest dis-：the opposite of； stop or remove honestydishonesty connectdisconnect 19 em-： （used before b， m， p） to cause to become bodyembody powerempower em-：
36、 （used before b， m， p） put into or onto， or provide with； cause to be powerempower bitterembitter 20 en-：to cause to become； to make dangerendanger largeenlarge en-：put into or onto， or provide with； cause to be dangerendanger largeenlarge 21 ex-：former（and still living） ministerex-minister wifeex-w
37、ife ex-：former wifeex-wife 22 extra-：outside； beyond curricularextracurricular extra-：outside or beyond； very or more than normal ordinaryextraordinary curricularextracurricular largeextra-large 23 fore-： in advance， before； in or at the front armforearm warnforewarn fore-：before or in advance； in o
38、r at the front of tellforetell nameforename 24 il-： （used before l） not legalillegal literateilliterate il-： （used before l） not logicalillogical 25 im-： （used before b， m， p） not moralimmoral possibleimpossible im-： （used before b， m， p） not moralimmoral 26 in-：not directindirect sensitiveinsensiti
39、ve in-：not sensitiveinsensitive 27 infra-： below in a range； beyond redinfrared structureinfrastructure infra-：below something in a range sonicinfrasonic 28 inter-：between； among changeinterchange nationalinternational inter-：between； involving two or more stateinterstate nationalinternational 29 in
40、tra-：inside， within； into cityintracity departmentintra-department intra-：within； into Europeanintra-European muscularintramuscular 30 ir-： （used before r） not regularirregular responsibleirresponsible ir-： （used before r） not regularirregular 31 kilo-：thousand gramkilogram meterkilometer kilo-：thou
41、sand meterkilometer 32 macro-： large， esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economicsmacroeconomics structuremacrostructure macro-：large， large-scale economicsmacroeconomics 33 mal-：bad or badly functionmalfunction treatmaltreat mal-： bad or badly； not correct or correctly p
42、racticemalpractice functionmalfunction 34 micro-：extremely small computermicrocomputer electronicsmicroelectronics micro-： small， small-scale； one millionth part of organismmicroorganism secondmicrosecond 35 mid-：middle daymidday mid-：the middle of a particular period of time or a particular place n
43、ightmidnight Septembermid-September westmidwest 36 mono-：one； single planemonoplane tonemonotone mono-：one， single lingualmonolingual 37 multi-：more than one； many purposemultipurpose nationalmultinational multi-：more than one or two， many nationalmultinational purposemultipurpose 38 non-：not reside
44、ntnon（-）resident sensenonsense non-：not smokernon-smoker 39 out-：outside； beyond liveoutlive dooroutdoor out-：bigger， further， greater， etc； outside or beyond liveoutlive dooroutdoor 40 over-：too much； above； additional headoverhead timeovertime over-：too much； above； additional weightoverweight hea
45、doverhead timeovertime 41 poly-：many centricpolycentric syllabicpolysyllabic poly-：many centricpolycentric 42 post-：later than； after graduatepostgraduate warpostwar post-：after or later than warpostwar 43 pre-：before； in advance payprepay warprewar pre-：before or in advance industrialpre-industrial
46、 44 pro-：in favor of， supporting Americapro-America abortionpro-abortion pro-：in favor of， supporting； acting as a substitute for Europeanpro-European nounpronoun 45 pseudo-：not real； false namepseudonym sciencepseudoscience pseudo-：false or not real sciencepseudoscience 46 re-：again；back to the for
47、mer state unitereunite usereuse re-：again； again in a better or different way； back to a former state applyreapply writerewrite unitereunite 47 self-：by means of oneself or itself； of， to， with， for， or in oneself or itself self-：relating to yourself or itself evidentself-evident employedself-employed taughtself-taught 48 semi-：half；partly circlesemicircle finalsemifinal semi-：half； partial or partly circlesemicircle conscioussemiconscious 49 step-： not by birth but through a parent who has remarried motherstepmother childrenstep
