1、2021 新高考全国卷英语完形填空 5 大命题趋势分析指导 研究近三年全国卷完形填空题型，我们不难发现较之 2016 年之前， 如今的完形填空俨然成为难度最大、区分度最大的题型之一。今 天，就近三年出现的最新命题套路略作探讨，为大家梳理答题策 略。 【例题】 01 01 安徽省江南十校高三安徽省江南十校高三 4 4 月考试英语完形填空月考试英语完形填空 题目部分题目部分 阅读下面短文，从短文后各给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Jeremy Locke, 25, has his own roofing company in Bridgeport, Nova
2、 Scotia. For a couple of years before he began his 41 , he would drive past the home of Jeanette MacDonald, noticing the 42 state of her roof. He was 43 -not just for the elderly woman but also for the children living with her. So Locke 44 to lend a helping hand. The young man knocked on MacDonalds
3、door and 45 to fix her roof for nothing, “I didnt know who the woman was, but I wanted to 46 this for her and her grandchildren,” he explained to The Chronicle Herald. However, despite his kind 47 , the woman politely turned him down.MacDonald and her 48 left an impression on Locke. He saw 49 betwee
4、n the woman and his own grandmother, and couldnt bear to see her in this 50 . He had also grown up without muh and felt that he should use his skills to 51 .A year after Locke set up his own roofing company, seeing that the roof was 52 in a state of disrepair, Locke returned to MacDonalds home and a
5、sked MacDonald if she wanted to enter a raffle(抽奖) his company was doing for a 53 roof. The seventy-year-old woman 54 the chance, but little did she know that there was no 55 .MacDonalds relief 56 Locke s kindness is immeasurable, “I couldnt win $1 million but it wouldnt make me as 57 as knowing Im
6、getting a new roof on. Jeremy is 58 something. Hes a guardian angel(守护天使) sent from God.” The 59 should cost about $9,000 in terms of materials and manpower. However, the only thing Locke wants in return is a home-cooked meal for his staff from the woman who 60 him of his grandmother . 41. A. journe
7、y B. business C. research D. life 42. A. average B. unexpected C. special D. terrible 43. A. frightened B. embarrassed C. concerned D. disappointed 44. A. decided B. appeared C. agreed D. happened 45. A. declined B. offered C. managed D. pretended 46. A. catch up with B. take care of C. get rid of D
8、. put up with 47. A. application B. reaction C. theory D.intention 48. A. hesitation B. shame C. regret D. difficulty 49. A. symbols B. conditions C. similarities D. beliefs 50. A. situation B. occupation C. incident D. direction 51. A. respond B. give C. help D. develop 52. A. still B. even C. alre
9、ady D. just 53. A. temporary B. delicate C. random D. free 54. A. went over B. jumped at C. laughed off D. looked into 55. A. competition B. cheating C. dilemma D. chance 56. A. comparing B. withdrawing C. following D. contradicting 57. A. strong B. lucky C. happy D. rich 58. A. partly B. possibly C
10、. generally D. really 59. A. room B. job C. meal D. decoration 60. A. reminds B. warns C. convinces D. informs 答案部分 41-45 BDCAB 46-50 BDDCA 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CCDBA 02 02 以该篇完形填空为例探究命题趋势以该篇完形填空为例探究命题趋势 I 单词考核 即利用学生对词意或词性掌握的模糊缺陷出题。 命题套路命题套路 1 1 利用考生对常见的高频近义词无法精准辨析命题利用考生对常见的高频近义词无法精准辨析命题 第第 6060 题题 How
11、ever, the only thing Locke wants in return is a home-cooked meal for his staff from the woman who 60 him of his grandmother .A. reminds（正确选项） D. informs（强干扰项） 解析解析 不少学生选 D。实际上，inform 在语用中指的是对方不知情， “告知”对方以让对方知道。Remind 指对方本来就知道某件事， 只是再次“提醒或让对方回忆起”。结合上文第 3 段的 He saw similarities between the woman and h
12、is own grandmother.,可知这位老 太太让 Locke 回忆起自己的奶奶。结论 研究近 3 年高考真题，我 们不难发现命题专家在完形填空命题过程中所遴选的词汇并不是 3500 个必考词汇中难认、难写的那些词，而基本都是对同学们来说 极为常见却又很难精准把握的词汇。 命题套路命题套路 2 2 利用有些考生遇到不太熟悉的单词或短语，要么侥幸利用有些考生遇到不太熟悉的单词或短语，要么侥幸 选择、要么选一个自己不认识的选项的心理进行命题。选择、要么选一个自己不认识的选项的心理进行命题。 第第 4747 题题 despite his kind 47 , the woman politel
13、y turned him down.A. application (申请;报名;应用)B. reaction（反应）C. theory (理 论) D.intention (意图;打算) 解析解析 因为中文意思翻译不好，选 ABCD 的都有。本考查学生对文段的归纳能力，从上文可知， Locke 主动要为这位老太太修补屋顶是一种意图或打算。答案为 D.结论 完形填空要求考生能完成精准地把握常见高频词汇的含义、 有扎实的语法基本功读懂文本字面意思归纳文本意思深度解 读文本的循环。 II 短语考核命题套路命题套路 3 3 利用学生对动词短语利用学生对动词短语/ /介词短语掌握的模糊介词短语掌握的模糊
14、 缺陷直接或间接出题，导致学生出错。缺陷直接或间接出题，导致学生出错。 第第 5454 题题 The seventy-year- old woman 54 the chance, but little did she know that there was no competition .A. went over（仔细检查）B. jumped at (欣然接受。源 自真题) C. laughed off (一笑置之) D. looked into (调查) 解析解析 该题考 查动词短语，B 项译为“欣然接受”，符合题意。结论 近十年以 来，每年的高考完形填空题都会直接或间接地冒出来一些对中国学
15、 生来说少见、而在英语日常交流中又常用的动词短语。这块需要老 师和学生共同留意和积累。 III 思维考核-考查批判性思维 批判性思维落地在英语完形填空 上，指读者对文本信息的主观认知与作者通过文本这样的一个客观 载体所释放的客观信息之间存在的差别。差别越大说明该读者个体 越是脱离了文本客观，其批判性思维能力就越弱；反之，若读者个 体的主观理解越靠近文本所要传达的意思，则说明该读者的批判性 思维能力越强。 命题套路命题套路 4 4 考查信息差（含时间差、地点差、程度差、人物差、考查信息差（含时间差、地点差、程度差、人物差、 范围差、主客观差等等）范围差、主客观差等等） 第第 4545 题题 Th
16、e young man knocked on MacDonalds door and 45 to fix her roof for nothing.B. offered （正确 选项） C. managed （强干扰项） 解析解析 单从本句话来看，选 C. managed, 译为“设法做成”，仿佛也行，但结合上下文语境，不难 看出此时此刻 Locke 是被拒绝的，直到后来 Locke 用计策才诱使 MacDonald 同意，才最终做成的做成的，故而存在时间差。结论 完形填空考核考生批判性思维能力，要求考生能通过精读的方式， 真正厘清事情发生的先后顺序，将“事情的发生”与“准确的时间” 对号入座
17、，选择出最佳答案。 IV 思维考核-考查逻辑性思维 逻辑性思维落地在英语完形填空或 阅读上，指读者有条理、有根据地分析推理事物和表达自己的思维 过程。主要体现在读者对作者组织文章脉络的手段的感知。其大致 包括并列关系、承接关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、问答 关系、总分总关系时空顺序、解释演绎、归纳总结等。 命题套路命题套路 5 5 考查文章脉络、行文逻辑考查文章脉络、行文逻辑 第第 4444 题题 He was 43 -not just for the elderly woman but also for the children living with her. So Locke 44
18、 to lend a helping hand. A.decided（正确选项） C.agreed（强 干扰选项） 解析解析 单从本句话来看，选 C. agreed, 译为“同意”，仿 佛也行，但其意思是两人或多人就某件事达成一致意见。结合该题 上下文，并没有这种情况。而是 Locke 本人看到老太太一家困难后， 单方决定帮忙修补房屋。故而选 A.decided.结论 完形填空考核考生 逻辑思维能力，要求考生能密切结合上下文的逻辑关系，选择出符 合上下文语境的最佳答案。 完形填空题型宜集中训练、归纳技 巧，过程中不能满足于自圆其说的牵强，不能陷入高空理论的自我 高潮。通过集中读练，我们克服人性弱点、击沉浮夸、检阅思维、 过滤负能量。
