1、题 型 归 纳 分 类 指 导 题型三 完形填空 英英 语语 2021 内 容 索 引 题型解法指导 素养训练提高 题型解法指导题型解法指导 【命题特点】 1.首句完整,线索清楚 首句一般不设空,且首句往往有与本文的主要事件相关的时间、地点等背 景信息,它是文章的一个关键句,也是了解整篇文章的一个窗口。 2.叙述灵活,侧重语境 文章以叙述为主,绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件,较少加入作者的观点或 评论,突出对语境的依赖性。 3.实词为主,虚词为辅 设题依赖于上下文语境,选项一般集中在对动词、名词、形容词或副词等 实词的考查上,对介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。 4.体裁固定,题材多样 以记
2、叙文、说明文或夹叙夹议文为主,选材注重原汁原味,体现新课标“关 注学生情感,提高人文素质”的理念。 【命题趋势】 1.考查各种词汇的词义辨析。 2.注重对上下文联系的考查,突出考查学生综合运用英语的能力。 3.考查学生对英语语言知识的灵活运用。 4.考查学生的阅读理解能力、词汇运用能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断 能力。 【解题思路】 1.通读全文,掌握大意 通读全文是做完形填空题必不可少的工作。在快速阅读的过程中,不要急 于看选项,而是要一口气读到底,以求纵观全文,获得对文章内容的整体了 解,从而确定作者的写作意图并判断自己的基本思路。尤其要认真阅读全 文的第一句,因为第一句往往都是不留空白的完
3、整句子,通过认真分析首句, 可发现首句多向读者交代事件发生的时间、地点、背景、人物、起因等, 使读者在下面的阅读中有一个清晰的语境。 2.精读试填 依据文章的主干,运用所学的语法、词汇知识,根据上下文的联系,加之初 读的印象和正确的英语语感,运用前面的解题方法,将答案初步确定。精读 试填时要记住十二字方针“上下求索,左右逢源,瞻前顾后”。 3.选填答案 在选填答案时,先确定选填顺序。一般选择最容易填的作为突破口,不一定 按原序号选填。其次要确定解题重点。一般情况下先考虑语意。 若四个选项意思明显不同,选择语意与上下文吻合的选项即可。 若四个选项有语意明显不合文意的,可先排除,其余的语意接近,且
4、合文 意,则重点通过辨异来确定答案。 若四个选项只有一项能与空白处前后构成习语。则解题重点为“习语”, 只要答案符合文意不用考虑其他选项。其次考虑语法结构,若四个选项语 意均合文意,解题重点为结构,可选择结构正确项。最后考虑逻辑关系和常 识经验等因素。 4.查错补漏 所有的题目做完以后,有必要认真细致地检查一遍。检查的方法通常是把 答案放入文中阅读,看它们是否符合文意,语意、结构、逻辑等,以验证选 项,查错补漏。不会或把握性不大的题目可以先跳过去,但最好是先凭直觉 猜测一个答案并作好记号,以便在时间充裕的情况下回过头来再作推敲。 典例No matter who you are and wher
5、e you live,the most important thing is what kind of person you are.There are many good qualities that can benefit you a lot in your life.Among them,the following 1 qualities are the most helpful ones. Have a positive attitude. Keep learning. Be creative. Be honest and keep your promise. 1.A.three B.
6、four C.five D.six 点拨根据下文具体给出的例子可知此处是四种品质。故选B项。 技巧2 利用词汇复现关系解题 空格处正确的选项,会再次在短文中出现,可以结合上下文意及联系确定选 项。词汇复现包括词汇前复现、词汇后复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、 反义词复现等。复现的位置也各不相同,有的紧接着出现,有的相隔几句甚 至是几段复现。 典例But for many years,salts most important job was to 1 food.Like other living things,most bacteria (细菌) need water to live.Salt t
7、akes in plenty of water,so most bacteria cannot live in a salty environment.As a result,salt protects food and many other things. 1.A.protect B.provide C.produce D.prepare 点拨句意:但是数年来,盐的最重要的作用是保护食物。protect保 护;provide提供;produce生产;prepare准备。从下文“As a result,salt protects food and many other things.”可知,盐
8、可以保护食物和很多别的东西。故选 A项。 技巧3 利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达解题 英语中的有些词汇、短语的搭配是比较固定、约定俗成的,一些句型的用 法也是固定的。因此,只要能熟记这些用法,就会轻松解答试题。 典例Space travel is nothing new.The first spaceship with a human was sent up 1 space in 1961.Since then,people have not only travelled to space, 2 many of them have also lived there in space stat
9、ions for some time. 1.A.into B.with C.of D.on 点拨由send up sth.into“发射进入”可知,应选A项。 2.A.for B.but C.unless D.and 点拨not only.but (also).为固定搭配,意为“不仅;而且”。故选B项。 技巧4 利用生活常识(经验)解题 生活常识,如天气状况、交通规则、人物的喜怒哀乐、时间、地点等也常 作为命题的角度,熟知这些内容就会让我们轻松解答这类试题。 典例1Hearing this,the dog woke up,rose with its ears 1 and wagged (摇 摆
10、) its tail. 1.A.down B.up C.off D.through 点拨句意:听到这个,狗醒了,竖起耳朵,摇着尾巴。根据常识可知,狗醒了耳 朵是竖起的,故选B项。 典例2Films and TV plays also play a part.People 1 their “heroes” on TV drinking alcohol (酒) or smoking cigarettes. 1.A.hear B.catch C.watch D.look 点拨根据常识,人们在电视上观看,故选C项。 技巧5 利用逻辑推理关系来解题 完形填空的短文行文流畅,逻辑关系密切、紧凑。对上下句或
11、上下文之间 的并列、转折、递进、让步等关系的考查,也成为命题的一大角度。 典例This girl,who was my age,was deaf and dumb, 1 she had played the violin for eight years! 1.A.but B.though C.so D.and 点拨but但是;though尽管;so因此;and并且。由上句“This girl,who was my age,was deaf and dumb这个女孩和我同样的年龄,是聋哑人”以及下文“she had played the violin for eight years她拉小提琴已经
12、八年了”可知,前后句意 构成“转折”关系,所以用but。 素养训练提高素养训练提高 【1】 (2020 安徽) When I was 12 years old,my mother sent me to a Chinese school in California.I 1 spending my Saturdays in a three-hour Chinese class.I thought it was difficult and boring. However,my mum thought that I should develop and improve (提高) my Chinese
13、2 skills.I seemed to know it would do me good in future,but at that time I couldnt realize the 3 of learning a second language. Many years later,I had a 4 to work in Asia.I chose China mainly because I learned Chinese when I was 5 .However,I still wondered if I could 6 street signs,buy food and talk
14、 to people there. Shortly after arrived in China,my Chinese language 7 came back soon and improved 8 .A long time ago,I wanted to give up 9 Chinese.Luckily,my mum encouraged me and stopped that from happening.Im 10 that the Chinese language has helped me a lot in different ways.My life is getting mo
15、re and more colourful. 1.A.hated B.advised C.enjoyed D.forgot 2.A.business B.music C.language D.cooking 3.A.mistakes B.excuses C.fears D.advantages 4.A.habit B.chance C.skill D.suggestion 5.A.busy B.young C.successful D.experienced 6.A.read B.touch C.afford D.move 7.A.tool B.ability C.point D.diffic
16、ulty 8.A.safely B.politely C.quickly D.privately 9.A.changing B.sharing C.learning D.protecting 10.A.sorry B.worried C.angry D.glad 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从小在就在妈妈的安排下学习汉 语,但由于汉语既难又枯燥无味,我想过放弃。没想到,长大后我到中国工作 了。由此深深感到妈妈当时要求“我”学习汉语是多么正确,“我”受益匪浅。 1.A 考查动词。从下句“I thought it was difficult and boring.”知,“我”觉得 汉语既难
17、又枯燥无味。由此推知,“我”讨厌周六去学汉语。故选A项。 2.C 考查名词。从上文“Chinese class”推知句意:妈妈认为我应拓展和提 高我的汉语语言技能。故选C项。 3.D 考查名词。从前一分句“I seemed to know it would do me good in future”知,“我”似乎知道汉语对“我”的未来有好处。从but知,当时“我”没有 意识到学习第二语言的好处。故选D项。 4.B 考查名词。很多年后,“我”有了一个在亚洲工作的机会。故选B项。 5.B 考查形容词。从上文“I was 12 years old.a Chinese school in Califo
18、rnia”可知,“我”12岁时就开始学习汉语。由此推知句意:我选择在中 国工作,主要是因为我年轻时就开始学习汉语。故选B项。 6.A 考查动词。从上文知,尽管“我”学习过汉语,但是由于没有好好学,因 此到中国来时,“我”仍然怀疑“我”是否能读懂街道标识。故选A项。 7.B 考查名词。接触了中国这个说汉语的语言环境,“我”的汉语语言能力 肯定很快恢复了。故选B项。 8.C 考查副词。语言能力恢复了,那么肯定说话的能力也很快提高了。 故选C项。 9.C 考查动词。从上文“讨厌花时间学习汉语,汉语难而且枯燥无味”和下 文“幸亏当时妈妈鼓励我不要停止学习汉语”的描述可知,之前,“我”有放弃 学习汉语的
19、想法。 10.D 考查形容词。从下文“the Chinese language has helped me a lot in different ways”知,汉语以不同的方式帮助了我很多。由此推知,我很高兴 我懂得汉语。故选D项。 【2】 I was waiting for the bus when I met the woman.“You look 1 .Come and sit here,”she said.“Where are you going?” “I dont know.I just want to catch a bus and see what it will be like
20、 at the end.” “Im afraid youll see 2 there.Why dont you enjoy the sights on the way?” “How can I do that while my hearts 3 ?” I asked sadly.My best friend had left me. The woman seemed to understand my feeling.“Dont cry,little girl.Ive had a similar experience to you.Thirty-five years ago,my husband
21、 left our three children and me.I was deadly sad.I decided to kill myself and the children,so I took them to the sea.However,they seemed to know what would happen,so they 4 loudly.Their cry suddenly woke me 5 .How could I 6 my hope to live for one of lifes problems?After that,I worked hard to raise
22、the children.Now they all live 7 and one of them has his own family.” Then the woman gave me a 8 ,“We should never wait for the door to 9 before us.We should find the key to the 10 or try to find another way”. The bus came and I got on it with a smile. 1.A.tired B.excited C.happy D.well 2.A.nothing
23、B.everything C.something D.anything 3.A.smiling B.breaking C.singing D.dancing 4.A.laughed B.talked C.spoke D.cried 5.A.in B.out C.up D.down 6.A.give away B.give up C.get up D.stand up 7.A.happily B.sadly C.badly D.hopeless 8.A.cry B.shout C.hit D.smile 9.A.open B.close C.lock D.mend 10.A.classroom
24、B.office C.door D.shop 【主旨大意】这篇短文通过作者和一名妇女的交谈,告诉我们,无论我们遇 到怎样的困难和挫折,我们都应勇敢地面对。 1.A 句意:她说:“你看起来很累,来坐到这。”根据下文的描述可知作者由 于失去了朋友不可能高兴,故B、C、D三项不对,选A项。 2.A 句意:我恐怕你在那什么都不会看到。这里表示否定什么都看不到。 根据句意,选A项。 3.B 句意:我悲伤地问:“当我的心碎了我怎么能做到?”这里是“心碎”的意 思。根据下文失去朋友可知作者很伤心,故选B项。 4.D 根据下文“Their cry suddenly woke me”,可知是他们哭了,故选D项。
25、 5.C 句意:他们的哭声突然叫醒了我。短语wake up表示“叫醒,吵醒”的意 思。故选C项。 6.B 句意:我怎么能因为生活的问题而放弃我生活的希望。放弃了轻生 的想法,give up“放弃”。故选B项。 7.A happily“高兴地”;sadly“悲伤地”;badly“坏地”;hopeless“无希望的”。句 意:现在他们都生活得很快乐,他们中的一个有了自己的家庭。这里是副词 修饰动词。根据句意,选A项。 8.D cry“哭泣”;shout“大喊”;hit“打击”;smile“微笑”。句意:然后那个妇女 给了我一个微笑。根据句意,选D项。 9.A open“打开”;close“关闭”;
26、lock“锁”;mend“修理”。句意:我们绝不能等 待我们面前那扇门打开。故选A项。 10.C classroom“教室”;office“办公室”;door“门”;shop“商店”。句意:我们 应该找到门的钥匙,或者设法找到另一条路。这里指门的钥匙。根据句意, 选C项。 【3】 (2019 安徽) Dear Michael, I am glad to learn that you have been chosen to study in China.Your dream has come true! I can well remember that you 1 China for the f
27、irst time when you were nine.Ever since you returned,you have been interested in Chinese culture and have put a lot of 2 into learning Chinese.When you first started to learn Chinese,I 3 it was nothing but a passing fad (一时的狂 热).However,you didnt 4 halfway,but kept on learning and did a good job in
28、the HSK (汉语水平考试).Now you finally got what you had 5 for a long time.You got the chance to 6 life in China for one year.You should have it,my son,for chances only come to those who are 7 . When you study there,you will have to face 8 in everyday life that you have never experienced before,but after a
29、 year abroad,you will return with a new 9 at lifeand at yourself. Your mum and I are both 10 you.Keep it up,my son! Love, Dad 1.A.built B.visited C.missed D.changed 2.A.difficulty B.success C.effort D.space 3.A.thought B.agreed C.forgot D.added 4.A.cheer up B.grow up C.turn up D.give up 5.A.written
30、B.wanted C.toured D.paid 6.A.introduce B.experience C.respect D.imagine 7.A.prepared B.honest C.friendly D.helpful 8.A.examples B.meetings C.challenges D.dreams 9.A.look B.touch C.guess D.speed 10.A.different from B.similar to C.polite to D.proud of 【主旨大意】这是一封爸爸写给自己儿子Michael的信,Michael被选中去 中国学习,这是他一直
31、以来的梦想,Michael从九岁第一次去中国,就有了这 个梦想。他通过自己不断的努力,终于实现了这个梦想。Michael的爸爸、 妈妈都为他感到高兴、感到骄傲。 1.B 句意:我还清楚地记得在你九岁的时候,你第一次来中国参观。 Michael九岁时第一次来到中国,回去后就对中国文化产生了兴趣。由此可 知,他是去中国参观,故应选B项。 2.C 句意:自从你回去,你就对中国的文化产生了兴趣,并且付出了很多努 力学习汉语。Michael在汉语水平考试中取得了很好的成绩,因此他付出了 很多努力学习汉语。故应选C项。 3.A 句意:当你一开始学习汉语时,我原以为那只是一时的狂热。根据句 意和下文“How
32、ever,you didnt 4 halfway,but kept on learning and did a good job in the HSK (汉语水平考试).”可知,认为Michael只是一时狂热是 他爸爸一开始的想法,实际并不是这样。故选A项。 4.D 根据空后“but kept on learning and did a good job in the HSK”可 知,Michael坚持学习汉语,取得了很好的成绩,因此这里表示“他没有放弃”, 故应选D项。 5.B 句意:现在你终于得到了你长时间以来想要的东西。根据上文“Your dream has come true!”可知,
33、Michael实现了自己的梦想,即“得到了自己想要 的东西”,故应选B项。 6.B 根据短文开头“I am glad to learn that you have been chosen to study in China.”可知,Michael要去中国学习;再根据下一段中的“When you study there,you will have to face 8 in everyday life that you have never experienced before”可知,这里表示“体验生活”,故应选B项。 7.A 根据句意和常识可知,机会只降临在有准备的人身上。短文第二段 中就描写了
34、Michael为了实现有一天去中国学习而做的准备。故应选A项。 8.C 根据文意和下文but.表示转折可知,Michael出国学习,会遇到很多的 困难和挑战。故应选C项。 9.A 根据文意可知,有了出国学习的磨炼,Michael会以新的面貌、新的自 我回归。故应选A项。 10.D 句意:你的妈妈和我都为你感到骄傲。根据文意可知,Michael通过 自己的努力,实现了自己的梦想,作为Michael的爸爸、妈妈,应为他感到骄 傲。故应选D项。 【4】 A son took his old father to a restaurant for dinner.The father looked ver
35、y old and 1 .While he was eating,the father 2 food on his shirt and trousers.Other diners watched him in disgust(厌恶) while his son was 3 . After the father finished eating,his son was not angry at all.He 4 cleaned the table and helped his father wipe the mouth.Then he took his father to the washroom
36、.When they 5 ,the whole restaurant was watching them in silence.The son 6 for the food and started walking out with his father. At that time,an old man 7 the diners called out to the son and asked him,“Dont you think you have 8 something behind?” The son replied,“No,sir,I havent.” The old man retort
37、ed,“Yes,you have!You left a lesson for every son and 9 for every father.”The restaurant went silent. To care for those who once cared for us is one of the highest honors(荣 誉).We all know 10 our parents cared for us.Love them,respect them,and care for them. 1.A.healthy B.hungry C.thirsty D.weak 2.A.d
38、ropped B.saw C.stuck D.picked 3.A.tired B.full C.calm D.strong 4.A.suddenly B.quietly C.clearly D.exactly 5.A.came out B.woke up C.got off D.took off 6.A.prepared B.ordered C.paid D.spent 7.A.like B.among C.with D.as 8.A.left B.took C.lent D.hid 9.A.sign B.hope C.chance D.success 10.A.when B.what C.
39、where D.how 【主旨大意】本文叙述了一个儿子带着他又老又弱的父亲去饭店里吃饭, 儿子对父亲的悉心照顾赢得了人们的赞扬。这个故事告诉我们:要尊敬老 人。 1.D 由下文儿子擦干净桌子,给父亲擦嘴的举动判断,这位父亲看起来又 老又弱。故选D项。 2.A 由下句可知,其他用餐者厌恶地看着老人。故判断,他把饭菜弄落在 衬衫和裤子上。故选A项。 3.C 由上句可知,父亲把饭菜洒在身上;又由下文的“his son was not angry at all”可知,儿子并不生气。故判断,别的顾客厌恶地看着老人,而他的儿子 是沉着平静的。故选C项。 4.B 句意:他静静地擦干净桌子,帮助父亲擦嘴。su
40、ddenly“突 然”;quietly“静静地”;clearly“清楚地”;exactly“确切地,恰恰”。故只有B项符 合语境。 5.A 由上句可知,儿子和父亲去了洗手间,故判断,当他们出来时,整个饭店 (里的人)都安静地看着他们。come out“出来”;wake up“醒来,唤醒”;get off“下车”;take off“起飞,脱掉”。故选A项。 6.C 句意:儿子为饭菜付款,开始和他的父亲走出去。pay for“为付 款”。故选C项。 7.B 根据文章内容可知,本文故事发生在饭店。故判断,食客中间的一位 老人喊住那个儿子。among“在中间”。故选B项。 8.A 由下句的“You l
41、eft a lesson.”可知,老人问那个儿子“你难道不认为你 留下什么东西了吗?”。故选A项。 9.B 句意:你给每一位儿子留下了一课,给每位父亲留下了希望。sign“标 志”;hope“希望”;chance“机会”;success“成功”。根据语境可知只有B项符合 语意。 10.D 句意:我们都知道我们的父母是如何照顾我们的。故选D项。 【5】 A group of boys gathered around a tree.“What a tall tree!” they said to each other.“It would be exciting to 1 to the top!”
42、The group of 2 then decided to play a game to see who could climb to the top of the tree first.Their mothers were sitting not far away,looking on at their 3 as they competed.One of the climbers was an 8-year-old boy named David.He was the shortest child in the group. 4 thought he would win the compe
43、tition. Then the game started.All of the boys tried their best to 5 as high as they could. 6 they all made it halfway up the tree before David did,he reached the top of the tree fastest at last.His mother saw this 7 .She asked him,“David,how did you 8 to reach the top of the tree so quickly?” “It wa
44、s easy,” David said.The other children kept looking down as they climbed.When they realized how high they were they got scared and were afraid of 9 .I,however,looked only up.When I saw how 10 I was,I kept going higher and higher until I reached the top. It is true in life that if we just keep going
45、forward without looking back,we are more likely to reach our goals. 1.A.cut B.plant C.water D.climb 2.A.girls B.men C.boys D.women 3.A.sons B.sisters C.daughters D.brothers 4.A.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.Everybody 5.A.climb B.stand C.jump D.run 6.A.Because B.Unless C.Although D.Until 7.A.politely
46、 B.patiently C.proudly D.quietly 8.A.manage B.hope C.imagine D.agree 9.A.falling behind B.falling into C.falling down D.falling over 10.A.close B.far C.long D.short 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一群男孩子比赛爬树,最终 个子最矮的David第一个爬到了树顶,在问到他是如何成功时,他说因为其 他人总是向下看,因而害怕自己会摔下来,只有他一直只抬头看,这样就知 道离目标还有多远。 1.D 考查动词词义辨析。句意: 树顶将会特
47、别兴奋。cut 切,砍, 剁;plant种植;water浇水;climb爬。结合语境可知他们会认为爬到树顶非常 让人兴奋,D项更符合语境,故选D项。 2.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这群 决定玩一个游戏来看看谁可 以最先爬到树顶。girls 女孩;men男人;boys男孩;women女人。根据文章开 头第一句话“A group of boys gathered around a tree.”可知空中信息为“男 孩”,故选C项。 3.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们的妈妈坐在不远处,他们比赛的时候 看着她们的 。sons 儿子;sisters姐妹;daughters女儿;brothers兄弟。根
48、 据文章第一句“A group of boys gathered around a tree.”可知,他们在比赛的 时候妈妈们在旁边看着她们的“儿子”,故选A项。 4.A 考查代词词义辨析。句意: 认为他可以赢这场比赛。nobody 没有人;somebody有人;anybody有人(常用于否定句或疑问句中),任何人(用 于肯定句);everybody每个人,大家。根据前一句“He was the shortest child in the group.”可知他是最矮的男孩,所以应该是没有人认为他会赢,故选A 项。 5.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:所有的男孩都尽最大的努力爬得尽可能 的高。climb 爬;stand站立;jump跳;run跑。根据句意和语境可知此处是“爬 到”,故选A项。 6.C 考查连词辨析。句意: 他们在David之前就到达了半途,但是最 后David是最快到达树顶的。because 因为;unless除非,如果 不;although尽管;until直到。分析句子结构和句意可知此处是“尽管”。故 选C项。 7.C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:他妈妈看到这件事很 。politely 有 礼
