1、2021 年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：被动语态 【 五种基本句型 】 主 谓 （无被动语态） 主 谓 宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 主 系 表 （无被动语态） 被动语态被动语态 被动语态的基本结构为：be+done 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词 do 为例）： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+beingdone 现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done 一般将来时 wi
2、ll/shall/be going to + do will/shall/be going to+be done 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being done 过去将来时 would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done 一被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几 种情况： （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如：This watch is made in China （2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 如：More trees must be planted ev
3、ery year。 （3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world （4）句子的主语是动作的承受者。 如：Many houses were washed away by the food 含有情态动词 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done 二、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1主动语态变为被动语态 （1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词， 要将宾语变成主格。 （2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用 by引导。
4、 （3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态： 动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态： 动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者 如：We asked him to sing an English song(变为被动语态) He was asked to sing an English song by us 2带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化 为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主 语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to或 for。 如：She gave me a
5、book(变为被动语态) I was given a book by her(间接宾 语 me改为了主语) A book was given to me by her(直接宾语 a book 改为了主语) 3动词短语变为被动语态 许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可 以有被动语态。在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 如：We should speak to old men politely(变为被动语态) Old men should be spoken to politely(to不可省略) 4带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语
6、一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句 的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。 如：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room(变为被动语态) Jane was heard playing the piano in her room 5变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词 see，hear，watch，feel，notice 等，及使役动词 let，make， have等后跟省略 to 的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号 to。 如：He makes the girl stay at home（变为被动语态） The
7、 girl is made to stay at home by him 练习练习： 1. The door of her room _ every day. A. are not cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleaned 2. No rubbish _ for three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collected 3. By 1980 the bridge _. A. was completed B.
8、had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completed 4. Another railway bridge _ there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been built 5. He told me that the composition _ by him. A. was not written B. not was written C. is not written D. not is written 答案：1. C 2. D 3.
9、 B 4. B 5. A 1. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 答案：C 2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw 答案：B 3. You may go fishing i
10、f your work _. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 答案：A 4. The trees must _ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 答案：C 5. I wont come to the party unless Sue _ , too. You mean if Sue comes youll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 答案
11、：D 6. I like my new bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 答案：A 7. Mr. Chen has a long voice. His voice can _ clearly even in that big classroom. A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard 答案：B 8. Its time to do your homework, Jack. Yes , Mum . Ill turn off the T
12、V as soon as the programme _. A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end 答案：A 9. You_ to the meeting, why didnt you go? A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited 答案：C 10. A lot of trees _ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 答案：C 【实战模拟】 一. 选择填空
13、1. The rivers smells terrible People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing 2. Paper _ first invented in China . A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Do you like the flower? Yes, it_ sweet. A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt
14、D. smells 4. It snowed heavily last night. The ground_ thick snow. A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with 5. The light in the room_ before you leave. A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 6. _ the kind of question often_ in your class, An
15、n? A. Does, ask B. Is, asked C. Has, asked D. Will, ask 7. The bridge_ in three weeks . A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 8. The old men and the children must _ in our country . A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 9. Paul doesnt ha
16、ve to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 10. The girl was unhappy because she _ by some boys in the class. A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 11. We _ that the English test _ next Monday. A. are told, gives B. tell, will give C. are
17、 told, will be given D. told, is going to be given 12. Great changes _ place in China since 1978. A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took 13._ the red pencil- box_ by your father last week? A. Has, bought B. Was, bought C. Does, buy D. Did, buy 14. Mary_ many songs at the party. A
18、. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing 15._ trees usually_ in April? A. Have, planted B. Are, planted C. Do, plant D. Were, planted 16. When we got there, the broken road_ repaired. A. is being B. was being C. has been D. / 17. The windows of the room_ once a week. A. h
19、as been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning 18. In 1620, about half the USA_ forests. A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with 19. The young tree_ the stick. A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with 20. A present_ me by
20、 my friend on my birthday. A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to 21. By _ was the book _ ? A. who, wrote B. whom, write C. whom, written D. whom, writing 22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪）_ by young children . A. should not see B. should be not seen C. should not be see
21、n D. should be seen 23. In warm weather fruit and meat _ long. A. cant be kept B. dont keep C. is not kept D. arent keeping 24. Half the worlds telephone calls _ in English. A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made 25. That building_ now. A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds 26
22、. The trees in our school_ every Friday afternoon. A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water 27. More Great Green Walls must_ all over the world. A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built 28. His school bag _ by a woman ten minutes ago. A. took away B. was taken away C. was take
23、n off D. is taken 29. It_ that she_ very clever. A. was said, is B. was said, were C. is said, is D. is said, is being 30. Yesterday a visitor_ something about his hometown. A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked 31. Do you like this kind of paper? Yes, it_ very nice. A. is felt B. felt C.
24、is feeling D. feels 32. These books _ well. A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell 33. The boy_ lost on his way home yesterday. A. got B. is C. gets D. has 34. Though the coat is a bit large now, it_ me very soon. A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits 35. Football_ everywhere in the worl
25、d. A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays 36. Everybody here was_ a present. A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving 37. A new factory_ in our city last year. A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building 38. All trees must_ well when it is dry. A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be wat
26、ering 39. This shirt_ silk. A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by 40. These books _ good care of. A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken 41. Stamps _ by people for sending letters. A. use B. in using C. used D. are used 42. More trees_ next year. A.
27、 will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting 43. When_ the Peoples Republic of China_? On October 1.1949. A. did found B. was found C. was founded D. is founded 44. Today, too many trees are still_ in the world. A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted 45. This kind
28、of machine_ Japan. A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of 46. The teacher says that the man will_. A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after 47. I think the shop _. No, Its open. It _ at six. A. is close close B. is closed closes C. closed
29、closes D. is closed 48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set _5 , 000 yuan. A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost 49. Great changes _ place since he came here. A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken 50. He was seen _ something from the shop. A. steal B. to
30、steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 51. She has_ by her classmates. A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空 1. Nearly everybody here_（know）when the old museum_ （build）. 2. The building can_（see）from every part of the city; It _（build） many years ago . 3. Yesterday Tom
31、_（tell）me that his bike_（break）last week. 4. The students _ often_（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs. 5. Now he_（be）asked if the meeting_（hold）next Friday. 6. It is known to all that the moon_（turn）round the earth. 7. Miss Li often_（use）a recorder in her English class. But she_（not use）it
32、tomorrow. 8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits_（sell）in this shop. 9. English_（speak）here. 10. The song_（like）by us all twenty years ago. 11. The pictures_（take）by Jack tomorrow. 12. The computer_（can use）in the room. 13. The room_（paint）now. 14. The novel_（translate）into many languages since it was publ
33、ished. 15. That clock_（call）Big Ben. 16. Last week, when I_ （ask）about English culture, I couldnt answer it well. 17. What language_（speak）in your country? 18. School football games _ often _（hold）on Friday evenings. 19. The film_（show）again sometime next week. 20. If anything_（happen）to him, let me
34、 know. 21._ the pair of new shoes_（suit）you? 22. The bottle_（break）by the cat yesterday. 23. A tall tree_（can , see）in the picture. 24. The sports meeting_（hold）last week. 25. We_（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia. 26. Look, Mr Smith_（take）to the station by Mark in his car. 27.
35、 These trees should_（water）after they_（plant）. 28. The TV set_（make）in Beijing. It _（make）last April. 29. Colour TVs_（sell）in that shop. 30. When the Peoples Republic of China_（found）? 31. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet . The rooms_（paint）now. 32. An American film _ often_（show）on TV on
36、Sundays. 33. She_（tell）the good news as soon as she arrived. 34. Look ! A big modern bridge_（build）over the river. 35. Dr. Bethune_（remember）by the Chinese people forever. 36. A recorder _ often_（use）in our English class. 参考答案 一. 选择填空 15 BCDAD 610 BCDBD 1115 CBBDB 1620 BCBAB 2125 CCAAC 2630 ADBCA 31
37、35 DCABA 3640 BCACD 4145 DACBC 4650 DBBBB 51. D 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空 1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built 3. told , was broken 4. are , told 5. is , will be held 6. turns 7. uses , wont use 8. are sold 9. is spoken 10. was liked 11. will be taken 12. can be used 13. is being painted 14. has been tr
38、anslated 15. is called 16. was asked 17. is spoken 18. are , held 19. will be shown 20. happens 21. Does ,suit 22. was broken 23. can be seen 24. was held 25. were told 26. is being taken 27. be watered , are planted 28. is made , was made 29. are sold 30. was founded 31. are being painted 32. is ,
39、shown 33. was told 34. is being built 35. will be remembered 36. is , used 2021 年年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：宾语从句中考英语语法专项讲解训练：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的含义 宾语从句就是在复合句中充当宾语的句子，常作动词、介词或某些形容词的宾 语。 例 I think that he will come here by train. 我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。 He asked me whether I know his new address. 他问我是否知道他的新地址。 I want to know when
40、you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到 家的。 从做题技巧来讲解宾语从句：语序、时态、连接词语序、时态、连接词 2.语序语序：从句是陈述语序 例 Do you know when he will come back? I want to know who can answer my question.(who 在从句中作主语) 注意：语序指谓语动词一定要在主语后面。注意：语序指谓语动词一定要在主语后面。 试比较：What time is it? Could you tell me what time it is? 练习：练习： 1.Excuse, can you tell me _? Sorry, I dont know. You can go to the information desk. A. that is there a train B. when the train leaves C. which train can I take D. where does the train go. 2. Could you tell me how much _ to fly to Shanghai? A. does it cost B. it costs
