1、Unit 2 onwards and upwards Part one starting out 一一.重点词汇重点词汇 debt n.债务，欠款 fall/get/run into debt 负债；借债 in debt 欠债 out of debt 不欠债 pay off ones debts 还清债务 2. pace n.速度，进度 v.走来走去，来回踱步 at ones own pace 按照自己的进度 keep pace with 跟上，与并驾齐驱 set the pace 领先；起带头作用 at a pace of 以的速度 pace up and down 来回走着 3. eage
2、rly adv. 渴望地，热切地 eager adj. 渴望的，热切的 be eager to do 渴望去做某事 4. survive v. 幸存，幸免于 survival n. 幸存，残存物 survivor n. 生还者，生存者 5. eventually 最后终于 6. guarantee v. 保证，向某人担保 guarantee sb. sth.保证某人某事 guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证某事 guarantee n. give sb. a guarantee that under guarantee 在保质期内 7. challenge n. 挑战 a c
3、hallenge to 对的挑战 meet /face a challenge 面对挑战 accept/ take up a challenge 接收挑战 二二. 重点短语重点短语 1. take.for example 以为例 take notice of 注意到；留意 take advantage of 利用 take ones time 慢慢来 take it easy 别紧张，放松点 take action 采取行动 2. give up 放弃 give away 捐出，捐赠 give back 归还，退还 give off 放光，放出 give in 投降 让步 give out 分
4、发；发出 give way to 给让路 3. have in common with 和有共同之处 have much/ a lot in common with 与有共同之 处 have nothing /little in common 与.没有共同之处 in common 共有(的) in common with 和一样 common sense 常识 4. turn down 调小，调低，拒绝 turn up 出现，调大，到场 turn out 证明是 结果是 turn off 关上 turn on 打开 turn over 翻转 turn in 上交 归还 turn around
5、转身 5.dream of /about doing 梦想做某事 6. in particular 特别 尤其 be particular to 是 特有的 be particular about/over 对挑剔讲究 7. pick up 学会 接人 收听 染上 pick out 挑出 辨认 8. end up 最终成为 end up doing 以结束 end up with 以结尾 end up as 最后成了 三三.重点句型重点句型 1.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and r
6、eads it，their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. 自主翻译 _ 2. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your lifes work，yet still this is often not enough. 自主翻译 _ 3.Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight，but perhaps not many know that a lot o
7、f highly successful writers have previously faced rejection. 自主翻译 _ 4.When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favorite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall. 自主翻译 _ 5.After a total of twelve rejections， one publisher eventual
8、ly agreed to print 500 copies of her first book， and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 自主翻译 _ 6. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your lifes work，yet still
9、 this is often not enough. 自主翻译 _ 7. Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 自主翻译 _ 8.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school，but later struggled to get his works published . 自主翻译 _ 9.Keep tryi
10、ng and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you.” 自主翻译 _ Unit 2 part 2 developing ideas 一.重要词汇 1. inform v.通知；告知 inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事 inform sb that 告知某人 informed adj. 有学问的，有见识的 keep sb informed of sth 随时告知某人 information n.消息 情报 2. perserve v.锲而不舍，坚持不懈 perseverance
11、 n. 3. criticism n.批判，批评，考证 critical adj.批判的，批评的，爱挑剔的 criticize v. 批评，批判 4. 1)worthwhile adj.重要的，值得做的 It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事 2)worth prep.值得的； 相当于的价值 n.价值； 作用 adj.古值钱的 be (well) worth doing(非常)值得做 be worthn.值得；值 3)worthy adj.值得的 be worthy of being done be worthy to be done be worthy
12、 of sth 5. enthusiastic adj.热情的热心的 be enthusiastic about sth 对某事热心 enthusiasm n.热心热情 with enthusiasm 热情地 enthusiastically adv.热情地 6. upset adj. be/feel/get upset about /by/over sth 对某事烦恼、 不安，难过 be upset to do sth. 做某事很难过 upset v. upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼 It upsets sb to do sth 做某事让某人心烦 7. elec
13、t v.选择，决定 elect to do sth. 选择/决定做某事 election n.选举，推选 8.appreciative adj. be appreciative of 感激；欣赏 appreciate vt.欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；意识到 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事 I would appreciate it if you can appreciation n. in appreciation of 作为对的感谢 9. delight n. 高兴，愉快 with delight =in delight 高兴地，愉快地 to ones delight
14、令某人愉快地 take delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐 delighted adj.感到开心的 be delighted at /by/with由于而高兴 be delighted to do 很高兴做某事 delighting adj.令人感到开心的 delightful adj.快乐的，愉快的 10. apply v. 应用 申请 apply to 应用到 apply oneself to 致力于 apply for 申请 application n.申请 应用 applicant n.申请人 11. persuade 说服 persuade sb to
15、do =persuade sb into doing 说服 某人做某事 persuade sb not to do =persuade sb out of doing 说 服某人不要做某事 12. embarrass v.使尴尬 embarrassed adj.搞到尴尬的 be embarrassed about /at sth 对尴尬 be embarrassed to do sth 很尴尬去做某事 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 embarrassment n.尴尬 to ones embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是. 13. aware adj. 意识到的，明白的
16、make sb aware of 使某人意识到 be /become aware of 意识到 awareness n. 意识 raise ones awareness of 提高某人的意识 二二.重点短语重点短语 1. now and then 时而，有时 from now on 从今以后 from then on 从那以后 just now 刚才；现在 up to now 迄今为止 now that 既然 since then 自那时以来 2. knock over 撞倒；打翻 knock at/on 敲 knock down 撞倒，击倒；拆卸 knock into 撞在上 knock o
17、ff 敲掉；(从价格中)减去 三三.重点句式重点句式 1. With life being made up of ups and downs，it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. 自主翻译 _ 2.形容词作状语 I should again greet the dawn，anxious to discover new delights ，new revelations of beauty. 自主翻译 _ 3.only 位于句首引起倒装 Only when darkness had again de
18、scended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen. 自主翻译 _ Part three Grammar -ing and to-infinitive as object 1.We regret to inform you. 2.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book. 3.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories
19、in high school. 4.Despite rejections from several publishers，J.D. Salinger refused to give up. 5.Nevertheless，the sisters didnt stop trying. 句 1 和句 2 和句 4 中 regret，agreed 和 refused 后跟 作宾语；句 3 和句 5 中的 started 和 stop 后跟 作宾语。 后接-ing 或者 to do 作宾语 1.只接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语 英语中有些动词及短语必须接不定式作宾语，这类动词及短语常用的有： affor
20、d 负担得起； agree 同意； attempt 尝试，试图； choose 选择； desire 渴望； determine 决心； decide 决定； expect 期望； hope 希望； learn 学习； manage 设法； offer 主动提出； plan 计划； pretend 假装； promise 许诺； refuse 拒绝； wish 希望； set out 着手； would like 想要等。 I cant afford to waste money on cheap souvenirs. 我不能把钱浪费在那些廉价的纪念品上。 2. 只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
21、英语中有些动词及短语必须接动名词作宾语， 这类动词及短语常用的有： admit 承认； appreciate 感激； avoid 避免；consider 考虑；delay 延迟；deny 否认；enjoy 喜欢；escape 逃脱；finish 完成；imagine 想象；mind 介意；miss 错过；postpone 推迟；practice 练习；resist 抵抗；risk 冒险；suggest 建议；insist on 坚持；stand 忍受；keep 保持等。 be used to 习惯于；be accustomed to 习惯于；lead to 导致；devote oneself
22、to 献身于；object to 反对； stick to 坚持；look forward to 期望，盼望等短语中的 to 为介词，也接动名词作宾语。 3. to 为介词的短语： be/get/become used to doing 习惯于 be accustomed to doing 习惯于 be addicted to doing 沉溺于；对上瘾 be opposed to doing 反对 object to doing 反对 devote oneself to 献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被录取；准许进入 lead to
23、 doing 导致 contribute to doing 贡献；导致；促进 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 stick to doing sth.坚持做某事 be equal to sth.胜任做某事 have access to 有接近(某物的)方法 attach great importance to doing sth.重视做某事 get down to doing sth.开始做某事 the key/approach to doing sth.做某事的关键/方法 when it comes to 当谈到 Have you ever considered
24、 going abroad for further education? 你考虑过去国外深造吗？ You can hardly avoid meeting her if both of you work in the same office. 如果你们两个人在同一间办公室工作，你就免不了会遇见她。 He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time. 很长一段时间以来他一直盼望去英国。 3.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有： try to do sth.尽力做某事/try doi
25、ng sth.试着去做某事 mean to do sth.打算去做某事/mean doing sth.意味着做某事 regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事/remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事/forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事 stop to do sth.停下去做别的事/stop doing sth.停下正在做的事 go on to do sth.接着做另外的事/go on doing sth.继续做原
26、来的事 cant help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事/have no choice but to do sth.别无选 择只能做某事 5.在动词 allow， permit， forbid， advise 后面直接跟动名词形式作宾语， 如果后面有名词或代词作宾语， 其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 独立主格结构及非谓语动词的其他考点独立主格结构及非谓语动词的其他考点 一、 1.名词或代词主格+不定式; Lots of work to do, I have to work extra hours. 2.名词或代词主格+现在分词
27、： Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 3.名词或代词主格+过去分词 The test finished，we will have our summer vacation. 二. 1.动名词的复合结构 Would you mind opening the door? Would you mind me/my opening the door? Toms being polite is praised by all. We dont like his/him/Toms showing off. 2. there be 的
28、非谓语动词形式 there be 的不定式结构用(for) there to be，v.-ing 形式是 there being。如： There being no bus, we had to walk home. 3With/without 的复合结构 1) with/without+名词/代词+形容词(短语)/副词/介词短语 I found her sitting in the corner, reading a newspaper, with tears in her eyes. 2) with/without+名词/代词+现在分词 With about 7 million colle
29、ge graduates in China crowding into the job market this year, its going to be tough to get a good job. 3)with/without+名词/代词+不定式 With many students to attend his lecture about the endangered animals, the professor has been preparing for it all day. 4) with/without+名词/代词+过去分词 Most companies center on
30、how to get customers, with little attention paid to keeping them. 习题 1 _ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China. 2 _(struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is. 3 _(give) a push, an object will move forwa
31、rd and do work. 4 Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said_ (donate) nearly 40 million yuan of all of his books royalty(版税) income over the past two years. 5The student _ (absorb) in the games on the smart phone during class did not notice his teacher behind him. 6. A man, _ (sentence) 18 years ago
32、, was found not guilty, which amazed many people. 7Square dancing, _ (see) as a way to relax and exercise by some people, has brought about lots of arguments. 8 “Hope for the best and prepare for the worst” is a proverb, _ (mean) life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.来源:Z|xx|k.Com 9 People from all the corners came to the city center, _ (make) it very crowded. 10He survived the crash, only _ (die) in the desert.
