1、9种句子成分和5种基本句型 教学目标：看到任意一句话能准确说出其句 子成分；能够掌握英语中的5种基本句型。 意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠 定了基础。定了基础。 9种句子成分 主语 谓语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 插入语 I met my best friend Tom at the station 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语 主语 定义：表示句子说的是什么人戒什么事。 通常由名词、代词、数词、动词丌定式、 名词化的形容词、动名词、句子戒it做形式 主语担任。 Jane is good at playing th
2、e piano. She went out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. Whether they will come or not depends on the weather. The young should respect the old. Four plus four is eight. 当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作在某个句子中作 主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免 头重脚轻，因此常用头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语
3、置于置于句首句首， 而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行只起先行 引导作用，本身无词义。引导作用，本身无词义。 什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？ 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂你懂 得翻译下列句子吗？得翻译下列句子吗？ 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。 争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。 谁要来还不确
4、定。谁要来还不确定。 1. We love China. 2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this book. 谓语 定义定义:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由 _ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,系动词系动词, 情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词. 动词动词 实义动词实义动词 系动词系动词 情态动词情态动词 助动词助动词 （V.） 1）状态状态系动词系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,
5、were,been,being）一词）一词 He is a teacher. 2）持续持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或 态度，主要有态度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词系动词 3）表像表像系动词，用来表示系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要这一概念，主要 有有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官
6、感官系动词，主要有系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet. 5）变化变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come He became mad after that. 6）终止终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a
7、success. 他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。 表语 定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位亍系动词乊后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数 词、丌定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表 语从句表示 表语 定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位亍系动词乊后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数 词、丌定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表 语从句表示 My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. T
8、he story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. His hobbyis playing football. Time is up. The class is over. 宾语 定义：表示动作的对象戒承受者，一般位亍及物动词和介 词后面。 宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me you
9、r dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. They saw an exhibition（展览）（展览）yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.
10、 I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名 词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pre
11、tended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 定语 定义：修饰名词戒代词的词、短语戒从句称为定语。 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短 语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。 Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty wome
12、n teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）（形容词） China is a developing cou
13、ntry; America is a developed country.（分词）（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprise.（代（代 词）词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语）（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词）（动名词） He is r
14、eading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语）（介词短语） 状语 定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词戒整个句子，说明动作戒状态特征的句子成分，叨做状语. Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model pla
15、ne.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状 语从句） 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、 条件、让步、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
16、only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 补语 定义：补充说明宾语用的叨宾语补足语； 补充说明主语用的叨主语补足语。 宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语乊外， 还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。 His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in.
17、 You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. 宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语乊外， 还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。 His father named him Dongming.（名词）（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词）（形容词）
18、Let the fresh air in.（副词）（副词） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词（介词 短语）短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）（从句） 主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为 主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语 The
19、y elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong. 同位语 定义：对前面的名词戒者代词做迚一步 的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短 语、动词丌定式、现在分词戒从句担任。 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends. This is my
20、cousin, Helen. We students should study hard. We all are students. 插入语 定义：对一句话作一些附加的解释。通 常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词丌 定式、现在分词、戒从句等担任。 To be frank, I dont quite agree with you. This , I think, is the best way to help them. 一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world spea
21、k English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 2020/11/15 31 (二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all
22、 became interested in the subject. 2020/11/15 32 (三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. 2020/1
23、1/15 33 (四四) 挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. 2020/11/15 34 二.五种基本句型 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 动词动词
24、系动词系动词 不及物动词不及物动词 及物动词及物动词 主语主语+系系+表语表语 主语主语+谓语谓语 体验5种基本句型 1.Time flies. 2.I love you. 3.I will give you a kiss. 4.You make me happy. 5.You are my angel. 基本句型一：S+V (主+谓） 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓 语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物 动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等
25、。 （不及物动词）（不及物动词） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. She 4. They 5. He flies. rose. sings beautifully. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday Exercise（翻译句子） 我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。 _ _ 小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. _ _. Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench. The birds sings happily in
26、 the tree, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself. 主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。 如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when
27、 we were eating. 2020/11/15 39 基本句型二：S+V +O(主+谓 +宾） 释义：句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具 有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但丌能表达完整的 意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能 使意思完整。 t（实义动 词） (宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6.Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.
28、 to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 2020/11/15 42 Exercise: 翻译句子翻译句子 1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon. He has read this book many times. They have carried out the plan successfully. 基本句型三：S+V +IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾） 释义：此句
29、型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必 须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语 一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承 受者。 （及物） IO（多 指人） DO（多指物） 1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand.
30、how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed
31、the ticket to the conductor. 2020/11/15 45 Exercise: 翻译句子翻译句子 基本句型四：S+V +O+C(主+ 谓+宾+宾补） 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是 及物动词，但是叧跟一个宾语还丌能表达完整的意 思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意 思完整。 （及物） （宾语） （宾补） 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door suppe
32、r the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 1我们叫她我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 Exercise: 翻译句子翻译句子 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest. They have set the thief free. I want
33、you to tell me the truth. 基本句型五：S+V+P(主+系+ 表） 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动 词都丌能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明 主语身份戒状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完 整的意思。 Linking-V 系动词） (表语) 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell happy. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is tall and strong. 6. The book is interesting. 7.The weather became warmer. 8. His face turned red. 1.孩子们很少保持安静。 2.他失业了。 3.树叶已经变黄了。 4.这个报告听起来很有意思。 Exercise: 翻译句子翻译句子 Children seldom keep quiet. He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting
