1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知 语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考 走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知 阅读下列句子阅读下列句子,体会句意体会句意 1.He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑到最后,谁笑得最甜。谁笑得最甜。 2.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 从不犯错的人一事无成。从不犯错的人一事无成。 3.All is well that ends well.结果好就一切都好。结果好就一切都好。 4.He who has never
2、 been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。 语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考 语法精讲语法精讲 定语从句定语从句(一一) 一、定语从句以及相关术语一、定语从句以及相关术语 1.定语从句定语从句:在复合句中在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从 句。句。 2.先行词先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词通常有关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词通常有
3、that, which,who,whom,whose等等;关系副词有关系副词有when,where,why等。等。 4.关系词在定语从句中有三大作用关系词在定语从句中有三大作用: (1)连接作用连接作用:连接主句与从句。连接主句与从句。 (2)成分作用成分作用:在定语从句中充当一个成分。在定语从句中充当一个成分。 (3)替代作用替代作用:替代某一名词替代某一名词代词或某一句话。代词或某一句话。 二、关系代词的基本用法二、关系代词的基本用法 (1)who指人指人,在从句中做主语或宾语。在从句中做主语或宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from C
4、lass One. 正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。 That is the teacher who teaches us English. 那就是教我们英语的老师。那就是教我们英语的老师。 (2)whom指人指人,在定语从句中做宾语在定语从句中做宾语,可省略。可省略。 Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 记一记记一记 长知识长知识 关系代词关系代词whom在口语和非正式文体中常可用在口语和非正式文体中常可用wh
5、o或或that来来 代替代替,也可省略。也可省略。 The man (whom/who/that) you met just now is my old friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。 (3)which指物指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省做宾语时常可省 略。略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这就
6、是他昨天买的钢笔。这就是他昨天买的钢笔。 (4)that指人时指人时,相当于相当于who或或whom;指物时指物时,相当于相当于which。 在定语从句中做主语或宾语在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。做宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that/who come to visit the city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 春天过后的季节是夏天。春天过
7、后的季节是夏天。 (5)whose通常指人通常指人,也可指物也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经坍塌的房子里。我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经坍塌的房子里。 记一记记一记 长知识长知识 whose指物时指物时,常可用下列结构来代替常可用下列结构来代替: The classroom whose door is broken will s
8、oon be repaired. =The classroom,the door of which is broken,will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三、指物时用三、指物时用that不用不用which的情况的情况 在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中,指物时指物时that和和which常可互换。但在常可互换。但在 下列几种情况下只能用下列几种情况下只能用that。 (1)当先行词是当先行词
9、是everything,anything,nothing,something,all, none,few,little,some等不定代词时等不定代词时,或当先行词被或当先行词被 every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。等词修饰时。 There is little that I can do for you. 所有能做的都做了。所有能做的都做了。 (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。当先行词被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Elizabeth Tower. 在伦敦他们
10、参观的第一个地方是伊丽莎白塔。在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是伊丽莎白塔。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。 (4)当先行词被当先行词被the very,the only等词修饰时。等词修饰时。 After the fire in his house,the old car was the only thing that he owned. 家里发生火灾后家里发生火灾后,那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
11、 (5)当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,which等疑问词时。等疑问词时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在大门口的那个人是谁站在大门口的那个人是谁? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件哪件T恤衫最适合我恤衫最适合我? (6)当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时。当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时。 They are no longer the men that they used to be. 他们不再是以前那样的人了。他们不再是以前那样的人了。 (7)当先行词中既有人又有物时。当先
12、行词中既有人又有物时。 They talked about the things and people that they saw in that country. 他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。 四、指人时用四、指人时用who不用不用that的情况的情况 (1)当先行词是当先行词是one,the one,ones,anyone,those等代词时。等代词时。 Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 尊重别人的人通常会得到别人的尊重。尊重别人的人通常会得到别人的尊重。 (2)在在the
13、re be句型中。句型中。 There are many people who are against the plan. 许多人反对这个计划许多人反对这个计划。 记一记记一记 长知识长知识 当主句是由当主句是由who开头的疑问句时开头的疑问句时,关系代词用关系代词用that。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 获得金牌的男孩是谁获得金牌的男孩是谁? 【即学即用】【即学即用】 用合适的关系代词完成句子用合适的关系代词完成句子 1.The trees _are behind the office building have lost their le
14、aves. 2.The student _we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 3.She has a brother _name I cant remember. 4.This is the thing _we wrote for our storytelling competition. that/which that/who/whom whose that/which 5.All my classmates enjoyed the cake _I made. 6.The book _I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 7.I am going to see a friend _has just come back from the UK. 8.The girl _is the tallest in our class lives next to me. that/which that/which who/that who/that
