1、 1 专题专题 05 05 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 2018 年高考题 1.【2018北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around? Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。你好，彼得。 我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob 现在在这儿，他开始(star
2、t)住在这儿 是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C 选项正确。 点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去 时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago 等。 2.【2018北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is
3、 working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。 3.【2018北京】7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到 2
4、5,000 公里。该句 时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用 现在完成时态。B 选项正确。 点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是 2 延续性的。 常见的时间状语有： since + 时间点/从句， for two months， so far， recently， in the past/last few days 等。 4. 【2018北京】 9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who
5、 _ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D 点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形 式为 had done，被动语态的表达形式为 had been done。 5.【2018天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B.
6、 is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C。 点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4 个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项 A 是过去时；选项 B 是一般现在时的被动；选项 C 是现在进行时；选项 D 是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分 析，最终判断出最佳答案。 6.【2018江苏】31. Ho
7、pefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在 2025 年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的 电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语 by then 到那时
8、，可知用完成时。 结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选 C。 点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有 3 没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在 于抓住题干中的两个时间状语 in 2025 和 by then，从而得出答案。 7.【2018江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years. A. had been carried out B. w
9、ould be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中 时间状语 last month 和 in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。故选 A。 点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有 没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在 于抓住题干中的两个时间状语 last month 和 in
10、the past two years，从而得出答案。 2017 年高考题 【2017天津卷】8. I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 【答案】A 考点：考查动词时态。 【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。 ：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did . 这时 一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was
11、/ were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when 引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时） 突然。 【2017江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he 和 follow 是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除 B/D；根据句意“在
12、 4 匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选 A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家 赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。 考点：时态和语态 【2017江苏卷】31.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C 考点：考查动词的时态 【2017北京卷】33. People_ better acc
13、ess to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result. A. will have B. have C. had D. had had 【答案】B 试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以 than 前一 句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选 B。 考点：考查时态。 【2017北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home
14、, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented 【答案】D 试题分析：句意：在美国 20 世纪 50 年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本 没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除 AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排 除 B，故选 D，过去完成时的被动语态。 考点：考查时态语态。 【2017北京卷】24. _ that company to see how they thin
15、k of our product yesterday? Yes. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 5 【答案】A 试题分析：句意：-你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？-打了，他们此 刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语 yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选 A。 考点：考查时态。 2016 年高考题 1.【2016北京】21. Jack _ in the lab when the p
16、ower cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 【答案】C 考点：考查时态 【名师点睛】 一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法： 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。 例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。 2、表移动的动词，如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, retu
17、rn 等词的过去进行时，可以表 示过去将要发生的动作。 例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。 3 3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。 例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun
18、 was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过 去进行时往往是表示背景。 例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity. 一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。 6 2.【2016北京】23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？星球大战 ，我们已经在这儿 等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语
