1、UNIT16 E-commerce Business 16-1 Technical Part16-2 Reading Material 16-1 Technical Part 16-1-1 DefinitionElectronic commerce,commonly known as e-commerce or e-comm.,refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.Elect
2、ronic commerce draws on such technologies as electronic funds transfer,supply chain management,Internet marketing,online transaction processing,electronic data interchange(EDI),inventory management systems,and automated data collection systems.Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide
3、 Web at least at one point in the transactions life-cycle,although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail,mobile devices and telephones as well.16-1-2 Introductions Different e-commerce activities have different purposes.Is the business targeting consumers like you or does it
4、cater to another business?Maybe the e-commerce isnt even a company,but someone trying to sell something to someone else on the Web.Some people find it useful to categorize e-commerce by the types of entries participating in the transaction or business processes.The five general e-commerce categories
5、 are business to consumer,business to business,business process,consumer to consumer,and business to government.The three categories are most commonly used are:Business to Consumer E-Commerce(B2C)Business to Consumer electronic commerce(B2C e-commerce)occurs when a business sells products and servic
6、e through e-commerce to customers who are primarily individuals.Hundreds of thousands of B2C e-commerce business exit on the web.The most famous B2C WEB site is taobao(),Jingdong,(),Amazon(),etc.B2C e-commerce businesses have been the most visible.However,only about 3 percent of all e-commerce reven
7、ues are from B2C.The other 97 percent are mostly B2B e-commerce revenues.Business to business E-commerce(B2B)Business to business electronic commerce(B2B e-commerce)occurs when a business sell product and service through e-commerce customers who are primarily other businesses.For example,Gates Rubbe
8、r Company makes rubber and synthetic-based product such as belts and hoses for car.But Gates doesnt sell directly to you.Instead,parts dealer and automakers buy its products.Consumer to Consumer E-Commerce(C2C)Consumer to Consumer E-Commerce(C2C e-commerce)occurs when a person sells products and ser
9、vice to another person through e-commerce.The most well known Web site that supports C2C e-commerce is (),baixing(),eBay(),etc.Business to Government E-commerce(B2G)Business to Government E-commerce includes business transactions with government agencies,such as paying taxes and filling required rep
10、orts.An increasing number of states have web sites that help companies do business with state government agencies.16-1-3 Application Case or Example 1.Online Shopping ProcessOnline shopping is a type of E-commerce used for B2B and B2C transactions.Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the
11、 website of the retailer directly,or do a search across many different vendors using a shopping search engine.Once a particular product has been found on the website of the seller,most online retailers use shopping cart software to allow the consumer to accumulate multiple items and to adjust quanti
12、ties,by analogy with filling a physical shopping cart or basket in a conventional store.Today shopping cart are a standard of e-commerce.A shopping cart also sometimes called shopping bag or shopping basket,keep track of the items the customer selected and allows customer to view the contents of the
13、ir carts,add new items or remove items,to order an item,the customer simply click the item.All of the details about the item,including its price,product number,and other identifying information,are stored automatically in the cart.If the customer changes his mind about the item,he can view the carts
14、 contents and remove the unwanted items.When the customer is ready to conclude the shopping session,the click of a button executes the purchase transaction.Figure 16-1 shows a typical shopping basket page at an e-commerce site.Clicking the checkout button usually displays a screen that asks for bill
15、ing and shipping information and that confirms the order.The shopping cart software keeps a running total of each type of item.The shopping cart calculates a total as well as sales tax and shipping costs.Figure 16-1 shopping basket page at Amazon2.Security of E-commerceGiven the lack of ability to i
16、nspect merchandise before purchase,consumers are at higher risk of fraud on the part of the merchant than in a physical store.Merchants also risk fraudulent purchases using stolen credit cards or fraudulent repudiation of the online purchase.Source Socket Layer(SSL)encryption has greatly solved the
17、problem of credit card numbers being intercepted in transit between the consumer and the merchant.Identity theft is still a concern for consumers when hackers break into a merchants web site and steal names,addresses and credit card numbers.Computer security has this become a major concern for merch
18、ants and e-commerce service providers,who deploy countermeasures such as firewalls and antivirus software to protect their networks.Phishing is another danger,where consumers are fooled into thinking they are dealing with a reputable retailer,when they have actually been manipulate into feeding priv
19、ate information to a system operated by a malicious party.To protect your private information not be stolen and better keep safety process of your e-commerce,youd better follow the suggestions as below:Sticking with known stores,or attempting to find independent consumer reviews of their experience,
20、also ensuring that there is comprehensive contact information on the website before using the service,and noting if the retailer has enrolled in industry oversight programs such as trust mark or trust seal.Ensuring that the retailer has an acceptable privacy police posted.For example,note if the ret
21、ailer does not explicitly state that it will not share private information with others without consent.Ensuring that the vendors address is protected with SSL when credit card information is entered.If it is,the address on the credit card information entry screen will start with“HTTPS”.Using strong
22、passwords without personal information.Another option is a“passphrase,”which might be something along the lines:“I shop 4 good a buy!”It is difficult to hack,and providers a variety of uppercase,lowercase,and special characters and could be site specific and easy to remember.Figure 16-2 shows the co
23、nsumer login in the typical e-commerce web site.Figure 16-2 Interface of login in the typical e-commerce web site 16-2 Reading Material 16-2-1 Reading comprehension Electronic CommerceElectronic Commerce or e-commerce refers to the exchange of goods and services by means of the Internet or other com
24、puter networks.E-commerce follows the same basic principles as traditional commerce-that is,buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods for money.But rather than conducting business in the traditional way-in mores or through mail order catalogs and telephone operators-in e-commerce buyers and
25、 sellers do business over networked computers.E-commerce offers buyers convenience.They can visit the World Wide Web sites of multiple sellers 24 hours a day and seven days a week to compare prices and make purchases,without having to leave their homes or offices.In some eases,consumers can immediat
26、ely obtain a product or service,such as an electronic book,a music file,or computer software,by downloading it over the Internet.For sellers,e-commerce offers a way to cut costs and expand their markets.They do not need to build staff,or maintain a store or print and distribute mail order catalogs.B
27、ecause they sell over the global Internet,sellers have the potential to market their products or services globally and are not limited by the physical location of a store.E-commerce also has some disadvantages,however,consumers are reluctant to buy some products online.Online furniture businesses,fo
28、r example,have failed for the most part because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item such as a sofa before they purchase it.Many people also consider shopping a social experience.For instance,they may enjoy going to a store or a shopping mall with friends or family.Consumers also
29、need to be reassured that credit card transactions are secure and that their privacy is being respected.Words&Expressionsprinciple n.原则，原理 traditional a.传统的，惯例的exchange vt.交换，调换，兑换world Wide Web=WWW 【电脑】全球资网ease n.容易，不费力 disadvantage n.不利条件reassure vt.使放心，使消除疑虑privacy n.隐居，秘密transaction n.办理，交易distr
30、ibute vt.分发，散布 16-2-2 Exercises I.Multiple Choices.1.What is the similarity between E-commerce and traditional commerce?A.Do business in stores.B.Do business over networked computers.C.Buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods for money.D.Do business through mail order catalos and telephone
31、 operators.2.For buyers,which of the following does not belong to the advantages of E-commerce?A.Consumers can compare prices and make purchases without leaving their homes.B.E-commerce offers buyers convenience.C.Consumers can immediately obtain a product or service.D.Consumers can test the comfort
32、 of an expensive item.3.For sellers,which of the following does not belong to the advantages of E-commerce?A.Sellers can reassure the consumers that credit card transactions are secure.B.Sellers do not need to build staff.C.Sellers can easily market their products or services globally.D.Sellers do n
33、ot need to maintain a store or print and distribute mail order catalogs.4.Which of the following is true about the disadvantages of E-commerce?A.Customers can test the comfort of an expensive item.B.Consumers are reluctant to buy some products online.C.Customers can enjoy going to a store or a shopp
34、ing mall with friends or family.D.Consumers are reassured that their privacy is respected.II.Read&Translate.1.They can visit the World Wide Web sites of multiple sellers 24 hours a day and seven days a week to compare prices and make purchases,without having to leave their homes or offices.2.Because
35、 they sell over the global Internet,sellers have the potential to market their products or services globally and are not limited by the physical location of a store.3.Online furniture businesses,for example,have failed for the most part because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item such as a sofa before they purchase it.4.Consumers also need to be reassured that credit card transactions are secure and that their privacy is being respected.
