1、2021 年人教版英语中考一轮复习导学：八年级(下)Units 3-4 熟词生义 1.pass 熟义:v.给;递;走过;通过 生义:v.(时间)流逝 n.通行证;及格 (1)All visitors must show their passes before entering the building. 通行证 (2)Several hours passed,I thought the boy would not return my shoes. (时间)流逝 (3)One day he passed by a lake and wanted to let the swan drink som
2、e water. 走过;经过 2.develop 熟义:v.发展;壮大 生义:v.开发;研制;制定;形成;培养 (1)It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine(疫苗) that works well. 研制 (2)We should develop a team spirit wherever we are as long as we are together with others. 培养 (3)Develop a recycling policy for the whole community. 制定 3
3、.drop 熟义:v.(使)落下;掉下 生义:v.放弃;使减少;滴下;(价格、温度等)下降 n.滴;水珠;下降 (1)As I took the brush away,I dropped some paint onto the paper. 滴下 (2)The bowl with rice dropped and broke into pieces. 掉下 (3)The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy. n.(温度)下降 4.deal 熟义:v.对付;对待;处理 n.协议;交
4、易 生义:n.大量;很多 (1)About 75% of the worlds population will live in cities by 2050,so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems. 处理 (2)So far,the hospitals have received a great deal of encouragement from the public. 很多 (3)Business people shake hands when they make a deal. 交易 5
5、.offer 熟义:v.主动提出;自愿给予 生义:n.出价;主动提议;建议;录取通知书;特价 v.供应;提供 (1)Thank you for your kind offer of help. 主动提议 (2)Id like to take a vacation before getting my offer from my future high school. 录取通知书 (3)I like these books because they offer me a lot of useful knowledge. 提供 6.copy 熟义:v.抄袭;模仿;复制;复印 生义:n.副本;复制品;
6、一本;一册;一份 (1)If you cant afford a new copy of the book,perhaps you can find a secondhand one. 一本 (2)Some lazy students just copy the answers from the Internet without thinking on their own. 抄袭 7.cause 熟义:v.造成;引起 生义:n.原因;理由 (1)Waste pollutes the environment,harms peoples health and causes animals to d
7、ie. 造成;引起 (2)Zhong Nanshan spent days and nights to find the cause of the disease. 原因 高频考点归纳 考点 1 neither 的用法 【教材原句】 For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周内,她没做任何家务,我也没有。(P19) 1.neither 作代词时,意为“两者都不”。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用于“neither of+名词/代词宾格” 结构,其中名词之前必须有限定词,如 my,the,any,these
8、等。例如: Neither of my parents enjoys music.我的父母都不喜欢音乐。 2.neither 作副词时,意为“也不”,置于句首,句子用倒装语序。neither 也可用 nor 替换。主要用法如下: (1)“neither/nor+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所表述的否定情况也适用于后者。例如: They dont agree with you.Neither do I.他们不赞同你的意见。我也不赞同。 (2)“neither/nor+主语+助动词/be 动词/情态动词”表示后者赞同前面的否定观点。例如: I couldnt do anything
9、 for her.我帮不了她。 Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。 3.neither 作限定词时,意为“(两者)都不”,置于可数名词单数之前。例如: Neither chair is comfortable.两把椅子坐起来都不舒服。 4.neither 可构成 neither.nor.结构,意为“既不也不”,与 both.and.意思相反。 当 neither.nor.连接两 个并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。例如: Neither he nor I am able
10、to understand the meaning of the words.我和他都无法明白那些话的意思。 活学活用 1.What would you like,milk or coffee? .Id like some orange juice. A.None B.Neither C.Each D.Either 【解析】 考查不定代词。none“没有任何东西”;neither“(两者)都不”;each“每个”;either“(两者)任何一个”。根 据“Id like some orange juice.”可知,后者是牛奶和咖啡两者都不要,应用 neither。 【答案】 B 2.Will
11、you go to the movies tomorrow? If you dont go, . A.neither do I B.neither wont I C.neither will I D.neither dont I 【解析】 考查倒装句和 if 引导的条件状语从句。 句意:你明天会去看电影吗?如果你不去,我也不去。 if 引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的规则,因此主句用一般将来时。根据句意及选项可知,此处应用 neither 表示否定意义,will 不需要用否定形式。 【答案】 C 考点 2 辨析 borrow,lend 和 keep 【教材原句】 Could I borr
12、ow that book?我可以借那本书吗?(P20) 1.borrow 表示“借入”,不能和一段时间连用。 常见用法:borrow sth.from sb.“向某人借用某物;从某人处借某物”。 例如: You can borrow this kind of books from the school library.你可以从学校图书馆借这类书。 2.lend 表示“借出”,意思和 borrow 相对,也不可以和一段时间连用。 常见用法:lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth.“把某物 借给某人”。例如: Can you lend me your car this evenin
13、g?今晚你能把车借我用一下吗? 3.keep 意为“保留;存放”,表示借用一段时间,常和一段时间连用。例如: Can I keep this book for a month?这本书我可以借一个月吗? 活学活用 Sam a computer from me yesterday. A.sold B.borrowed C.lent D.returned 【解析】考查动词。句意:萨姆昨天从我这借了一台电脑。sell“卖”;borrow“借进”;lend“借出”;return“归还”。 由句中介词 from 可知,此处为固定搭配 borrow sth.from sb.,表示“向某人借某物”。 【答案】
14、 B 考点 3 in order to 的用法 【教材原句】 They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.他们应 该把时间花在学业上,以便能取得好成绩,进入一所好大学。(P22) in order to 意为“目的是;为了”,后接动词原形,表示目的,同义短语为 so as to。in order 后还可接 that 引导 的目的状语从句,意为“为了”,有时可以与 so that 互换。 注意:in order to 和 in order
15、 that 可位于句首或句中,而 so as to 和 so that 通常只能用于句中。例如: I got up early in order to catch the early bus.=I got up early so as to catch the early bus.=I got up early in order that I could catch the early bus.=I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.=I got up early to catch the early bus.我早起是为了赶上早班
16、车。 活学活用 make progress,she has been studying hard. A.Instead of B.In order to C.Except for D.So as to 【解析】考查介词短语。句意:为了取得进步,她一直在努力学习。in order to 意为“目的是;为了”,符合语境。 instead of 意为“代替”;except for 意为“除了”;so as to 意为“为了”,一般不用于句首。 【答案】 B 考点 4 provide 的用法 【教材原句】 It is the parents job to provide a clean and com
17、fortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们 的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。(P22) 辨析 provide,offer 和 give (1)provide 主要指提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。接双宾语时多与介词 for 或 with 连用,常见用法:provide sth.for sb.=provide sb.with sth.。例如: They provide us with food.他们给我们提供食物。 (2)offer 指提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物,多含有“主动提供”之意。可接不定式作宾语,可接双宾语
18、,也可与 介词 to 连用,常见用法:offer to do sth.;offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.。例如: He offered some useful advice to us.他给我们提供了一些有用的建议。 (3)give 意为“供给;给出”,多指一般性地给出或因别人需要而给。可接双宾语,也可与介词 to 连用,常见用 法:give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.。例如: Can you give a job to me?你能给我提供一份工作吗? 活学活用 1.“Stall Economy”(地摊经济) has won high prais
19、e from Premier Li Keqiang because it can the people with more chances to work. A.offer B.provide C.give D.cause 【解析】考查动词。句意:“地摊经济”得到了李克强总理的高度赞扬,因为它能为人民群众提供更多的就业机 会。根据语境可知,此处为固定搭配 provide sb.with sth.,意为“为某人提供某物”。 【答案】 B 2.Hows it going,Tina? Great.My company has me a good job. A.offered B.provided C
20、.introduced D.discovered 【解析】考查动词。句意:最近怎么样,蒂娜?很好。我的公司为我提供了一份好工作。根据语境可 知,此处为固定搭配 offer sb.sth,意为“提供某人某物”。 【答案】 A 考点 5 allow 的用法 【教材原句】 My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我的父母不允许我和朋友在外闲逛。(P25) allow 为动词,意为“允许;准许;让”,后面可直接接名词或代词作宾语。 常见用法:allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”;allow doing sth.“允许
21、做某事”;be allowed to do sth.“被允许 做某事”。例如: If you allow me,I will send you back.如果你同意的话,我送你回家。 His parents allowed him to stay out late.他的父母允许他在外面待到很晚。 We dont allow smoking in our house.在我们家里不允许吸烟。 Smoking is not allowed in the hall.大厅里禁止吸烟。 使役动词 let 和 make 也可以表示“让某人做某事”,后接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即 let/mak
22、e sb.do sth.。但是当变为被动语态时需要加上不定式符号 to,即 be let to do sth.,be made to do sth.。例如: She often makes her child do homework all day.她经常让她的孩子做一整天作业。 She is made to follow the rules.她被迫遵守这些规定。 活学活用 1.My parents only me to watch TV on Saturday. A.keep B.make C.allow D.let 【解析】考查动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的“to watch TV”是动
23、词不定式短语作宾语补足语。所给选项 中只有 allow 后可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 【答案】 C 2.As you know,I to play games on weekdays. A.dont allow B.didnt allowed C.am not allowed D.wasnt allowed 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:正如你所知道的,我在工作日是不被允许玩游戏的。根据语境可知, 本句的主语 I 与谓语动词 allow 构成被动关系,应用被动语态;又因本句是表示经常性的动作,故此处应用一般 现在时的被动语态。 【答案】 C 考点 6 instead 的用法
24、 【教材原句】 Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反,他却观看他想看的东西到深夜。(P27) 1.instead 是副词,意为“代替,相反”。instead 可位于句首,也可位于句末。例如: Lily isnt here.Ask Lucy instead.莉莉不在这里。去问露西吧。 She didnt answer me,instead,she asked me another question.她没有回答我,相反,她问了我另外一个问题。 2.instead of 是短语介词,其后可接名词、 代词或动名词,有时也
25、可接形容词、 副词、 动词不定式或介词短语等。 例如: Well ask Li Mei instead of Mary.我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。 He asked me another question instead of answering me.他没有回答我的问题,而是问了我另外一个问题。 活学活用 Li Lei didnt play computer games last weekend. ,he worked as a volunteer in an old peoples home. A.Instead B.Certainly C.Though D.Gradually 【解析】考
26、查副词。句意:上个周末李磊没玩电脑游戏。相反,他在一家敬老院做志愿者。instead“相 反”;certainly“当然”;though“虽然”;gradually“逐渐地”。 【答案】 A 考点 7 compare.with.的用法 【教材原句】 And they are always comparing them with other children.并且她们总是把自己的孩子和别的孩子进行比较。 (P30) compare 作动词,意为“比较;对比”,常与 with 或 to 连用。compare.with.意为“把和相 比”;compare.to.意为“把比作”。例如: My moth
27、er always compares me with other kids.我妈妈总是将我和别的孩子进行比较。 People like to compare teachers to candles.人们喜欢把老师比作蜡烛。 活学活用 英译汉 Dont always compare yourself with others. 不要总拿自己和别人比。 【解析】考查英译汉。本句为祈使句,compare.with.意为“把与相比”。 考点 8 Peter,could you please take out the rubbish?彼得,你可以把垃圾拿出去扔掉吗?(P17) 1.以 could 开头的一
28、般疑问句表示有礼貌地提出请求。“Could you please do sth.?”意为“请你做某事好吗?”此 时句中的 could 不表示时态,只表示委婉语气。常见答语:Sure./Certainly./Of course./Sorry,I cant.。例如: Could you please answer the telephone?请你接一下电话好吗? Sure./Sorry,I cant.Im too busy now.当然可以。/对不起,我不能。我现在太忙了。 2.否定结构为“Could you please not do sth.?”常见答语“Sorry,I wont do tha
29、t (any more/again).”。例如: Could you please not smoke here?请你不要在这里抽烟好吗? Sorry,I wont do that again.对不起,我再也不会了。 (1)could 作 can 的过去式,表示过去的能力时,答语中仍用 could。此外,could 还可表示推测,语气较弱。例如: Could you swim when you were seven years old?你七岁时会游泳吗? No,I couldnt.不,我不会。 (2)could 表示请求时,只表示一种委婉语气,答语中不能用 could,只能用 can。例如:
30、Could I watch TV now,Mom?妈妈,我现在可以看电视吗? No,you cant.不,你不能。 活学活用 you please take the dog for work? OK,but I have to fold the clothes first. A.Must B.Should C.Could D.May 【解析】 考查情态动词。 根据答语“好的,但我得先把衣服叠起来”可知,问句表达的是“委婉地请求别人做某事”, 应使用句式:Can/Could you please do sth.? 【答案】 C 考点 9 He should talk to his friend
31、so that he can say hes sorry.他应该跟他的朋友谈谈,以便他能说声抱歉。 (P28) 1.so that 在这里引导的是目的状语从句。so that 引导目的状语从句时,从句中通常用 may,might,can,could,will 等,意为“以便;为的是”,从句位于主句之后,从句前无逗号。例如: We learn English so that we may get more knowledge.我们学习英语是为了获得更多的知识。 2.so that 还可以引导结果状语从句,意为“因此;以至于”,从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。例如: He spoke clearly,s
32、o that everybody understood him.他讲话讲得很清楚,因此大家都听懂了。 The Chinese government took proper steps so that more lives were saved.中国政府采取了恰当的措施,挽救了更 多人的生命。 活学活用 I think I am the shyest in my class.What should I do? Be more active in class you can improve your ability to express yourself. A.so that B.unless C
33、.or D.although 【解析】考查连词。句意:我觉得我是班上最害羞的。我该怎么办?在课堂上要更加活跃,这样你就 可以提高你的自我表达能力。so that“以便;因此”,引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句;unless“除非”,引导条件 状语从句;or“否则”,连接并列句;although“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。分析句子可知,此处表示目的,应用 so that 引导目的状语从句。 【答案】 A 导学课堂成果检测 .单项填空 1.The speaker showed some examples to make the science report easy to understand.(C
34、) A.awful B.stupid C.proper D.thick 2.Its said that shopping online is safe. .Youd better be careful.(B) A.I agree B.That depends C.I think so D.No problem 3.Helen has got two brothers. of them likes chocolate,but she loves it.(A) A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any 4.Rick has learned a lot about Chinese
35、culture he came to China.(D) A.before B.when C.until D.since 5.It is helpful to a good habit of reading in language learning.(C) A.take B.show C.develop D.match 6.To protect the environment,supermarkets dont free plastic bags to shoppers.(C) A.take B.show C.provide D.carry 7.We have red and yellow T
36、shirts.Which color do you like? Im afraid .I think blue will be OK.(C) A.both B.either C.neither D.none 8.Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ill go to Beijing the school term ends.(C) A.in order that B.so that C.as soon as D.even though 9.My father was preparing for his speech my mother was doing some washing last night.(B) A.if B.while C.unless D.until 10.What a nice day!We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.(B) A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out of .单词拼写 1.Could you please lend (借) me your dictionary? 2.Reading and writing are two basic learning skills (技能).
