1、阅读理解之阅读理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题Hello virus from WuhanAnother problem is（1）againBecause you see the contagion creepingAnd the（2）is indeed spreadingAnd the memory of SARS plantedin my brainStill remainsWe stand and（3）the virusWe hear of theories how it grewFrom snakes and bats became a（4）Passing the sickness fro
2、m man to manNow its growing,Getting out of（5）Its a virus that has traveled near and far CoronaWe have to fight the virusAnd in the latest（6）I sawTen thousand people may be morePeople falling sick with much（7）People falling ill with much sneezingPeople worried for their（8）and their ones so dearPneumo
3、niaWe keep the fight the virusKeep your (9 )clean always knowHygiene will stop that virus growWhen you sneeze cover with a (10 )Even coughing just let me teach youWear a (11 )if youre sickSo that others wont get it tooWe (12 )on youTo help to fight the virusTogether we must (13 )To beat the virus fi
4、ght as oneFor a life of health and (14 )Its in our hands its up to you and meFor the health of our (15 )Of our friends and familyHumanityWe will win thisFight the virus答案答案Keys:1-5:here;virus;fight;flu;hand;6-10:news;coughing;health;hand;tissue11-15:mask;count;overcome;harmony;land1 1题型及简介题型及简介2 2解题
5、策略解题策略3 34 4课前例题回顾及典型例题分析课前例题回顾及典型例题分析summary123段落大意全文大意最佳标题 easydifficult Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?The first paragraph is mainly about_ The main idea of the last but one paragraph is_ Whats the main idea/theme/topic of the passage?Whats the passage mainly about?The general/main id
6、ea of the passage is_ What does the passage mainly focus on?Which is the best title for the text?Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the passage?What can be a suitable title for the text?What is the best title for the passage?新闻报道新闻报道导语提携全文导语提携全文议论文议论文 总总-分分-总总（论点论据结论）（论点论
7、据结论）说明文说明文主题句主题句（首中尾）（首中尾）记叙文记叙文记叙文六要素记叙文六要素文首文首文末文末例子例子/假设后假设后进入主题进入主题 没有没有主题句：找主题句：找反复出现反复出现的词语的词语5.无法区分干扰项与正确选项2.只见树木不见森林-以偏概全3.主观意识主宰一切-“我思故我在”4.不关注重点句，关键词，执着于长难句1.词汇量6.过于笼统 123段落大意全文大意最佳标题 依据段落结构，找出段落依据段落结构，找出段落主题句主题句；无；无主题句则关注与本段内容相关的主题句则关注与本段内容相关的关键关键词词，进行归纳，进行归纳（P15 P15）1.首尾法首尾法2.定位法定位法3.无明显
8、主题句时找无明显主题句时找高频词高频词4.4.同义同义概括法概括法 5.5.排除法排除法 （P14P14）1.概括性（体现文章主旨）概括性（体现文章主旨）2.针对性针对性（标题不可过大或过小）（标题不可过大或过小）3.醒目性（吸引注意力）醒目性（吸引注意力）Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.Th
9、e vehicle-named the Transition-has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reached around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.Its flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5
10、gallon per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets 35 miles per gallon.(P15)What is the first paragraph mainly about?What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.典型例题
11、及解题方法典型例题及解题方法 1段落大意 Practice 1 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle afte
12、r many years and still ride away,He can play,catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins“Twinkle,twinkle,little star”or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.Whats the main ide
13、a of paragraph 1?A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.Practice 2Note：主题总结以所在段落为主，关主题总结以所在段落为主，关注主题句或者关键词，忽略无关信息注主题句或者关键词，忽略无关信息或者其他段落，注意异形同义词或者其他段落，
14、注意异形同义词 Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtels“me”time.And like more Americans,shes not alone.A new report found 46%of meals are eaten alone in American.More than h
15、alf(53%)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46%)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74%,according to statistics from the report.That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking f
16、or a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep our company at the table.“It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar
17、 Louie by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for 2 全文大意 Practice 3What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.Practice 4 “Basically,in life,rule of thumb:if
18、you dont absolutely have to clean anything,dont clean it.”Fashion designer Stella McCartney said this in an interview with the Observer this weekend.Instead,she says,the“rule”is to“let the dirt dry and you brush it off”.It may have been a throwaway comment at the end of the interview,but something a
19、bout this line impressed readers-many of whom have been doing several loads of laundry a week.So does she have a point?Is it better to avoid washing your clothes?.She advised against overloading washing machines for the same reason-fewer clothes in the drum means theres less friction.But its not jus
20、t about microfibres.Washing an item of clothing too often can largely shorten its lifespan,meaning that youre more likely to throw it out and buy something new.(P16)What is the main idea of the passage?A.Why we should stop washing clothes.B.A practical rule of washing clothes.C.Fashion designers rec
21、ommendation.D.How to lengthen clothes life span.Note：全文大意关注主题句，找不到全文大意关注主题句，找不到主题句的找出关键词，合理归纳总结主题句的找出关键词，合理归纳总结 Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning
22、 them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.HUNCH is
23、 designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think theyre close to a solution（解决方案).We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,says Flore
24、nce Gold,a project manager.There are no tests,Gordon says.There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other thanAre you working towards your goal?Basically,its Ive got to produce this product and then,at the end of year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review,a
25、ndits not a very nice thing at time.Its a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响)on college admissions and practical life skills.These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his stude
26、nts are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA:The Home of Astronauts.B.Space:The Final Homework Frontier.C.Nature:An Outdoor Classroom.D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.3最佳标题 Practice 5 Californi
27、a has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was s
28、pared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to t
29、he decline,said Patrick Mclntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing
30、a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees
31、 had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt(融
32、雪).Since the 1930s,Mclntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.Practice 6What can be a suitable title
33、for the text?A.Californias Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick Mclntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California.文章的主题句或者说文章的主题句或者说“文眼文眼”是贯穿全文的灵魂，找到了是贯穿全文的灵魂，找到了主题句主题句，就，就找到了解题的
34、思路。找到了解题的思路。(1)主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾开头、中间、结尾（含（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。章或段落的首尾句是关键。(2)找找主题句的小窍门主题句的小窍门 1)首段出现首段出现疑问句疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨；时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨；首段首段出现出现具体例子或假设具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨。时，例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨。2)作者有意识地作者有意识
35、地反复重复的观点反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词；一般为体现文章主旨的关键词；3)段落中出现表转折的词语（段落中出现表转折的词语（如如however,thus,in fact,actually等）等）时，该句很可能是主题句；时，该句很可能是主题句；推敲选项正误的小窍门推敲选项正误的小窍门：1)正确选项不出现细节信息。2)正确选项一般不含过分肯定或者绝对过分肯定或者绝对意义的词。3)正确选项一般有抽象名词或概括性词语。4)四个选项中，内容完全相反内容完全相反的两个选项中，往往有一个是正确选项。5）注意积累一些常见的习语谚语等 5)
36、干扰项特点：概括不够概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。Practice More！Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and th
37、e status seekers.The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable be
38、havior.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He tra
39、nsferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for f
40、our years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years
41、,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five t
42、o ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Already well over 400 of the total of,6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Lipan Apache in the Unite
43、d States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What is the main idea of the text？A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography deter
44、mines language evolution.With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture,it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first 15 minutes;it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their py
45、jamas(睡衣).Obviously,students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报)systems,this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically,the preferr
46、ed sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents,which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the night owl schedule of sleep.This is opposed to the early bird schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individua
47、l tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only
48、 10 percent can be classified as early birds-the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students,for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.What docs the text mainly
49、talk about？AFunctions of the body clock.BThe night owl phenomenon.CHuman beings sleep behaviour.DThe school schedule of early birds.For Western designers,China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration
50、for designers,says Amanda Hill,chief creative officer at A+E Networks,a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.The most famous designers are Chinese,so are the models,and so
