1、Attributive ClauseUnit 4 Unit4 Discovering useful structures Understand attribute and attributive clause The definition of the attribute:1.This is a flower basket.2.This is a basket full of flowers.3.This is a flower basket bought by my friend.3.The flowers in the basket were bought by my friend.4.T
2、his is a flower basket that was bought by my friend.定语定语:修饰修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。1.1.可充当定语的主要有可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为常译为“的的”2.2.在所修饰词之前的定语为在所修饰词之前的定语为前置定语前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语为，在所修饰词之后的定语为后置定语后置定语。3.单个的词单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句短语或从句作定
3、语时要放于作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。被修饰词的后面。这个男人是杰克船长这个男人是杰克船长。这个男人正在奔跑。这个男人正在奔跑。这个正在奔跑这个正在奔跑的的男人是杰克船长。男人是杰克船长。The man is Captain Jack.The man is running.Translate the following sentences into English.The man who is running is Captain Jack.定语从句定语从句:修饰某一修饰某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句，其作用相当于，其作用相当于形容词形容词。先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的被定语从句修饰
4、的名词或代词名词或代词。关系词关系词：引导引导定语从句的词。（引导词）定语从句的词。（引导词）关系词的作用关系词的作用：1.1.连接主从句连接主从句 2.2.指代先行词指代先行词 3.3.在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分 The man who is running is Captain Jack.ReviewAttributive Clause 定语从句定语从句 关系词关系词先行词先行词1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who
5、 live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3.The supplies which were provided for the disaster area were collected from around the country.4.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake.找出
6、下列句中的定语从句。找出下列句中的定语从句。The usage of the relative pronouns 1.that 指人或物，指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾作宾/表时可省。表时可省。2.which 指物指物,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。A plane is a machine _ can fly.The noodles _ I cooked were delicious.Lets ask the man _ is reading a book over there.The girl _ we saw
7、 yesterday is Jims sister.that,that,which,who,whom,whosewhich,who,whom,whose,as,asthat/whichthat/whichthat He doesnt seem to be the man _ he was ten years ago.that They planted the trees _ didnt need much water.The fish _ we bought yesterday were not fresh.This is the house in _ we lived last year.t
8、hatthat/whichwhich/thatwhich3.who 指人指人,在在从句中作主语、宾语，从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。作宾语时可省。4.4.whom 指人指人,在从句在从句中作宾语中作宾语，作宾语时可省。作宾语时可省。The foreigner _ visited our school yesterday is from Canada.The boy _ broke the window is called Michael.The person _ you just talked to is Mr Li.Mr Read is the professor to _ you sh
9、ould write.whowhowhom/whowhomthat,that,which,who,whom,whosewhich,who,whom,whose,as,as Miss Flower is the teacher_house caught fire last week.5.whose 指人和物，在从句中作定语，意为指人和物，在从句中作定语，意为“的的”。whose+n可以用可以用“the+n.+of which/whom”或者或者“of which/whom+the+n.”代替代替the house of whom=of whom the house This is the boy
10、 _composition the teacher thinks highly of.This is the book _ cover is blue.the cover of which=of which the coverwhosewhose whosethat,that,which,who,whom,whosewhich,who,whom,whose,as,asthe composition of whom=of whom the composition6.as 指人和物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。用于指人和物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。用于 the same.as;as.as;su
11、ch.as;so.as等结构等结构This is the same book _ was bought yesterday.There is so warm a house _we want to live in.比较：比较：It is so warm a house_ we all admire.It is so warm a house _we all want to have one.This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.asasasthatthat,
12、that,which,who,whom,whosewhich,who,whom,whose,as,as高 中 同 步 课 堂 学 案学以致用用适当的关系代词填空 The student _ answered the question was John.who/that I know the person _ house was destroyed in the earthquake.whose Look,here are some people _ I want you to meet.who/whom/that Do you still remember the chicken farm _
13、 we visited three months ago?that/which The house in _ I used to live became ruins in a big fire.which Please give me the book _ cover is green.whosePara 2：They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot,like the middle of a mountain forest.ABPara 2:Since I was a littl
14、e girl,Id been stuck like this,and I had lived a life where I would be afraid of everything.But then it all started changing.Para 3:The changes in the wind patterns that move clouds and moisture through the atmosphere（大气层）can cause a place not to receive its normal amount of rain or snow over a long
15、 period of time.CPara 4：If you live in a place where most of the water you use comes from a river,a drought in your area can be caused by places upstream from you not receiving enough moisture.There would be less water in the river for you and other people who live along the river to use.CPara 1:Tho
16、usands of years ago,Britain was covered by thick forests,home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom.DPara 2:The United Kingdom is one of the few countries in the world that dont have a large wild animal that eats meat.Para 3：They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK
17、 before towns and cities were built should be allowed to grow again.They even say that large wild animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return and live in the wild.DPara 4:In the last twenty years，over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been planted and there
18、 are plans for morebut wild animals？Para 4:They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy.关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分人人物物主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose 关系代词基本用法归纳表关系代词基本用法归纳表 Note:1.用用which而不用而不用that的情况：的情况：介词前置介词前置时，即时，即介词介词+关系代词关
19、系代词引导定语从句引导定语从句；引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时时;先行词本身就是先行词本身就是thatthat时。时。以下句子为什么只能用以下句子为什么只能用which不能用不能用that？Bruce doesnt listen to others advice,which makes his mother very annoyed.Those are the trees under which people can have a rest.I attend some activities regularly from which I benefit a lot.二、使用特定关系代
20、词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况 二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况Note:22.用用that而不用而不用which的情况：的情况：先行先行词为词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,little,much,none,the one 等不定代词，或被等不定代词，或被all,every,no,some,any,few,little,much等不定代词修饰时；等不定代词修饰时；先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时；修饰时；先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the
21、 last,the right修饰时；修饰时；先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时；时；主句是以主句是以who,which开头开头的特殊疑问句时。的特殊疑问句时。Note:以下句子为什么只能用以下句子为什么只能用that不能用不能用which？I am sure she has something that you can borrow.Ive read all the books that my mother bought for me.This is the first book that he has read.This is the very book that belongs to
22、 him.They talked of things and persons that they remembered.Which is the question that you dont understand?Your disease is not the case that it used to be.二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况1.Anything _ can burn is a source of heat energy.2.This is the very book _ Im looking for.3.They talked about thing
23、s and persons _ impressed them most.4.Which is the book _ you lost?5.This is the best film _ I have ever seen.6.Please get ready for everything _ we need.7.This is the watch_ I lost yesterday.thatthatthatthat thatthatthat/whichFill in the blanks.二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况 Note:3.用用who而不用而不用that的
24、情况：的情况：主句是主句是there be句型，且先行词是句型，且先行词是人人时；时；先行词是先行词是人称代词人称代词he/she/those.,或者或者不定代词不定代词anyone，someone，everyone，somebody,anybody,one，ones等词时；等词时；先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或被序数词被序数词修饰时；修饰时；当先行词是当先行词是 people 或是表示人的或是表示人的集体名词集体名词时。时。以下句子为什么只能用以下句子为什么只能用who不能用不能用that？Those who have good manners will be highly respect
25、ed.There is a student who is always making noise.He is the third man who passed the exam.There are lots of people who are listening to the radio.二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况 Note:4.用用that而不用而不用who的情况：的情况：当当先行词为先行词为形容词最高级形容词最高级所修饰所修饰时时；当在以疑问代词当在以疑问代词whowho开头的疑问句中时；开头的疑问句中时；当先行词为疑问代词当先行词为疑问代词who,whi
26、ch时时；当关系代词在定语从句中作当关系代词在定语从句中作表语表语或或宾语补足语宾语补足语时，此时关系代时，此时关系代词也可省略。词也可省略。以下句子为什么只能用以下句子为什么只能用that不能用不能用who？He is no longer the man that he was.He is not the fool that you thought him.Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?/Who is the person that is standing by the door?Shake
27、speare is the greatest poet that England has ever had.二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况 5.5.way way 作先行词作先行词当先行词为表示方式的way,且在从句中作状语时，应该用 that/in which/不填。1.We admire the way _he solved the problem.2.I dont like the way _you spoke to her.3.You speak to her in the way _I dont like.that/in which/不填 that/in
28、 which/不填 that/which/不填二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况高 中 同 步 课 堂 学 案学以致用 完成句子 聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。Chatting was the only thing _.that interested her 这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。This is the most beautiful park _.that I have visited 任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。Anybody _ should be punished.who breaks the law二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情
29、况高 中 同 步 课 堂 学 案学以致用 完成句子 她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。She took photographs of the people and things _.that she was interested in 应该有你可以征求意见或为你解决问题的人。There should be someone _ for any advice or to clear up any problems.to whom you can turn 成功往往属于那些坚持梦想的人。Success often belongs to those _.who stick to their dream
30、s二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况二、使用特定关系代词的一般情况 Do some exercises 1.A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event _ usually causes great damage and can ruin many peoples lives.2.The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter _ rescued her from the fire.3.A typhoon is an extremely strong wind _ often happe
31、ns in the Western Pacific Ocean.4.The children _ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.P90:Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whomthat/which that/who that/which whose5.A tsunami is a very large wave _ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.6.Peo
32、ple to _ much is given are people of _ much will be expected.P90:Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whomthat/which whom whom 1.The earthquake _ hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of walls and chimneys(烟囱).2.The firefighters to _ the task was
33、 given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate.3.Tens of thousands _ had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.4.The team brings help and hope to those _ lives are changed by a storm,flood,earthquake or any other natural disaster.Complete each sente
34、nce with that,which,who,whose,whom,as or“/”that/which whom who/thatwhose 5.The list of people to help has been given is long.6.The team treated more than 3,000 people were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia.7.They have to be able to do work is difficult under conditions _ can be very danger
35、ous.who/thatthat/whichthat/whichwhomComplete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom,as or“/”Though I cant remember everything _ happened during the time in university,I still remember some people and things _ were related to Miss Brown,_ used to be monitor in our class.If you want to know abou
36、t the lady _ I referred to in my diary,I can tell you its her,Miss Brown.Here is a story _ makes me remember Miss Brown until now.One afternoon,she and I arrived in New York,_ we would look forward to.We went to the biggest bookshop in _ there were different kinds of books to be sold.thatthatwhowho/
37、thatthat/whichwhichwhich语篇填空语篇填空2 2She persuaded me to read every grammar book _ could offer me knowledge of grammar and buy a dictionary _ I could look up the new words in.Miss Brown also bought the same books _ I did.Just when we left the bookshop and were ready to go back to our university,a big
38、man stopped us and robbed me of my necklace.Ill never forget that time _ Miss Brown tried her best to help me and lost one of her fingers.thataswhich/thatwhen语篇填空语篇填空2 21.They were well trained by their masters had great experience in caring for these animals.2.On the edge of the jacket,there is a p
39、iece of cloth gives off light in the dark.3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.4.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the
40、 government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.5.Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.who/thatthatwhich/that高考链接高考
41、链接which/thatwho/thatdrills1.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman.2.The woman s family survived the earthquake.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.Use an Attributive Clause to combine each pair of sentences.drills1.The people lost everything in the quak
42、e.2.We need to help them prepare for the coming winter.We need to help the people who lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter.Use an Attributive Clause to combine each pair of sentences.drills1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shakin
43、g of the building woke up all the people _were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to th
44、e hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?that/whichthatwhowhosewhosewho/thatwhomP52:Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom,as or“/”The usage of the relative adverbs
45、I still remember the first day _ I saw your face.I still remember the first day_you smiled at me.This is the library _I read all kinds of books.Oh,she must be the reason_God makes a girl.He gets into a situation_its hard to tell what is right or wrong.The situation _he is faced with is very worrying
46、.whenwhenwherewhywhen 先行词为表示时间的词，先行词为表示时间的词，when在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。where 先行词为表示地点的词，先行词为表示地点的词，where在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。why 先行词为表示原因的词，先行词为表示原因的词，why在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。关系副词关系副词where还可还可表示表示“抽象抽象地点地点”。常见的先行词有。常见的先行词有point，position，situation，stage，case，condition,atmosphere等。等。where that/which 1.I will never for
47、get the days _ we spent together.I will never forget the days _ we stayed together.2.The reason_ he explained at the meeting was not sound.The reason _ he was late was that he missed his bus.3.Keep the book in place_ you can find it easily.This is the house _ was built by my grandfather forty years
48、ago.that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherethat/which对比填空：对比填空：that、which、when、where、whywhwherewhywhen 可以转化成可以转化成“_”结构。结构。where 可以转化成可以转化成“_”结构。结构。why 可以转化成可以转化成“_”结构。结构。It was a time _ people were divided geographically.This is the park _I played football.There are many reasons _ people learn a foreign la
49、nguage.介词介词(during/in/at.)which when(at which)介词介词(on/in/at.)which forwhich where(in which)why(for which)1We visited the house _ the famous scientist once lived.2The photo reminded me of the days _ I played hide andseek with my brother and I stayed for six years.3It was a period _ they had discussio
50、n very frequently.4The problem has come to a point _ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.5One of the reasons _ he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible.6Ill never forget the time _ we spent together in the volunteer organization.7
