1、Unit 6 Earth first Calls for action to save wildlife! Humans share Earth with many different kinds of wildlife. However, many of our animal and plant friends may not be around for much longer. According to the first comprehensive report on biodiversity (生物多样性) released by the United Nations in May,
2、1 million of Earths species in 8 million are threatened with extinction, including amphibians (两栖动物), marine mammals (哺 乳动物) and insects . Humans are mainly to blame for the danger. According to the report, the worlds population has doubled in the last 50 years. Humans have used more than a third of
3、 the worlds land and 75 percent of fresh water supplies to grow crops and keep livestock . As a result, there are fewer habitats and fewer natural resources available as well as more pollution. Because of human activities, the global rate of species extinction over the past 50 years has been already
4、 “at least hundreds of times higher than it was averagely over the past 10 million years” , the report noted . The species extinction could have a serious influence on ecosystems. “When you lose a species, think of it like a fabric， and youre taking and pulling one of the thread (线)，” Brett Scheffer
5、s, an ecologist at the University of Florida, US, told NBC News. “Over time, the fabric gets looser and less stable. These are the types of changes were observing where entire ecosystems collapse 【1】 ” 【1】were observing 和 where entire ecosystems collapse 都是定语从句，均 修饰先行词 the types of changes；第一个定语从句中省
6、略了关系代词 that/which； 第二个定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语，先行词此时表示抽象地点。 These developments lead scientists to believe that there could be a sixth mass extinction, the first to be caused by humans 【2】 ， according to the Guardian. There have been five mass extinctions before, the last being 65 million years ago 【3】. T
7、hat time it was the dinosaurs that died out【4】 【2】此处作 a sixth mass extinction 的同位语，不定式 to be caused by humans作后置定语，修饰 the first。 【3】该句是一个较长的简单句。“the last being 65 million years ago”是 独立主格结构。 【4】该句是强调句，原句是：That time the dinosaurs died out，用 it was.that.对主语进行强调。 “The evidence is clear: The future will
8、 be bad for us if we dont act now. There is no future for us without nature，” Sandra Diaz, coauthor of the report, told National Geographic. To deal with the problem 【5】 ， many countries have taken action. For example, China has banned the use of rhino horns (犀牛角) and tiger bones, and the ivory trad
9、e, reported China Daily. 【5】此处不定式短语作目的状语。 According to Huffpost, there are things that we can do personally to save wild species【6】. For example, dont buy products made from illegal wildlife parts and reduce water waste. 【6】这是一个主从复合句。主句是 There be 句式；that we can do personally to save wild species 是定语
10、从句，修饰先行词 things；不定式短语 to save wild species 作目的状语。 “Each individual action has a ripple effect (连锁反应) and every person can make a difference21through a mass we can turn the tide22，” said Claudia Sobrevila, from Global Wildlife Program. 词汇积累 call n. 熟词生义 需要，请求，呼吁 around adv. 熟词生义 出现；现有。常用表语。 comprehen
11、sive /kmprhensv/adj. 全面的，详尽的 release/rlis/n. where sharks are caught and their fins cut off 为 where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 fishing。 Students should take part in more community activities where they can gain more experience. 学生应该参加更多的社区活动，在那里他们可以获得更多的经验。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)You have reached a point _ medicine
12、 cant help. (2)Its a job _ you can find your true value. (3)He got into _(的情况)it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 联想拓展： 高考对于 where 的考查趋于复杂化，先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊 的地点”或者“抽象的地点”。这些名词有 stage, case, position, activity等。 2.(教材原句)Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to pro
13、tect them from extinction. 今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于 灭绝。 句型解构：as 意为“随着”，在句中引导时间状语从句。 as 的常见用法如下： (1)当时；随着(引导时间状语从句) (2)由于，因为(引导原因状语从句) (3)正如，依照(引导方式状语从句) (4)尽管，虽然，即使(引导让步状语从句) (5)和一样(as. as比较状语从句) (6)as 作关系代词(引导定语从句) 即学即练 判断 as 引导的是什么从句 (1)As it was getting late, I turned around to start for
14、home._ (2)As you make reading a regular part of your life, youll understand the text better._ (3)When in Rome, do as Romans do._ (4)As is known to us, Nanjing is a famous city for her long history._ (5)As I looked at his face, something occurred to me._ (6)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply b
15、ecause we were so tired after the long journey._ (7)Thats not as simple as it sounds._ 易错提示： as 引导让步状语从句必用倒装，将表语、状语或谓语动词的原形提至句首。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他年轻，他却懂得很多。 SHARKS: DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED? 1We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater . She su
16、rfaces， cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack.【1】 It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people
17、s longheld idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal. 【1】showing a shark attack 是现在分词短语作定语，可改写为定语从句， 即 which shows a shark attack。 2People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse 【2】. It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many peopl
18、e who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans 【3】. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film 【4】. Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could 【5】. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were ki
19、lled, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed. 【2】此处为“make宾语宾补”结构，形容词 worse 在此作宾补。 【3】此处 who saw the film 为 who引导的定语从句，修饰 Many people； that.ate humans 为 that 引导的宾语从句，作 believe 的宾语，宾语从句中的 that ate humans 为 that引导的定语从句，修饰 bad animals。 【4】此处为形容词短语作原因状语。 【5】此处为现在分词短语作状语，其中的 as many as th
20、ey could 属于 “as.as.”结构，表示“尽可能多的”。 3After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly, and soon fell around the world. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off 【6】. The sharks are thrown bac
21、k into the sea where they die slowly and painfully. The fins are used in shark fin soup. Finning kills millions of sharks a year. 【6】此处为 where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a type of fishing; cut off 前的 are 省略了。 4Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws w
22、as based on 【7】. In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. It was an area where fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. Benchley saw sharks being killed 【8】 and this caused a deep change in him. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rathe
23、r than the other way round. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks behaviour. “Sharks dont target humans，” he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake 【9】. Only around six people are killed
24、 by sharks every year. 【7】此处为 Peter Benchley的同位语，其中 who.based on 为 who 引导的 定语从句，修饰 the man；该定语从句中又包含一个省略了关系词的定语从句 the film Jaws was based on，该定语从句修饰 the book。 【8】此处为“see宾语宾补”结构，being killed 在此作宾补，表示正 在进行的被动动作。 【9】此处为 and 连接的并列句。第一分句中包含一个 that 引导的宾语从 句，作 proved 的宾语。 5Fortunately， not everyone who wat
25、ched the film Jaws became afraid of sharkssome became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. 词语积累 underwater/ndwt(r)/adv.在水面下 构词法underwater 是由“介词名词”构成的复合副词。类似的词还有： downstairs 在楼下，downtown在/往市中心，alongside 在一边
26、。 surface 熟词生义 vi.升到水面，浮出水面 longheld 长期持有的 构词法该词由“副词过去分词”构成，类似的词有：wellprepared 准 备好的，wellknown 众所周知的，wellwritten 写得好的。 scared/sked/adj.害怕，恐惧，畏惧，担心 due to 由于，因为 fin/fn/v.切去(鱼的)鳍 n鱼鳍 cut off 切掉；被隔绝；切断(供给)；中断 dive/dav/v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 go diving 去潜水 diver n(通常有专用装备的)潜水员 rather than 而不是 the other way rou
27、nd 相反的情况；颠倒过来，反过来 target/tt/v.把作为目标 by mistake 错误地，无意中 近义by chance 偶然，意外地近义on purpose 故意；有意地 fortunately/f(r)tntli/adv.幸运地 近义luckily adv.幸运地 extinction/kstk()n/n.灭绝，绝种 be threatened with extinction/in danger of extinction 面临消亡的威胁/有消亡 的危险的 extinct/kstkt/adj.已灭绝的，绝种的 文化采风 大白鲨(Jaws)是 1975 年上映的一部美国惊悚电影。
28、本片是史蒂文斯 皮尔伯格拍摄的经典影片之一，根据彼得本奇利的同名小说改编。影片讲述了 在一个名叫艾米蒂岛的暑期度假小镇近海处出现一头巨大的食人大白鲨，多名 游客命丧其口。当地警长在一名海洋生物学家和一位职业鲨鱼捕手的帮助下猎 杀这条鲨鱼的故事。 鲨鱼：危险的还是濒危的？ 1 我们看到一个晚上在一片黑暗的海里游泳的女人突然被拉到了水下。 她浮出水面，惊恐地哭着，然后彻底消失了。这是 1975 年的电影大白鲨的 开场，展现了鲨鱼的一次袭击。电影向我们讲述了一条大白鲨攻击并杀死游泳 者的故事。 大白鲨是一部非常成功的电影，吸引了许多的观众，获得了众多 奖项。它强化了人们长期就有的观念，即大白鲨属于危
29、险生物。 2 虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但大白鲨加深了这种感觉。它让人们恐 惧鲨鱼，尤其是大白鲨。许多看过这部电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是会吃人的有 害动物。有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物，不再去海里游泳。还有人开 始捕捞鲨鱼，杀死尽可能多的鲨鱼。在那个时候，没有人关心鲨鱼是否被杀， 或者有多少鲨鱼遭到杀戮。人们只是想置它们于死地。 31975 年以后，美国附近的大型鲨鱼数量骤降，世界范围内的鲨鱼数量也 很快下降。这不仅仅是因为(人们)对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为(人们)捕鲨采翅。这是 一种将鲨鱼捕获之后，割下它们的鱼鳍的捕鱼方式。鲨鱼被扔回大海，然后它 们在痛苦中慢慢死去。鱼鳍是用来做鱼翅汤的。捕鲨采
30、翅每年会杀死数百万条 鲨鱼。 4 捕鲨采翅给彼得本奇利带来了未曾料想的影响，他是改编成电影大白 鲨的小说的作者。1980 年，本奇利在潜水时偶然看到了一个可怕的景象。那 片海域是捕鱼者割鱼鳍的地方，海底布满了死去的鲨鱼。看到鲨鱼被杀给本奇 利带来了深刻的改变。他开始把人类看作鲨鱼的威胁，而不是相反的情形。从 那天起，他就为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认他的书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。 “鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标，”他说。专家们已经证实，鲨鱼不把人视作食 物，它们只是误伤人类。每年仅有大约 6 人被鲨鱼杀死。 5 幸运的是，并非所有人在看完电影大白鲨以后开始惧怕鲨鱼有 人反而乐意去了解它们。今天，随着
31、我们对鲨鱼的认识愈发深入，有比以往更 多的人想要保护它们免遭灭绝。 .单词拼写 1If the t_ is set in a wrong direction, he has to make a timely adjustment. 2The car ran into a tree on the roadside, but f_ nobody was injured. 3Students should have a proper a_ towards college before thinking about which college to attend. 4However, the two
32、zookeepers didnt want to see the _ (灭绝) of this precious species. .选词填空(可变换形式) in fear， cut off， rather than， by mistake， come across， the other way round， due to， be scared of 1What matters in life is working hard _ hardly working. 2She wrote down some notes on a piece of paper, but her mother tore
33、 it up _. 3The barking dog in Lindas yard made the mailman back away _. 4The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything! So, dont _ making mistakes but remember to learn from mistakes! 5The captain of the ship was advised to turn back _ a sudden heavy storm. 6It would be a good idea to
34、 use a plastic bottle, with its top _， as a container to grow young plants in. 7I _ an old friend of mine when I was buying household goods in a corner shop. 8Benchley came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than _. .完成句子 1那时，她对违背父亲的意愿感到很害怕。 She _ going against her fathers wishes at that ti
35、me. (scared) 2法官们没有给出关于他们的想法的暗示，所以我非常担心地离开了房 间。 The judges gave no hint (暗示) of what they thought, so I left the room really _.(worry，形容词作状语) 3全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生了重大影响。 Global warming _ hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. (effect) 4我害怕知道考试成绩，因为我没有认真准备考试。 Im _ the test score as I
36、didnt make careful preparation for it. (scared) .课文语法填空 The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a dark sea 1._ (attack) by a great white shark and finally was eaten by it, which made people consider the great white shark as 2._ dangerous animal. Some people were afraid of swim
37、ming in the sea. To make things 3._ (bad), other people started fishing for sharks, 4._ (kill) as many as they could. As a result, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly. 5._ (fin) is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. The sharks are thrown back into th
38、e sea where they die slowly and 6._ (painful). Finning kills millions of sharks a year. In 1980, Benchley, the man 7._ wrote the book the film Jaws was based on, was diving when he came across an awful sight. The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning. He came to see people as a d
39、anger to sharks, rather than the other way round. From that day on, he fought 8._ (protect) sharks. 9._ (expert) have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us just by mistake. Only a few people are killed by sharks every year. Fortunately, some people began to protect sharks.
40、 Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them 10._ extinction. 温馨提示：请完成课时作业十六 Unit 6 Earth first Section Starting out was scared of being bitten 2(1)can you meet/achieve/reach your target (2)become the target of/for (3)Set yourself targets 3(1)Fortunately (2)Unfor
41、tunately (3)a 4(1)has a bad attitude to/towards (2)with a positive attitude towards life (3)change your attitude 5(1)to (2)as (3)reference (4)refers to 6(1)off (2)off (3)in (4)down (5)across 第二版块 1(1)where (2)where (3)a situation where 2(1)原因状语从句 (2)时间状语从句 (3)方式状语从句 (4)定语从句 (5)时间状语从句 (6)让步状语从句 (7) 比
42、较状语从句 夯实基础夯实基础一遍落实一遍落实 .单词拼写 1target 2.forturately 3.attitude 4extinction .选词填空(可变换形式) 1rather than 2.by mistake 3.in fear 4be scared of 5.due to 6.cut off 7came across 8.the other way round .完成句子 1was scared of 2.worried 3.is having a great effect on 4.scared to know/scared of knowing .课文语法填空 1was
43、attacked 2.a 3.worse 4.killing 5.Finning 6.painfully 7.who/that 8to protect 9.Experts 10.from Section Using language .核心单词 1_ v. 致力；献身；投身 2_ n. 报告；(观点的)陈述，说明 3_ n. 保护区 4_ v. 建立；设立 5_ v. 破坏；损坏 6_ n. 洪水；水灾 7_ v. 影响 8_ n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应 9_ v. 使恢复 10_ v. 采取(某种方法) 11_ v. 减少；降低 12_ v. 释放；排放 13_ adj. 严重的 14_
44、 n. 讲座；演讲 15_ n. 允许；许可 .阅读单词 1ocean n. _ 2highlight v. _ 3cruelty n. _ 4hunting n. _ 5staff n. _ 6drought n. _ 7restore v. _ 8sustainable adj. _ 9bulb n. _ 10renewable adj. _ 11carbon n. _ 12greenhouse n. _ 13reusable adj. _ 14brochure n. _ 15solar adj. _ 16smog n. _ 17fog n. _ 18infection n. _ 19sl
45、ide n. _ .重点短语 1_ 代替；而不是 2the比较级，the比较级 _ 3be devoted to _ 4get sb. involved in _ 5most importantly _ 6keep. from doing. _ 第一版块：重点词汇诠释第一版块：重点词汇诠释 1devote v致力；献身；投身 devote oneself tobe devoted to 献身于；致力于 devote ones life/time/energy/attention to 把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力 奉献于 be devoted to sb. 忠于；献身于；致力于 be de
46、voted to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事；忠诚于某事 devotion n. 热爱；奉献 Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely to science. 钱学森完全投身于科学事业。 As we all know, he is a generous, devoted, reliable and warmhearted friend. 我们都知道，他是一个慷慨、忠诚、可靠和热心的朋友。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up
47、 some schools for poor children. (2)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to _ (help) others. (3)Fans will show their _ (devote) by waiting for hours to get tickets for their favourite singers concert. (4)You will never achieve success unless you _ (致力于) your work. (5)He was determined to
