1、被动语态（被动语态（The Passive Voice)Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。）。）注意：。1.被动语态被动语态结构：结构：be+过去分词过去分词(PP)+(by)2.2.如何从主动语态如何从主动语态变为变为被动语态？被动语态？1.The boy broke the glass.The glass was brok
2、en by the boy.2.The boy is reading a book.The book is being read by the boy.1.1.主语主语2.2.谓语谓语3.3.宾语宾语介词介词by by 宾语宾语bebe+过去分词过去分词主语主语1、Theymakethebikesinthefactory.2、Allthepeoplelaughedathim.3、Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thebikesare madebytheminthefactoryHewas laughed at byallpeople.Thiswatchcan be
3、repaired intwodays.时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时2 一般过去时一般过去时3 一般将来时一般将来时4 过去将来时过去将来时5 现在进行时现在进行时6 过去进行时过去进行时7 现在完成时现在完成时8 过去完成时过去完成时9 含情态动词含情态动词am/is/are+过去分词过去分词do/doesdidshall/will+动词原形动词原形would+动词原形动词原形am/is/are+doingwas/were+doinghave/has+过去分词过去分词had+过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形was/were+过去分词过去分
4、词shall/will+be+过去分词过去分词would+be+过去分词过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词注：注：1.被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词动词 助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词构成。构成。2.人称和时态的变化体现在人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。词在任何时态中都不改变。被动语态举例被动语态举例TheGrea
5、tWallwas builtmorethan2000yearsold.Anewbridgeis being builtacrosstheChangjiangRiver.Theprojectwill(isgoingto)be finishednextmonth.Manytreeshave been plantedaroundthelake.Oldpeopleshould be takencareof/lookedafter.Bookscant be takenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaugheda
6、t.被动语态应注意的问题被动语态应注意的问题1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人人”提前做主语；将提前做主语；将“物物”提前则要在提前则要在“人人”的前的前面加面加to或或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.-Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.-Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.2.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb.ask/tell/allow/encourage/pr
7、omisesb.to do sth.to do sth.结构结构：Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.Wetoplantmoretrees.should be allowedare encouraged3、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词在主动
8、语态中后面接的动词不定式省略不定式省略toto，改为被动语态时一定要补上，改为被动语态时一定要补上toto。Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.-Hesinginthenextroom.Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.-Wedoallkindsofwork.注注：当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb see/hear/watch sb doingdoing sth sth时，变时，变为被动语态时，为被动语态时，doingdoing不变。如：不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动主动)He was seen
9、going into the shop.(被动被动)was heard towere made to4、主语从句主语从句 汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大家大家说说”等常见的宾语从句句型。等常见的宾语从句句型。Itssaid/reported/believed/that据说/报道/认为 Itssuggestedthat有人建议 Itswellknownthat众所周知 eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道，一个老人在大街上慢慢走着的时候，被一辆快速从旁边经过的汽车撞倒了。Itisr
10、eportedthatwhenanoldmanwaswalkingonthestreetatalowspeed,hewasknockeddownbyacarpassingbyatahighspeed.5、没有被动语态的动词和词组、没有被动语态的动词和词组1.不及物动词如happen,appear,belongto,takeplace,breakout等无被动语态A traffic accident _(happen)just now.2.连系动词无被动语态，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。Peking Opera _(sound)beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态
11、，如haveownI have a bike.happenedsounds4.wash,write,sell,wear此动词表示事物的自然此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，属性的时候，不用被动语态不用被动语态,常用常用副词well,easily修饰。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(这衣服较好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）5.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthse
12、eing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.1.This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,_ well.A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold2.Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself.Sorry.The book you ask for_ out.A.is selling B.is sold C.was selling D.
13、will be sold3.Han Hans books are popular.They _ by many teenagers.A.is read B.was read C.are read D.were read4.At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.More chances _ to students to learn from each other.A.offer B.are offered C.have offered D.are offering 5.Didnt you see the sig
14、n“No Parking!”on the right?Sorry,I didnt.But now I know parking _ here.A.wasnt allowed B.isnt allowed C.wont allow D.doesnt allow6.The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school.A.is taken B.are taken C.take D.takes 7.Have you finished your project?Not yet.Ill finish
15、 it if I _ ten more minutes.A.give B.am given C.will give D.will be given8.This pair of shoes _ hand,and it _ very comfortable.A.is made with;is felt B.are made from;is felt C.are made of;feels D.is made by;feels9.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves
16、 D.served10.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _.A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided11.This is Teds phone.We miss him a lot.He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing12.-Have you move into the new house?-Not yet,the rooms _.A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting
