1、虚 拟 语 气 The Subjunctive Mood 动词语气动词语气 英语动词有三种语气：英语动词有三种语气： 陈述语气陈述语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 一、陈述语气一、陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有 肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 There are two sides to every question. They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening. What can I do for you ? 二、二、 祈使语气祈使语气 用来表示说话人的请求
2、，命令或劝告等。用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。 动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加do not. Let me have a try. Dont be late again. Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English. Lets go and play basketball. 三、三、 虚拟语气虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而 是一种与事实相反的是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，假设，愿望， 猜测猜测或或建议建议等等。等等。 三、三、 虚拟语气虚拟语气 （一）在条件句中的（一）在条件
3、句中的 用法用法 1 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 从句谓语从句谓语 主句谓语主句谓语 动词过去动词过去 式式 Should/w ould/ could /might +动词原形动词原形 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 If I had time now, we should read it again. If she knew about it, she would come. If he were here, everything would be all right. 1.If I _you , I wouldnt return the call. A. be B. am C. was D
4、. were D 虚拟语气 （一）在条件句中（一）在条件句中 的用法的用法 2 与过去事实相反 从句谓语从句谓语 主句谓语主句谓语 had + 过去分词过去分词 should/wo uld/could/ might +have +过过 去分词去分词 与过去事实相反 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If I had had the money last year, I would have bought a car. If they had known her address, they would
5、have written to her. 2. If I _more time, I would have gone with you. A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have 3. If I had known that, I _ so . A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. Wont do D. have not done B B 虚拟语气虚拟语气 （一）在条件句中（一）在条件句中 的用法的用法 3 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 从句谓语从句谓语 主句谓语主句谓语 动词过去式动词过去式 Shoul d/
6、woul d/coul d/mig ht + V 原形原形 Should +V 原形原形 were to +V原形原形 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there. If she should come, I should ask her for help. If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus. 4. If it_ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B.
7、were to rain C. would rain D. rain 5. If it should rain, I _go there tomorrow. A. will B. would not C. wont D. would not have B B 补充1. Without (没有),but for(要不 是), otherwise(否则), 这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条 件句. I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. = I was busy last week, if I had not
8、 been busy last week, I would have come to see you 6. Without electricity, human life_ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be If there were no electricity, 7. But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must die D. must have died
9、If there hadnt been the Party, D A 8. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _your birthday party. A. Attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have attended If I hadnt been busy, D 补充2.错综时间条件句 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件 从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是 同时发生,这时动词的形式并不完 全按照上述表格形式进行,而需要 按照各自的时间来调整,这样的句 子就叫错综时间条件句. 错综时间条件句 If
10、 you had followed the doctors advice (then), you would be all right now. 如果你那时听了医生的话如果你那时听了医生的话,你你现在现在就好了就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间不同主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句应按照主句与从句 各自的时间做调整各自的时间做调整.) If you had followed the doctors advice, you would have been all right then. 如果你那时听了医生的话如果你那时听了医生的话,你你那时那时就好了就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间同时主句
11、与从句发生的时间同时.) 错综时间条件句 If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better. 如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好. (指现在长得更好.) If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better. 如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好 (表示对过去的虚拟) 错综时间条件句 If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldnt ha
12、ve so many difficulties now. 如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就 不会这么困难. 9. If you were older (对现在进行虚对现在进行虚 拟拟), I _ you to go there yesterday(对过去进行虚拟对过去进行虚拟). A.will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed C 补充3:倒装形式虚拟条件句 从句中if有were ,had ,should等词语, 可以将if省略,同时 were ,had ,should提至句首,构成倒 装,表示虚拟条件.
13、 (1) If I should meet her, I would tell her. =should I meet her, I would tell her. 倒装形式虚拟条件句 (2) If I were in your position, I would do it better. =were I in your position, I would do it better. (3)If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. = Had they made preparations, they would hav
14、e succeeded. 10._, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you C （二）动词（二）动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 在动词在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可后面的宾语从句中，表示不可 能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种 1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词 用过去式。用过去式。 I wish I had time to read. I wish I k
15、new her address. 动词动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已 经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用“had +动词过去分词”。动词过去分词”。 I wish I had studied very hard. He wishes he hadnt spent so much money. 动词动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 3.表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿 望，谓语动词用望，谓语动词用 “would/could/might+动词原形动词原形
16、”。”。 I wish he would be more careful. I wish he would do the job better. She wishes I would go with her. 11. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 12. How I wish I _to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have t
17、ried D. didnt try 13. I wish I _what to do . A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know C B A 14. He wishes _mistakes. A. He doesnt always make B. he didnt always make C. he wouldnt always make D. He wouldnt always making 15. I wish _. A. he were B. he leaves me alone C. He be left D. he would leav
18、e me alone C D (三三)虚拟语气在其他从句中用法虚拟语气在其他从句中用法 1. 在“在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词某些形容词或过去分词 +that”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式 常用“常用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”。”。 常用的形容词有：常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange 常用的过去分词通常是表示常用的过去分词通常是表示建议，建议， 要求，命令要求，命令等等 suggested, required, requested, demanded, or
19、dered, desired, advised, 主语从句主语从句 It is natural that he should say so. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once. 主语从句主语从句 16.It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry C 2.表建议、要求、命令的名词性从句表建议、要求、命令的名词性从句 一坚持一坚持 in
20、sist , 二命令二命令 order, command, 三建议三建议 advise, suggest, propose, 四要求四要求 demand, require, request, desire, 通常用通常用 “should+动词原形”，动词原形”，should可可 以省略以省略 名词性从句名词性从句 He suggested that we should visit the palace right away. She proposed that the meeting be put off. He ordered that they should start off immed
21、iately. I demanded that he should answer me at once. 3.表语从句、同位语从句表语从句、同位语从句 在表示在表示建议，要求，命令建议，要求，命令等名词之后的等名词之后的表表 语从句，同位语从句语从句，同位语从句中，通常用中，通常用 “should+动词原形”。动词原形”。这些名词有：这些名词有： idea, proposal, order, suggestion, decision, advice His proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off. Our suggestion is t
22、hat you (should) be the first to go. 4.as if, as though as if ,as though引导的从句可以用来表引导的从句可以用来表 示猜测，假定，谓语动词在从句中用示猜测，假定，谓语动词在从句中用过去过去 式式表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反，用用“had+过去过去 分词分词”表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反。 He is running about as if he were a mad man. They talked as though they had been friends for years. 17.The two s
23、trangers talked as if they_ friends for years. A.were B. would be C. have been D. had been D 请注意请注意: 如果引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符 合,应该用陈述语气: It looks as if our team is going to win (场上情况表明有可能) It seems as if it is going to rain 各种迹象表明天要下雨各种迹象表明天要下雨. 18.It seems as if it _rain. A. will B. is going to C. is to
24、D. were going to 19.you talk as if you _there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be B C 5.Its (about, high) time + that从句从句 在“在“Its (about, high) time + thatIts (about, high) time + that”结构中，”结构中， 从句中谓语动词用从句中谓语动词用过去式过去式表示一种建议，意思是表示一种建议，意思是 “该做某事了”，也可以使用“该做某事了”，也可以使
25、用should+should+动词原动词原 形形, ,s shouldhould不可以省略不可以省略 You look so tired tonight. Its time you went to bed. Its high time you got up. It is time we started off. Its time that we should have supper 20.It is high time that we _ off . A. are B. were C. be D. will be B 6.if only句型句型 if only句型“要是句型“要是该多好啊！”谓
26、语动词该多好啊！”谓语动词 用法同用法同wish,谓语动词用谓语动词用过去式，过去完过去式，过去完 成式成式,或或would/could/might+动词原形动词原形 表示虚拟语气。表示虚拟语气。 If only I could see him now. If only I hadnt lost it. 21.If only I _ how to operate a computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew D 7.would ratherhad rather would ratherhad ra
27、ther后跟从句，后跟从句， 谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用过去式过去式表示与现在或者将表示与现在或者将 来的虚拟，用来的虚拟，用过去完成式过去完成式表示对过去的虚表示对过去的虚 拟。拟。 I would rather you came tomorrow Id rather you hadnt accepted their invitation yesterday. I would rather you had not done it. 22. Id rather you _ right away. A.leave B. left C. will leave D to leave B 8.Les
28、t ,in case ,for fear that Lest ,in case ,for fear that 唯唯 恐，以免恐，以免 从句谓语动词使用从句谓语动词使用should +动词原动词原 形形 Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 9.9.应不应该做应不应该做 本来应该做本来应该做而没有做而没有做的事情的事情 Should(ought to ) have done You should have come here earlier. 本来不应该做本来不应该做而做了而做了的事情的事情 Shouldnt have done/Ought not
29、 to have done I ought not to have eaten so much chicken. SUMMARY 陈述语气陈述语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 （一）在条件句中的用法（一）在条件句中的用法 1 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 2 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 3 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 SUMMARY （二）动词（二）动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词 用过去式。用过去式。 2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词 用用“had +动词过去分
30、词”。动词过去分词”。 3.表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿 望，谓语动词用望，谓语动词用 “would/could/might+动词原形动词原形”。 SUMMARY (三三)虚拟语气在其他从句中用法虚拟语气在其他从句中用法 1.在“在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型中，主语从的句型中，主语从 句中的动词形式常用“句中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”。 2.名词性从句名词性从句(表建议、要求、命令表建议、要求、命令) 3.表语从句、同位语从句表语从句、同位语从句 4.as if, as thou
31、gh 5.Its (about, high) time + that从句从句 6.if only句型句型 7.would ratherhad rather 8.Lest ,in case ,for fear that 9.应不应该做应不应该做 曾经有一份真挚的感情摆在我的面前我没有曾经有一份真挚的感情摆在我的面前我没有 珍惜，等我失去的时候才追悔莫及，人间最珍惜，等我失去的时候才追悔莫及，人间最 痛苦的事莫过于此，你的剑在我的咽喉上刺痛苦的事莫过于此，你的剑在我的咽喉上刺 下去吧，不用在犹豫了！下去吧，不用在犹豫了！ 如果上天能给我一次再来一次的机会，我会如果上天能给我一次再来一次的机会，我会
32、 对哪个女孩说三个字：我爱你，如果非要在对哪个女孩说三个字：我爱你，如果非要在 这份爱上加一个期限，我希望是一万年！这份爱上加一个期限，我希望是一万年！ 终极测试：终极测试： If the God _ (give)me another chance，I_ (tell)the girl three words: I LOVE YOU! If our love _ (have to)be set a time limit, I wish it _ (be)10,000 years! should give/were to give/gave would tell had to would be 谢谢！谢谢！
