1、1 课时分层作业(十三) .单词拼写 1I blamed George for the failure of the talks. 2The town fell into a decline after the mine closed. 3Personal characteristics(特征)，such as age and sex are taken into account. 4The case has generated(产生) enormous publicity in Brazil. 5Studies suggest that life originated only once，f
2、rom a single ancestor. 6He suspected that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin. 7The interviews were given to a random sample(样本) of students. 8The time we spent together is now a distant memory. .阅读理解 A When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scient
3、ists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals know
4、n as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But
5、 others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.Th
6、e damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors， relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its ow
7、n branches，and 2 so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasnt a true，intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we ca
8、n see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on. 【语篇解读】 当植物受到攻击时它们怎么反应？怎么交流？ 1What does a plant do when it is under attack? AIt makes noises. BIt gets help from other plants. CIt stands quietly. DIt sends out certain chemicals. D 根据第一段“Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getti
9、ng bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm”可知， 当植物受到 伤害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故 D 项正确。 2What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3? AThe attackers get attacked. BThe
10、insects gather under the table. CThe plants get ready to fight back. DThe perfumes attract natural enemies. A 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击 者就成为植物的午餐，故 A 项正确。 3Scientists find from their studies that plants can . Ap
11、redict natural disasters Bprotect themselves against insects Ctalk to one another intentionally Dhelp their neighbors when necessary B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants 3 give out VOCs when being attacked.”可知，植物分泌出 VOCs，是为了保护自己， 故 B 项正确。 4What can we infer from the last para
12、graph? AThe word is changing faster than ever. BPeople have stronger senses than before. CThe world is more complex than it seems. DPeople in Darwins time were imaginative. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear”可知，这个世界比我们 看到或者听到的
13、更热闹更亲密， 因此世界也比我们想象的更复杂， 故 C 项正确。 B British people work some of the longest hours in Europe， but are among the least productive.Now some companies are shortening the working week to increase efficiency，health and happiness. Rich Leigh has introduced a four- day week at his PR company.In fact，his enti
14、re company has Friday off，because his firm has adopted a four- day week.It is one of a handful of UK businesses that now operate like this: staff still get paid their previous five- day salary，but they work a day less.The company found that they achieved just as muchand there were even sighs of grow
15、th.“The key to the schemes success， ” Leigh says，“is how happy our employees now are.” The average British worker takes only a 34 minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (more often than not this is unpaid)Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors，who tend
16、to work fewer hours. British working practices have caused loss and damage to the nations health and happiness.More than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with work- related stress or anxiety last year.Moreover，the work landscape itself is changing.Automation and AI will have a signif
17、icant impact on the labor market， where unsteady work becomes more common. Britain is the only EU member that allows workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer hours.For campaigners ，now is the time for a change.OGrady，an advocate，argues that where businesses have increased their 4
18、profits as a result of automation， success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours.“Its time to share the benefits from new technology，not allowing those at the top to grab them for themselves.” she says. 【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。 5We can learn from the passage that . ABritish
19、people are the least productive in the world BMost companies in Britain have conducted a four- day week CPR company has witnessed a rise in employees happiness DBritish people work longer and get more payment than other countries C 推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“The company found that they achieved just as muchand
20、there were even sighs of growth.The key to the schemes success，Leigh says，is how happy our employees now are.”( 该公司发现 他们也取得了同样的成绩甚至还有增长的迹象。“该计划成功的关键，” Leigh 说，“是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”)由此推断出 PR 公司见证了员工幸 福感的提升，故选 C。 6Which is the proper description of British working practices? AThe working time of British wor
21、kers is within the EU limit. BIn terms of productivity，Britain is beaten by the United States. CProfits gained from new technology are on the decrease. DAutomation and AI are likely to cause an instable work market. D 细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor marke
22、t，where unsteady work becomes more common.”(自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响， 不稳定的工作变得 更加普遍。)由此可知，对英国工作实践的恰当描述是自动化和人工智能很可能 导致不稳定的工作市场，故选 D。 7Which can be inferred from OGradys words in the last paragraph? AIts time for employers to share the increased profits created by automation. BWorkers should benefit from
23、 automation in the form of less working hours. CNew technology should belong to both businesses and workers. DBusinesses cant make more profits without new technology. 5 B 推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段“OGrady，an advocate，argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation， success
24、should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours.”(拥护者 OGrady 认为，在自 动化提高了企业利润的地方，成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。)由此推 断出 OGrady 的话的意思是工人应该从减少工作时间的自动化中获益， 故选 B。 8What is the authors purpose of writing the passage? ATo introduce some British firms switch to a four- day working week. BTo explain the reason
25、s why British workers suffer stress and anxiety. CTo appeal for more reasonable working conditions. DTo present the current productivity problem in Britain. A 写作意图题。第二段“Rich Leigh has introduced a four- day week at his PR company.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英 国公司的四天工作制度，故选 A。 .阅读七选五 Different weathe
26、r makes people feel different.It influences (影响) health， intelligence (智力) and feelings. In August，it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. 1 .In the Northeast and the Middle West，it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times.People in these states have more hear
27、t trouble after the weather changes in February or March. The weather can also influence intelligence.For example，in a 1983 report by scientists，IQ (智商) of a group students was very high when a very strong wind came，but after the strong wind，their IQ was 10% lower. 2 .Very hot weather， on the other
28、hand (另一方面)，can make it lower.Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August) Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings.Winter may be a bad time for thin people.They usually feel cold during these months.They might
29、feel unhappy during cold weather. 3 .They even dont like to do outdoor activities. Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. 4 .There is a “good 6 weather” for work and health.People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度) Are you feeling sad，tired，forgetful，or unhappy today?
30、5 . AIt may be the weathers problem BWarm weather can have a bad effect on health CThe wind can help people have higher intelligence DBut fat people may have a hard time in hot weather EPeople may have higher intelligence when low air pressure comes FPeople leave more bags on buses and in shops on l
31、ow pressure days G People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month 【语篇解读】 本文讲述了天气对人们各个方面的影响。 1G 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“In the Northeast and the Middle West，it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times.People in these states have more heart trouble after t
32、he weather changes in February or March.”(在 东北部和中西部，有时非常热，有时非常冷。在这些州的人们在二月或者三月的 变天后更多地患有心脏病。)可知，人们在很热或者很冷的情况下容易诱发心脏 病，所以，在八月，美国的南部地区炎热且潮湿的时候，人们很容易得心脏病和 其他疾病，故选 G。 2C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“For example，in a 1983 report by scientists，IQ(智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came，but
33、 after the strong wind，their IQ was 10% lower.”(例如，根据 1983 年的 一个科学报告，当强风到来的时候，一组学生的智商在此时是非常高的，但是在 强风走后，他们的智商下降了 10%)，所以得出的结论就是：强风可以帮助人们 使他们的智商变高。故选 C。 3D 推理判断题。由第四段开头“Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings.”可知，天气可以影响人们的感觉。然后讲了冬天对于瘦人来说 可能是一个很坏的时刻，因为他们因为瘦而感到寒冷；说完瘦人就开始说胖人来 作为一个对比：胖人在夏天也不好过。故选 D。 4F 推理判断题。根据第五段开头“Low air pressure(气压) may make 7 people forgetful.”(低气压可能使人们健忘)可知，接下来作者可能会讲人们在低 气压下健忘的表现，故选 F。 5A 推理判断题。最后一段是对全文的一个总结：如果你感到悲伤、难 过、健忘和不开心，那就是天气在作怪。故填 A。
