1、U4 重点词汇讲解 1.flood (1)n. 洪水U/C The heavy rain caused floods in the houses by the river. 大量 a flood of letters/complaints(投诉）/refugees(难民） vt.淹没；使灌满水 A flood of floods flooded the valley. vi. 淹没；The cellar（地窖） floods whenever it rains heavily. (2) flood into sth /in 涌入（涌入（） Applications flooded into t
2、he office. Donations began to flood in from kind people. flood sth with sth 某处某处 铺满或者充满铺满或者充满 The place was flooded with light. 2.rescue (1)n. a rescue team; rescue the injured (2)短语：短语： rescue sb. from .把某人从把某人从营救出来营救出来 The soldiers rescued the old man from the flood. come to ones rescue援救或救助援救或救助
3、某人某人 A boy was trapped in the building and soon a rescue team came to his rescue. 3.damage (1)vt. 损害；破坏损害；破坏;n 损坏；损失损坏；损失 The strong wind damaged the fence(篱笆）. The strong light can do /cause damage to your eyes. (2) do /cause damage to sth These chemicals can cause damage to the liver, heart, and k
4、idneys.这些化学药品会使肝脏、心脏和肾脏受到损害。 4. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭destroyed； destroyed The bridge _( destroy) by the flood. was destroyed 5. death n.死，死亡 （1）The hero _(die) ten years ago. That is to say, he _for ten years. The_ man was saved by a kind passer-by. The tornado has caused many _. died has been dead dyin
5、g deaths （2）了解一下： a matter of life and death ； be frightened/scared to death; starve to death; be sentenced to death 6.affect （1）vt.影响；影响； （疾病）侵袭；感染；深深打动（疾病）侵袭；感染；深深打动 Their opinion will not affect my decision. Cancer had affected his lungs by the end of last month. We were deeply affected by her se
6、lflessness. (=be deeply touched/moved by sth) _(affect) by a serious disease, he has no longer able to speak clearly. (2)n. effect 影响；结果影响；结果 have an effect on sth/sb；have an influence on sth/sb; make a difference to sb. Sometimes family environment has an unbelievable effect on the shaping(塑造） of c
7、hildrens characters. Affected 7.as if/though +从句 （1）as if 后跟从句，若是真实情况或极有可能为事实， 用陈述语气。 There are so many blank clouds in the sky. It seems as if it is going to rain soon. (2) as if 后跟从句，若是不真实或不大可能为事实的情况后跟从句，若是不真实或不大可能为事实的情况 ，则要用虚拟语气。，则要用虚拟语气。 针对何时的假设 as if从句谓语动词 现在情况现在情况 已过去情况已过去情况 对将来情况对将来情况 一般过去时一般
8、过去时，即 were 或did 过去完成时过去完成时，即had done “过去将来时过去将来时”，即 would/could/might/should +V原形原形 as if 从句动词所用的时态，比实际情况要早一个时态！从句动词所用的时态，比实际情况要早一个时态！ 对将来情况进行假设时， He opened he his mouth as if he _something. 对现在情况：对现在情况： When a chopstick is put into a cup of water, it looks as if it _(be) broken. He looks as if he _
9、 (not know) the result. 对已过去情况： My mother turned her back on me as if she_ (know) my mistake. were didnt know had known would say Exes 1.He behaved as if nothing _. 2.Children looked up to her as if she _ their own mother. 3.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _it? we
10、re had happened had done damage destroy ruin hurt 8.ruin vt. _ 某事令人很吃惊：某事令人很吃惊：_ (1)词形变化：词形变化：adj._;_ Exes: He was _at the _ news, which was also a shock to her father. It is shocking that shocking 词形变化以及短语搭词形变化以及短语搭 配同配同“surprise” （3）扩展：）扩展： 对某事大吃一惊对某事大吃一惊 (sth.) come as a shock The news of his dea
11、th came as a great shock to everyone . shocked be shocked at /by sth; be shocked to do sth in shock 9. shock n.震惊U，令人震惊的事C；休克休克； vt.使某人感到震惊， shocking shocked 10.trap (1) n. 险境；陷阱 set/lay a trap;fall into a trap (2)vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套； trapped; trapped 无连词且被动形式的短语作无连词且被动形式的短语作 非谓时：非谓时：去去be， 即只保留即只保留 V-ed
12、（+介介+宾）宾） 相关短语：相关短语： trap sb. into doing sth用计使某人上当而做某事用计使某人上当而做某事; be trapped in/under sth 被困于被困于.; Exes 用trap的正确形式填空 She _ in the burning house. I _telling him all I knew. The team _ in the burning building were waiting for rescue anxiously. was trapped was trapped into trapped _ himself in the bo
13、ok， _ in the book, （2）bury oneself in sth He has buried himself in his work since he came here. 11.bury vt.埋葬；安葬; buried; buried (1)短语：bury sth in sth； bury ones face in hands She buried her face in her hands and wept. be buried in sth He was buried in the book , so he didnt notice it raining outsid
14、e . 无连词且无连词且vt 作非谓时：作非谓时： 无自身宾语，用无自身宾语，用V-ed形式；形式； 有自身宾语，用有自身宾语，用V-ing形式形式 Buring Buried 谓语谓语 连词连词 he didnt notice it raining outside. 无连无连 12. effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 make an effort to do sth; in an effort to do sth; spare no effort to do sth (补充：spare sb. a few minutes) 一句多译： 我们将竭尽全力帮助你竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做
15、好迎接各种困难的准 备。 Well _ , but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties _ _ _ make an effort to help you, spare no effort to help you do all we can in an effort to help you try our best to help you 13. suffer from headache; supply sth to sb; (provide sth for sb;) in the open air; 14. have
16、the power to do sth 哪些名词后跟 to do 做后置定语： （1）ability/chance/opportunity/ right/curiosity/attempt; （2）the first man to land on the moon; 15. strike v. 使使遭受撞击；给某人留下印象；罢工遭受撞击；给某人留下印象；罢工 （1）strike sb. in/ on+ the+身体部位 be struck by /on /with sth 被打动； go on strike 举行罢工； be on strike 在罢工 （2）其他意思： （灾难、疾病等）侵袭;
17、摩擦点燃（某物）； （时钟）敲响报时；产生于头脑中； “望文猜意” The stone struck him in the eye. A good idea struck me. It struck me that I had seen the picture somewhere. I was deeply struck by the beautiful scenery The clock struck 12. The girl struck a match to light a candle. Tbus drivers strike stopped all traffic. 撞击撞击 突然想起突然想起 突然想起突然想起 打动打动 （钟表）报时（钟表）报时 点燃点燃 罢工罢工
