1、 1 新人教版必修一新人教版必修一 Unit1 Sports and fitness 语法和写作语法和写作 语法与写作篇语法与写作篇 Grammar tag questions (反意疑问句反意疑问句) 1 Read the conversations below and underline the tag questions and their answers. What functions do the tag questions have? 1 Amy: Its not a real sport, is it? Shen Qi: Yes, it is. 2 Adam: That soun
2、ds interesting, doesnt it? Julie: Sure, it does. 3 Lin Tao: Hi Its a beautiful day, isnt it? Han Jing: Yes, it is. Im going to play soccer. Can you come along and join us? Lin Tao: Sorry, I cant. I ve got to meet my adviser,. By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didnt they? Han Jing: No,
3、they didnt. Its too bad. 尝试完成句子: 1. The pencil is yours, _? 这支铅笔是你的,不是吗? 2. Jenny likes English, _? 珍妮喜欢英语,不是吗? 3. That was a wonderful film, _? 那是个非常棒的电影,不是吗? 答案：1.isnt it 2.doesnt she 3.wasnt it 一、 定义：附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自 己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者意见。 二、 附加疑问句的组成 2 1. 肯定式陈述部分+否定式疑问部分（前肯
4、后否） Eg. You often play badminton, dont you? 你经常打羽毛球，是吗？ You are going to the gym with me, arent you? 你要和我一起去健身房，是吗？ Shes been to shanghai before, hasnt she? 她以前去过上海，是吗？ 2. 否定式陈述部分+肯定式疑问部分（前否后肯） Eg. It isnt a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花，是吗？ You didnt go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰，是吗？ Th
5、ey cant finish it by Friday, can they? 他们不能在星期五之前完成，是吗？ 3. 当陈述部分含有否定词的附加疑问句 （1）当陈述句中含有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, little, few, none, neither, no, not, nowhere, nothing no one, nobody 等否定意义的词时，后面的附加疑问句则为肯定形式。 Eg. He hardly goes to school by car, does he?他几乎不开车去上学，是吗？ You have never been to Paris,
6、 have you?你从没去过巴黎，是吗？ They seldom come late, do they?他们很少迟到，是吗？ Little has been done to prevent pollution, has it? 几乎没有做什么来防止污染，是吗？ （2）如果陈述句中仅含否定前缀的词 unhappy, dislike, impossible 等，则后面的附加疑问句 仍为否定形式。 Eg. He is unfit for his job, isnt he?他不适合这项工作，是吗？ It is impossible, isnt it? 那不可能，是吗？ 3 He dislikes h
7、is classmates, doesnt he?他不喜欢他的同学，是吗？ 4. 祈使句的附加疑问句 （1）肯定的祈使句+ will you? /wont you? （2）否定的祈使句+will you? Eg. Come along with me, will you / wont you ?跟我来，好吗？ Dont make any noise, will you? 别出声，好吗？ （3）Lets 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句用 shall we? （4）Let us 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句用 will you? （5）Let me 引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用 will you?/may I
8、? Eg. Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 让我们去听音乐，好吗？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? 我们在阅览室等你，好吗？ Let me do it for you, may I?让我来为你做这件事，好吗？ Let me have a rest, will you? 让我休息一下，好吗？ 三、附加疑问句的注意事项 1. 当陈述部分主语是everyone/ everybody, someone/somebody, no one/ nobody, none等表示人 的不定代
9、词时， 附加疑问句部分的主语多用 they，但也可用 he；当陈述部分的主语是 everything, anything, something, nothing 等表示物的不定代词时， 附加疑问句部分的主语用 it；当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、其他短语时，附加疑问句部分主语用 it。 Eg. Nobody saw him walk into the room, did they? 没人看见他走进房间，是吗？ Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it? 今天什么都出了问题了，是不是？ 4 Seeing is believing, isnt it.眼
10、见为实，不是吗？ 2. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this, that, these, those 时，附加疑问句的主语不再用指示代 词，而要用 it 或 they。 Eg. That isnt your dictionary, is it? 这不是你的字典，是吗？ These are interesting stories, arent they? 这些故事很有趣，不是吗？ 3. 当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时， 附加疑问句用“be (not) there”结构。 Eg. There is a book on the desk, isnt there ?桌子上有本书，是
11、吗？ There are not any pens in the box, are there? 盒子里没笔了，是吗？ 4. 当陈述句的谓语动词含有 used to 时， 附加疑问句的谓语部分用 didnt 或 usednt。 Eg. He used to get up early, didnt/ usednt he? 他过去起床很早，是吗? 5. 陈述句部分是主从复合句时， 附加疑问句部分的代词和助动词要与主句中的主语和动词 保持一致。 Eg. He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? 他不是给我们演讲的人，是吗？ He can hardly
12、stay awake because he is so tired, can he? 由于很累，他几乎不能保持醒着。 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isnt it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？ He said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt he? 他说他要来参加我的生日聚 会，是吗？ 6.在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I (dont) think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine/ expect/guess 等 +宾语从句”，附加疑问句部
13、分要与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并且要注意否定转移（前肯后 否，前否后肯）。 Eg. We believe she can do it better, cant she?我们相信她能做得更好，是吗？ I dont think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？ 5 四、附加疑问句的回答 （1）肯定回答：Yes+肯定部分 （2）否定回答： No+否定部分 （3）注意在前否后肯的结构中，yes 要翻译成“不”，no 要翻译成“是”。 Eg. Write to me when you get home, will you?
14、到家后给我写信好吗？ Yes, I will. 好的， 我会的。 Dont make a noise, will you?不要弄出响声， 好吗？ No, I wont. 好的， 我不会的。 五、附加疑问部分的读法 陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调，但含义有所不同 。 1. 用升调时，多表示疑问或请求 Eg. The school team have won the gold medal, havent they? 校队获得了金牌，是吗？ 2. 用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。 Eg. The school teams have won the gold medal,
15、havent they? 校队获得了金牌，对吧？ I. Complete the conversations with appropriate tag questions or correct answers. Then act them out. 1. A: Its not going to rain, is it? B: _ Its a good day for sports. A: Then we can play football, _? B: _. We dont have a ball. 6 2 . A: Its Sports Day next Thursday, _? B: Yo
16、u re right, it is. Lets ask Xia Lei if she wants to join a team. A: She likes soccer, _? B: _ But she loves volleyball She could be in the volleyball team 3. A: Its time for badminton class. Where is the coach? Hes late, _? B: Its been 10 minutes already. He isnt coming, _? A: Cool! We can have a go
17、od time. Thats great! B: Shh! A: Oh no, hes right behind me,_? C: Yes, I am! 答案：1.No, it isnt. / cant we /No, we cant 2. isnt it / doesnt she/No, she doesnt 3.isnt he / is he/ isnt he II. 完成下列反意疑问句 1. Its a fine day. Lets go for a picnic, _? 2. Eason is late again. This is the third time this week h
18、es been late, _? 3. Daddys forgot to prepare a Christmas tree, _? Im afraid he has. 4. Sorry, Im not feeling well and I dont think I can finish. Dont worry. Let us do it for you, _? 5. I dont think he could have cheated in the exam, _? 7 6. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night, _? 7. Do
19、nna doesnt think that Michael is generous, _? Im afraid not. 8. The new house need cleaning. Well, lets clean it together, _? 9. There is little we can do about it, _? 10. The problem wasnt difficult for him, _? No, it wasnt. He should have been given a more difficult one. 答案： 1.shall we 2.isn t it
20、3. hasn t he 4.will you 5.did he 6.didn t it 7.does she 8. shall we 9.is there 10. was it 有关有关身心健康的比较说明文身心健康的比较说明文 有关健康生活习惯的说明文 写有关健康生活习惯的说明文时，一般要写清楚什么做法会对健康有利或有害， 人们应该怎样做才能保持健康等。该类文章一般采用以下写作策略： 1开门见山提出主题，说明自己所发现的关于健康问题的现象。 2分析所给内容，然后进行详细说明。说明所给内容时可以先说明现象，也可以 先说明结果，再说明引起这种结果的原因。 3最后归纳总结或发表意见。这一部分的内容
21、主要是提出解决办法及给出自己的 保持健康的建议。 8 4.用第一人称来写;时态以一股现在时为主。 【素材积累】词汇及短语【素材积累】词汇及短语 1 regular adj. 规则的；惯常的 2 healthy adj.健康的 3 unhealthy adj. 不健康的 4 tired adj. 劳累的 5 realise v. 认识到；意识 6 overweight adj. 超重的 7 both.and.既.又. 8 physical exercise 体育锻炼 9 be in good health 身体健康 10 be/go on a diet 节食 11 be good/bad for
22、 对.有益/害 12 keep fit 保持健康 13 take exercise 进行锻炼，做运动 14 stay up 熬夜 15 balanced diet 均衡饮食 16 junk food 垃圾食品 17 good living habits 良好的生活习惯 18 green food 绿色食品 19 form a .habit 养成.的习惯 20 bad habits 坏习惯 21 pay attention to 注意. 22 try to do 尽力做. 话题写作话题写作： 最近,你校英文报在举办主题为“One hour of exercise a day makes a li
23、fetime of health.”的 征文活动。假定你是李华,请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。 1.你对征文主题的理解; 2.你喜欢的运动项目及活动情况; 3.该运动给你的生活和学习带来的好处。 9 注意:1.词数 80 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已写好,不计入总词数。 Nowadays,playing sports is becoming more and more popular._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 文段积累： 1.Playing sports is one of the best ways to keep us fit. 2.A healt
24、hy body is necessary for a healthy mind. 3.Life lies in movement, and sport is the thing that gives us an opportunity to move. 4.They can not only build up our bodies but also help us study more efficiently. 5.When it comes to keeping healthy, playing sports enjoys widespread popularity among people
25、. 6.Different students have different reasons for taking part in sports. 7.Many students just want to relax themselves and have fun. 8.Most boys take part in all kinds of sports in order to become stronger. 10 9.Girls also like sports because they want to lose weight. 10.Only by keeping ourselves he
26、althy can we feel energetic and confident in our study and work. 课堂练习课堂练习 1）假如你是李华。你的外籍教师 Alice 已经完成教学任务回国了。她在教你的时候，你身 体不好，颈椎痛，体重超重。她很担心你的身体，写信打听你的身体状况，请你给 Alice 回 信。 1.所采取的措施和理由 2.描述自己的身体变化 注意：词数 100 左右 【句型训练】根据汉语意思完成句子 1.那时，我经常熬夜，没有时间锻炼，结果我患上了肥胖症和颈部疼痛。 At that time I often _ _ and _ _ _ for exerci
27、se, so that I suffered from obesity and neck pain. 2.我担心我自己的健康，试图做以下事情。 （来保持健康） I was _ _ my fitness and tried _ _ the following things. 3.锻炼使我更加健壮，更加自信。 Exercise has made me _ and _ _. 4.除此之外，我还注意我的饮食并且吃恰当的食物，因为适量的营养对身体健康很重要。 _, I _ _ _ my diet and had the right food, because proper nutrition is _
28、_ good health. 11 5.而且，我保持良好的精神状态。 Moreover, I kept _ _ _ _ _. 6.运动的作用可以代替药物，但所有的药物不能代替运动。 Sports can replace the actions of drugs, but all the _ _ _ _. 答案：1 stayed up had no time 2 worried about to do 3 stronger more confident 4 Besides paid attention to important for 5 a good state of mind 6 drugs
29、 cant replace sports Dear Alice, How is everything going? Im delighted to have received your letter. When you were in China, you were concerned about my health. At that time I often stayed up late and had no time for exercise, so that I suffered from obesity and neck pain. I was worried about my fit
30、ness and tried to do the following things. First, I do exercise actively, such as jogging, swimming and push-ups. Exercise has made me stronger and more confident. Besides, I paid attention to my diet and had the right food, because proper nutrition is important for good health. Moreover, I kept a g
31、ood state of mind. By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. Yours, Li Hua 课后练习课后练习 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a small town, there was a special person. He could drive a train himself. To our surprise, 12 he was only _1_ eleven-year-old boy.
32、 He wanted to drive a train someday, but he was born without _2_ (arm) . People around him often helped him. The boys uncle taught him _3_ (use) his feet as “hands”. The boy couldnt go to school, so he spent all his time _4_ (watch) trains coming and going. How he wished that he could be a train dri
33、ver! One day, he saw a train and _5_ (it) driver wasnt in it. He climbed on it and started it with his feet _6_ (easy). Nobody found the boy in the train. So the train went on and on on the railway. _7_ a while, the train got to a small station. It was not far from the boys town. When the boy came o
34、ut of the train, a worker of the station saw him and _8_ (catch) him at once. At first, the worker was very angry. _9_ as soon as he saw the armless boy, he was so _10_ (surprise). He couldnt believe it was true that the boy could drive the train with his feet. 答案：1.an 2. arms 3. to use 4. watching
35、5. its 6.easily 7. After 8. caught 9. But 10. surprised 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第3150各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该选项标号涂黑。 Thomas Crum, living in a toy school, was a boy made from plasticine (橡皮泥). He _1_ showed respect for others. Thomas always went round the classroom _2_ his drum, and the f
36、act that he was annoying others didnt _3_ him in the least. His classmates had had enough of this. Coco Wiseman, a very clever boy made of lego (乐高 积木), _4_ some special earplugs (耳塞)to block out the annoying sounds. Upon seeing that, Thomas immediately got very _5_ with Coco Wiseman. They had a fig
37、ht, by chance, the inventor _6_ falling from the table to the floor into pieces. 13 Though it was a(n) _7_, everyone was unhappy with Thomas. _8_ wanted anything more to do with him. But a few days later, a cuckoo clock was put in the _9_, just next to the shelf Thomas slept on. The cuckoo clock was
38、 _10_ making noise “tick-tock” and every hour the cuckoo came out to do its “cuckoo cuckoo!” Thomas couldnt get any rest at all. _11_, the others, with their special earplugs, were fine. Thomas started to _12_ just how much he had annoyed everyone with his drum, and how _13_ it had been to fight wit
39、h Coco Wiseman. _14_ to become the best-behaved (表现最好的), most respectful boy, he spent days and nights _15_ Coco Wiseman in secret. Everyone got a big _16_ when Coco Wiseman finally came back to life, and they _17_ Thomas for bringing their friend back. Thomas, _18_, asked them to pardon him for his
40、 lack of _19_ for others. Soon Coco Wiseman also made a pair of earplugs for him, so Thomas could also get enough _20_ now and learn to show respect for others. 1. A. once B. often C. ever D. seldom 2. A. showing B. beating C. making D. selling 3. A. influence B. touch C. relax D. frighten 4. A. int
41、roduced B. bought C. borrowed D. invented 5. A. angry B. pleased C. strict D. satisfied 6. A. found out B. gave up C. ended up D. turned out 7. A. mistake B. accident C. excuse D. chance 8. A. Nobody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Anybody 9. A. fight B. game C. classroom D. school 10. A. slowly B. actu
42、ally C. gradually D. repeatedly 11. A. Anyway B. However C. Luckily D. Finally 12. A. notice B. expect C. remember D. realize 14 13. A. strange B. stupid C. interesting D. pleasant 14. A. Supposed B. Excited C. Determined D. Encouraged 15. A. repairing B. questioning C. dreaming D. watching 16. A. s
43、urprise B. help C. success D. choice 17. A. blamed B. caught C. thanked D. paid 18. A. in return B. in time C. in particular D. in fact 19. A. need B. hope C. change D. care 20. A. food B. sleep C. space D. time 答案：1-5 DBADA 6-10 CBACD 11-15 BDBCA 16-20 ACADB 三、阅读理解 A Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs withou
