1、2023人教版（2019）英语必修一 语法总结现在进行时表将来1. 位移动词的现在进行时表将来位移动词如：arrive/come/get(to)/leave/start/take等；【例句】Were leaving for Harbin tomorrow.2. 非位移动词的现在将来时表将来非位移动词如：do/buy/meet/have/play等；【例句】Im flying to Harbin next month. 3. 表示将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用于否定结构；【例句】Im not waiting for him anymore.4. 现在进行时表将来，有时还可表示命令/
2、拒绝；【例句】Youre not playing basketball here.一般将来时的多种表达1. will/shall 结构，表示单纯的将来/临时要做某事；will用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称；【例句】We will tell him if we see him tomorrow. Shall we go to the park?2. be going to 指现在的打算/意图，表示计划和安排；也表示有迹象表明最近的将来要发生的事；【例句】I am going to Harbin tomorrow. Its going to snow tomorrow. 3. be to d
3、o 表示按预定计划/安排要发生的事情，也可表示“注定”“可能性”“义务”等；【例句】The sports meeting is to take place next week.4. be about to do “刚要做，正要做”，表示非常近的将来要做的事情；不能与时间副词连用；【例句】He is about to leave for Harbin to see his friend. 5. 一般将来时表将来（1） go/come/leave/start/begin等，表示按照规定要发生的未来的动作；【例句】Our school starts at eight oclock.（2） 用于时间状
4、语从句（when/until），条件状语从句（if/unless）等，代替will表示一般将来时；【例句】I will call you as soon as I arrive to Shanghai. 3. 一般将来时几种表达的区别（1） be going to do和will/shall do ：表示意图，有时可互换；be going to do强调事先考虑/决定的事；will do表示临时的打算/决定；用于条件句，be going to do表示将来，will do 表意愿。（2）be going to do和be to do： 表将来计划，但be going to do 还表示不受主观
5、控制将要发生的事； be going to do 侧重说话人个人的意图/打算；be to do 侧重受别人指示/安排要做事。（3）do/does, be doing和be going to do：do/does 表示根据时间表排定的事；be going to do 表示意图/打算；be doing 表示近期个人具体的安排。【例句】My friends plane arrives at 10 am. Im leaving for Harbin tomorrow. Were going to have a sports meeting next week.附加疑问句（反义疑问句）附加疑问句=反义疑
6、问句：对陈述部分事实提出相反的疑问，用逗号和陈述部分隔开。表示提问者有一定的主见，但没有把握，需要对方证实。【构成】 肯定的陈述部分+否定的附加疑问部分（前肯后否）e.g. Its a fine day, isnt it? 否定的陈述部分+肯定的附加疑问部分（前否后肯）e.g. It isnt cold today, is it? 【注意】附加疑问句的后半部分必须在人称，数和时态上和前面陈述部分保持一致；当前一部分的主语为名词，后一部分的主语用相应的人称代词形式； 附加疑问部分，否定式须用缩写形式。 附加疑问句的回答：若事实是肯定的，就用yes答；若事实是否定的，用no答；e.g. -She
7、is a teacher, isnt she? -Yes, she is. -She isnt a student, is she? -Yes, she is. 附加疑问句动词的选择 陈述部分有be动词/情态动词/实义动词（前肯后否，前否后肯，时态对应）be动词：am/is/are/was/were助动词：do/does/did/have/has/had情态动词：can/could/may/might/must/will/would/shall/shoulde.g. I am a student, arent I?He can run fast, can he?She likes dancin
8、g, doesnt she?She has lunch at home, doesnt she? 此处has为实义动词，用助动词They have finished the work, havent they? 此处have为助动词，后用have附加疑问句的特殊情况1. 陈述部分有must: must 在肯定陈述部分，表示“必须”，疑问部分用mustnt;e.g. You must work hard to improve your oral English, mustnt you? 陈述部分为mustnt, 疑问部分用must/may;e.g. You mustnt throw the ru
9、bbish on the ground, must/may you? 陈述部分表示肯定推测，疑问部分根据实际确定谓语/仍用must；e.g. You mum must be happy, isnt she? You must have finished your homework yesterday, didnt you? She must have been married, hasnt she?2. 陈述部分是ought to，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt;e.g. You ought to know what to do, shouldnt/oughtnt you?3. 陈
10、述部分had better, 疑问部分hadnt; e.g. You had better get up early, hadnt you?4. 陈述部分wish，疑问部分用may；e.g. I wish to stay here for a long time, may I? 5. 陈述部分有否定含义的词，疑问部分用肯定；seldom/hardly/never/rarely/few/little/nowhere/nothing/none/nobody/neither/noe.g. Few people knew him, did they?He seldom goes to the park
11、, does he? He can hardly play football, can he? 6. 陈述部分neithernor/eitheror，谓语动词根据实际情况；e.g. Neither he or she is teacher, are they?Either you or she is wrong, isnt she? 7. 陈述部分是this/that；疑问部分用it；陈述部分主语是these/those, 疑问部分用they；e.g. Those are your books, arent they?8. 陈述部分是there be 结构，疑问部分用“be动词+there”；
12、e.g. There is some water in the bottle, isnt there? 9. 陈述部分主语是不定代词something/nothing/anything/everything等，疑问部分用it；陈述部分主语是不定代词somebody/nobody/no one/none/everyone等。疑问部分用they，强调个体用he；e.g. Something is wrong with the TV, isnt it?Nobody likes him, do they?10. 陈述部分是祈使句，疑问部分用will you；e.g. Dont cross the ro
13、ad, will you? Let us go for a walk after dinner, will you? Lets go to school, shall we? (Lets 开头祈使句，后用shall we) 11. 陈述部分有从句： 定语从句，宾语从句看主句e.g. She said that she was late for school, didnt she? 主语是第一人称+think/believe/suppose/consider等+宾语从句看从句e.g. I dont think that youre right, are you?12. 陈述部分是感叹句：有be用
14、be；有助用助；有情用情；实义动词请求助；e.g. What a beautiful dress it is, isnt? How high he jumps, doesnt he? 关系代词引导的定语从句概念 定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词/代词/主句中的一部分/整个句子的从句； 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词； 关系词：引导定语从句的词；还在句子中作一定的句子成分； 关系词关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as；关系副词：when/where/why； 先行词在定语从句中作主语/宾语/定语等成分，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省。用法【关系代词】1. that
15、指人/物，句子作主语/宾语/表语；限制性定语从句作宾语可省；指人可与who/whom互换；指物可与which互换；e.g. The dress that I bought yesterday is very beautiful. 2. which指物；非限制性定语从句中可代替整个句子；作主语/宾语；e.g. This is the pencil which I bought yesterday. 3. who 指人； 作主语/宾语； 限制性定语从句作宾语可省；e.g. The girl who is dancing in the room is my friend. 4. whose 指人/物
16、； 作定语； 指物=of which; 指人=of whom 意为“的”；e.g. She has a friend whose mother is an English teacher. 5. as 引导非限制性定语从句； 主要用于“suchas”；“as/soas”；“the sameas”等结构； 从句根据情况位于主语前/后，也可插在主句间，意为“这件事”“这一点”； 常见结构：as is known to all/as is often the case等；e.g. Such books as I bought yesterday are very interesting. 6. wh
17、om 指人； 作宾语；e.g. The woman who my mum is talking to is my English teacher. 【关系副词】1. when 先行词是时间； 作时间状语e.g. I know the day when my friend was born.2. where 先行词是地点； 作地点状语；e.g. I want to live in a place where there is much snow. 3. why 先行词是原因； 作原因状语；e.g. That is the reason why she wants to go to Harbin.
18、 【注意】1. which和that 作主语不可省；which紧跟在介词后作宾语不可省；2. who 作宾语=whom，可互换；但介词后只+whom，介词后whom不可省；3. whose =the+n.+of whom/which或of whom/whichbe+n. 用that不用which情况1. 先行词为all/anything/nothing/little/much/none/everything等代词；e.g. Is there anything that I can do for you?2. 先行词前有the only/the very/the last等修饰；e.g. Thi
19、s is the only pen that I can find.3.先行词为adj.最高级/序数词；或有adj.最高级/序数词修饰；e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.4. 先行词既表示人又表示物；e.g. We often talk about the people and things that we remember.5. 主语是who/what/which开头的问句；e.g. Who is the boy that you like most? 6. 定语从句又包含一个定语从句，其中一个已用whi
20、ch时，另一个用that；e.g. They built a house, which has got a garden that we have never seen before. 用which不用that情况 （口诀：介词后/逗号后不用that）1. 引导非限制性定语从句；e.g. This is a famous book, which was written by Cao Xueqin. 2. 从句中介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构；e.g. This is the house in which we used to live. 3. that/those 作主语；e.g. Th
21、ose who want to go to Harbin come here please.用who不用that情况1. 先行词为people/those；e.g. The people who wants to see you is our boss. 2. 先行词为one/ones/anyone/everyone/none/all（指人）；e.g. Anyone who against us is our enemy. 3. 先行词指人，关系代词在句子作主语时；e.g. The girl who came to my house yesterday is my sister. 一关系副词引
22、导的定语从句关系副词：when/where/why用法1. when（=介词+which），作时间状语，先行词是时间名词；e.g. I am looking for the day when my mum can sing this song for me.Do you know the day when (=on which) he was born. 2. where（=介词+which），作地点状语，先行词是地点名词；e.g. This is the village I stayed last week. 注意：当先行词为condition/position/situation/poin
23、t/case/stage等“模糊/抽象地点”名词时，用where。e.g. Its helpful to put students in a situation where they can see themselves in a different way. 3. why(=for/as+ which),原因状语，先行词为原因名词；e.g. Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you were late for our date?注意：关系代词和关系副词的选择取决于关系词在句中作什么成分。作主语/宾语，用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。二“介词
24、+关系代词”引导的定语从句该结构可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句；先行词指物用which；指人用whom；介词放在关系代词前关系代词不可省；1. 基本形式（1） 介词+whom：指人e.g. The person to whom you should call is your mum.（2） 介词+which：指物e.g. This is the in which I met her last night. （3） 介词+whose+名词(所属关系)e.g. Linda, with whose help, I passed the English exam, is my favorite te
25、acher. （4） 名词/不定代词/数词/比较级/最高级+of+which/whom（整体与部分关系）e.g. China has many rivers, the longest of which is the Yangtze River. （5） the+名词+of+关系代词=whose+名词（所属关系）e.g. We live in a big house, the window of which(=whose window) is very small. 2. 介词的确定（口诀：一先二动三形四意义）（1）根据从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配e.g. This is the pen on
26、 which I spent 10 yuan. (spendon) This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. （payfor）（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯e.g. I remember the day on which I lived in Nanning. (先行词the day，在某天，用on) （3）根据形容词与介词搭配习惯e.g. The boy about whom Im worried about is my brother. （4）根据句子表达的意思e.g. Can you lend me a pencil with which I wan
27、t to do my homework?3. 【拓展】定语从句中的主谓一致（1） 关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致；（2） 先行词为“one of+复数名词”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；（3） 先行词为“the only/very/right one of+复数名词”，从句谓语动词用单数形式。e.g. There are fifty students in our class, twenty of who are girls.She is one of the most beautiful girl in our class who always helps others. He is the only one of the boys who is good at singing. 【附表格】限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句主语宾语定语主语宾语定语指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhosewhowhomwhose/of whom指物which/thatwhich/thatwhosewhichwhichwhose/of whom人物thatthat/whose关系副词先行词从句成分介词+关系副词when时间短语时间状语介词+whichwhere地点状语地点状语介词+whichwhyreason原因状语for+which
