1、 中考英语 （河北专用） 专题十五 任务型阅读 A组 河北中考题组 Passage 1(2020河北) Remember books? The paper kind. With pages. In the old days before computers, to get information, people read books and newspapers. Students spent hours and hours in the library,looking for information in the old books for homework. Now students ca
2、n find anything on the internet in seconds. The library was a place where everyone was quiet. Sing along to music? Never! Watch a movie on the phone while they are reading? Impossi- ble! But now students can watch videos about their research topic as they write a paper. Before computers, articles we
3、re handwritten. If a student made a mistake, he would throw the paper away and start writing all over again. Now? If a student makes a mistake, he can just remove or cut it. Students type on their computers and edit(编辑) freely. But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it ma
4、y stop working suddenly. Who wants to lose his hard work forever? Communication online is easy and fun. While students are writing, they can discuss with friends in another window. Did you think they were chatting(聊天) with someone in the real same room? No! Theyre chatting with everyone in their own
5、 room. Technology helps us get important information in no time. In areas where bad weather is a problem, we can get warnings from our phone. Our local radio or TV station can give information about where to get help or what to do to keep our family and home safe. Technology is our friend! 1题完成句子;2、
6、3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第四段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.In the old days before computers, people to get information. 2.How can a student correct his mistake while writing on the computer? 3.Why should students save their writing in time on the computer? 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。题材为科普类。重点介绍了科技的发展给我们的学习和生活方式带来的
7、显著变化。 1.read books and newspapers 由原文第一段的第四句话“In the old days before.newspapers.”可知,在有 电脑以前,人们是通过读书和读报来获取信息的,由此可知本题答案。 2.He can just remove or cut it./Just remove or cut it./Remove or cut it. 由原文第二段中的“If a student makes a mistake, he can just remove or cut it.”可知本题答案。 3.Because it(the computer) may
8、stop working suddenly./It(The computer)may stop working suddenly. 由原文 第二段中的“But they should save their.suddenly.”可知,电脑可能会突然停止工作,所以学生们应该及时 保存他们写的东西,由此可知本题答案。 4.Technology helps us get important information in no time. 本段为总分结构,主题句为本段的第一句话。 5.学生们在写东西时,(他们)可以在另一个窗口与朋友们讨论。 本句话中While引导时间状语从句,dis- cuss wit
9、h sb.为固定短语,意为“与某人讨论”,注意本句中的window意为“窗口”,不能翻译成“窗 户”。 Passage 2(2019河北) Critical thinking(批判性思维)is trying to improve the way you think. People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(评估主张). Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a probl
10、em comes our way, we need to think criti- cally to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Adver- tisements are made to make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products. But is what the advertisement says true?Is i
11、t making a claim?Or does it only interest us?Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see. Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful pe
12、rson. There are many ways of doing practice. Here are a few: Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate it. When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and
13、why? Evaluate your own thinking. Where and why do you think uncritically?How can you improve? Critical thinking should be part of everything we do. It may help you to succeed at work or school. Make your- self into a habit of critical thinking. Change your thoughts and change your world. 1、2题完成句子;3题
14、简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.People use critical thinking to and evaluate claims. 2.Critical thinking can stop us from . 3.What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking? 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为议论文。本文论述了生活中我们离不开批判性思维,批判性思维会使人们更加理智、 更有思想,避免做出不当的选择。本文也讲了如何培养批判性思维。 1.sol
15、ve problems 根据第一段第二句话内容“People use.evaluate claims.”可知本题答案。 2.making poor choices 由原文第二段倒数第二句内容“Critical thinking.poor choices.”可知本题答案。 3.A wiser and more thoughtful person./Ill become a wiser and more thoughtful person. 根据文章第三段第 二句话内容“While you are.thoughtful person.”可知本题答案。 4.Like every other skil
16、l, critical thinking takes practice. 由第二段内容可知本段是总分结构,故第二段的第 一句就是本段的主题句。 5.它/批判性思维可以/能帮助你在工作中或学业上(取得/获得)成功。 It 可以译成“它”或者“批判性 思维”,at work or school译成“在工作中或学业上”。 长难句长难句 When a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. 当问题来临的时候,我们 需要用批判性思维决定如何去解决它。 本句中When引导时间状语从句,主句为
17、we need to think critically to decide how to solve it。 重点词汇重点词汇 solve v.解决 decide v.决定 词汇积累词汇积累 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Passage 3(2018河北) Artificial intelligence (AI)(人工智能) is growing rapidly. We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help
18、 machines get, understand and use information to do tasks. AIs recent developments have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this at- tention has also produc
19、ed a lot of fear. Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs. According to a recent study, nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI. In some industries, AI is already doing the work that people used to do, such as assembling (装配) cars, digging the c
20、oal and lifting goods. Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the drivers jobs in the future. On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write pro- grammes for AI systems (系统) and they will set up and work on them, too. M
21、eanwhile, jobs that require feel- ings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced (取代) by AI. These include jobs in fields like teaching, nursing and personal training. AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important to watch, not to fe
22、ar. 1、2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.AI is that help machines to do tasks. 2. controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs. 3.What will AI create for people? 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为说明文。近年来,人工智能发展得非常迅猛,可以说我们正生活在一个越来越依靠人工 智能的时代。人工智能给我们带来了便捷和高效,但同时也引发了人们的一些恐慌。那么我们究竟应该 怎样看待人工智能
23、呢?本文就这一问题进行了深入的阐述。 1.a group of technologies 由第一段第三句话“AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, under- stand and use information to do tasks.”可知本空填a group of technologies。 2.Self-driving cars and trucks 由第三段的最后一句话“Self-driving cars and trucks.in the future.”可知本 空填Self-driving cars and tr
24、ucks。 3.Many new jobs./AI/It will create many new jobs for people. 由第四段的第一句话“On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people.”可知本题答案。 4.AIs recent developments have got a lot of social attention. 第二段为总分关系,下文从两个方面讲述了人 工智能带来的好的影响和引发的恐慌,故本段第一句为本段的主题句。 5.它/人工智能在很多方面改变着人们的生活和工作方式。 翻译时注意ho
25、w在本句话中提问“方式”,故 把how people live and work翻译成“人们的生活和工作方式”要比“人们怎样生活和工作”更合适。短 语“in many ways”意为“在许多方面”。 长难句长难句 AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.人工智能是 一组帮助机器获得、理解并且使用信息完成任务的技术。 本句为复合句。句子主干为AI is a group of technologies。that引导定语从句,其先行词为techno
26、logies。 重点词汇重点词汇 rapidly adv.快速地;influence n.影响;especially adv.特别,尤其 词汇积累词汇积累 technology n.技术;attention n.注意 Passage 4(2017河北) At many Thanksgiving dinners, everyone around the table shares something they are thankful for. As we know, most can do this easily. Its more important to know how to be tha
27、nkful people all the time. Be positive(乐观的). No matter what happens, its best to remember the good things. Find the bright side in bad situations, and push back against negative(负面的) opinions. Also, do your best not to compare yourself to others. But when youre around others, give expression to what
28、 you like about them. By keeping good in mind, youll give thanks for it even more than before. Accept the negative. At the same time, we cant pay no attention to bad things that have happened. We should learn from mistakes. It makes us become strong. Before we know it, were thankful for negative thi
29、ngs, too. Our mistakes can also make us humble(谦逊的), which is not all bad. Humble people have better relationships and see lifes blessings(祝福) much more clearly! Acts of kindness. Thankful people know that its much better to give than to receive. When youre thankful, you feel its your duty to show l
30、ove to others. Some people volunteer to help people in need. Studies show that volunteers might feel happier and healthier. Use of time. By spending time with others, you show them how much they mean to you. But being thankful is also better realized by spending time alone. When youre alone, you can
31、 think about the best parts of your day. You can list them out and think them over. You can find your way to make thanksgiving a part of your life. How wonderful it is! Just enjoy it every day! 1、2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下全文的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.You need to find in bad situations. 2.Learning from mista
32、kes can make us and humble. 3.How do volunteers probably feel according to studies? 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为说明文,介绍了在日常生活中怎样做一个一直都懂得感恩的人。 1.the bright side 由第二段的“Find the bright side in bad situations.opinions.”可知。 2.(become) strong 由第三段的“We should learn from mistakes. It makes us become strong.”可知。 3
33、.They probably/might feel happier and healthier./Happier and healthier. 由第四段的“Studies show that volunteers might feel happier and healthier.”可知。 4.Its more important to know how to be thankful people all the time. 从本文的四个小标题可知本文为总分 结构,故主题句为第一段的最后一句话。 5.当你独处/单独一个人的时候,你可以思考/回想你一天中最美好的时光/事情/部分。 长难句长难句 N
34、o matter what happens, its best to remember the good things.无论发生什么,记住好的事情是最好的。 no matter what意为“无论什么”,引导让步状语从句。its best to do sth.意为“做某事是最好的”,it 为形式主语,后面的to do sth.为真正主语。 重点词汇重点词汇 kindness n.善良,仁慈; compare v.比较 词汇积累词汇积累 positive adj.积极的,乐观的;negative adj.负面的,消极的;humble adj.谦逊的;blessing n.祝福 Passage 5
35、(2016河北) Where does your food come from? How is it made? These days, many people worry about food safety. But food safety is not a new worry. In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle. The book is the story of a poor fami- ly in Chicago. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. Peo
36、ple were so worried that the U.S. started testing food. These days, most food in the world is safe. Laws control where food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important. But its more important to make sure the rules are followed. A good food safety system(系统) ke
37、eps people safe. It also helps them eat healthy food. Labels(标签) on food give people important information. Then they can make good choices about their food. Although food safety systems usually work, there can be problems. Sometimes mistakes are made. For exam- ple, a truck might carry eggs and the
38、n ice cream. The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isnt cleaned before carrying it. Other problems are not mistakes. Sometimes companies break rules to make more money. When this happens, people dont know if their food is safe. As we all know, food is closely related to our daily life.
39、 We should take action to make food safer! 1题完成句子;23题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第三段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.People were so worried about food safety that the U.S. started . 2.What can people do after reading the information on food labels? 3.When could ice cream make people sick in the example? 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读
40、本文是一篇说明文,介绍了有关食品安全的问题以及人们是如何控制食品安全的。为了保证 食品安全,每个人都要行动起来。 1.testing food/to test food 根据第一段的最后一句话可以确定答案。 2.They/People can make good choices/a good choice(about their food)./Make good choices/a good choice(about their food). 根据第二段的最后一句话可以确定答案。 3.When the truck isnt cleaned/clean (before carrying it).
41、 根据第三段的第四句话可以确定答案。 4.Although food safety systems usually work,there can be problems. 根据第三段的第一句话,可以确定答案。 5.但是确保/保证执行/遵守/法律/法规更加重要。/但是确保/保证法律/法规被执行/遵守更加重要。 长难句长难句 As we all know, food is closely related to our daily life.众所周知,食物和我们的日常生活密切相关。 句中“As we all know”意为“众所周知”;“be related to”意为“和有关”。 评析评析 1.问
42、答题要特别注意特殊疑问词及其他关键词,避免答非所问。如第二题题干中的“after reading the information on food labels”中的“after”一词就尤为关键。如果不留意就易错答为“get important in- formation”。答题要规范,提倡简单,但要保证形式准确无误。2.翻译题的标准是“信,达,雅”。至少要做 到“信和达”,即“忠实原文、达意通顺”。另外要格外注意英语中的特殊句式的翻译。如第五题画线 句为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型,翻译时“It”不翻译,该句型要按照“做某事是怎样的”的模式来翻译。 B组 20162020
43、年全国中考题组 话题一 科普知识 Passage (2019北京) 阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As tempera- tures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have disc
44、overed huge waves (海浪)in the arctic waters. The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters. On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the smal
45、l island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice. “We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around,” he remembers. He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would becom
46、e. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces. Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ships navigation(航行) system finally record
47、ed the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used
48、 to be small. The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger. Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will
