1、U5 Languages Around the World 重点词汇讲解重点词汇讲解 1. native （1）adj.出生地的，本地的，土著的 my native country祖国/land故乡/city故里; a native speaker 母语使用者;说本族语的人， be native to sp. 原产于某地原产于某地 The tiger is native to India. 类似结构： China is home to Pandas. .是的所在地/原产地。 Koala is unique to Australia. .是所特有的 。 (2) n.本地人 C a native
2、of NewYork; Native American(=American Indian)美洲土著居民 2. attitude 态度;看法， an attitude of mind心态问题 have a positive /negative/good/bad attitude to/towards sb./sth. take/keep 3.refer vi 提到；参考；查阅； vt 查询；叫求助于 (1)(1)refer-referredreferredreferring; n. reference 参考；指称关系参考；指称关系 (2) refer to sth/sb 三个意思三个意思: :
3、描描述；述； 涉及；涉及； 查查阅；阅； 参考参考 What does the underlined words in the sentence refer to ? This article refers to the events of last year. 指指的是的是 You can refer to the dictionary when exact meaning of the word. Exes Some scientific stories this book _(refer) to have come true now. The theory you _(referred)
4、 to last year proved right. refers referred 4.despite 即使；尽管即使；尽管 prep. +名词（短语）名词（短语） (3)区别于区别于though/ although conj.+句子句子 (1) despite sth= in spite of sth Despite the terrible weather, we continued to work in the field. Though the weather was terrible , we continued to work in the field. (2) despite
5、 the fact that Despite the fact that the problem is difficult, he spared no effort to solve it. Exes She was good at physics, _(尽尽 管）管） she found it boring . though /despite the fact that 6.base vt. 以以为据点；以为据点；以为基础；为基础；n. 底部；根据底部；根据 Exes: My decision _on reason. Scientists have built an early warnin
6、g system _ on mathematical models. _ an important decision more on emotion than on reason you will regret it sooner or later. was based 5. ups and downs,浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 ups and downs of life e.g. We should learn how to deal with ups and downs of life wisely. It is a fact that life is full of ups and downs.
7、 Despite the many ups and downs in his career, he still keeps a positive attitude towards life. at the base of （the building） 在的根部、底部 base sth. on/ upon sth.; be based on/ upon sth. based Basing 拓展练习: Mary is sitting on a park bench,_( bury) in her book. Mary is sitting on a park bench,_(bury) herse
8、lf in her book. burying 7. date back to+年代等年代等= date from+年代等年代等 (1)常用于一般现在时；没有进行时态和被动语态，常用于一般现在时；没有进行时态和被动语态， The Legend dates back to 300 years ago. 8.variety n.（植物、语言的）变体；异体；多样化（植物、语言的）变体；异体；多样化 buried （2）常用现在分词形式作定语或状语。）常用现在分词形式作定语或状语。 We visited the castle dating back to the 12 century. （1） adj
9、. various各种各样的各种各样的 various activities n. variety多样化多样化 a variety of activities vi. vary改变；变化；改变；变化； 其后介词搭配看具体句意。其后介词搭配看具体句意。 (fromto/betweenand /in ；) Exes. Join us to taste a _ of fresh local food and drinks. There is way to get involved in _ activities on Earth Day. various 9 . major adj.重要的，主要的重
10、要的，主要的 a major problem; vi.主修主修,专门研究专门研究 major in physics/English,; n.主修课程，主修学生， n.大多数大多数,大部分大部分 the majority of 10. no matter+疑问词（疑问词（ what/ who/ which/where/ when.) （1）no matter+疑问代词疑问代词/疑问副词疑问副词，只能引导让步状语，只能引导让步状语 从句从句： 无论无论；此时可以替换此时可以替换成“疑问词成“疑问词-ever ” variety no matter what-whatever no matter w
11、hich- whichever no matter where-wherever no matter when-whenever no matter how(+adj./adv)however+ (+adj./adv) （2） 只有“只有“疑问代词疑问代词-ever ”还可以引导主语从句、宾”还可以引导主语从句、宾 语或表语从句等名词性从句。语或表语从句等名词性从句。 You can take _ you like. _ cheats in the exam will be punished. You can choose _ book you prefer . Whatever happen
12、s , I will stand by you. Wherever you go, I will go. However hot it was, he always shut the windows. 状从状从 注意：注意： 引导名词性从句引导名词性从句只能用“连体字”只能用“连体字”: “疑问代词疑问代词-ever ” ： 既不会用“分体字”既不会用“分体字”: no matter 疑问代词引导疑问代词引导, 也不会用也不会用no matter疑问副词来引导名词性从句！疑问副词来引导名词性从句！ whatever Whoever whichever 11. means （1） 单复数同形单复
13、数同形,谓语单复数看修饰词、上下文。谓语单复数看修饰词、上下文。 All the means have been used. Every possible means has been used. (2)(2)以以的方式的方式 by this meansthis means; i; in this way. 12.regard n. 尊重；关注 give my regards to sb. 代我问候某人代我问候某人 vt. 把把视为视为; 看待看待 regard . as ; e.g. Nowadays cycling 【along with jogging and swimming】 is
14、regarded as one of the best forms of exercise. 同义短语：同义短语：consideras/to be ; think of as ; look on as. 13.appreciate vt 欣赏；感激；重视；领会欣赏；感激；重视；领会 vi增值 n. 感激感激appreciation(同义词同义词gratitude) (1)(1)欣赏；欣赏； He began to appreciate the local culture . （2）感激）感激 appreciate+名名/代代/doing I appreciate being given the
15、 chance to work for our community. I would appreciate it + if 从句从句 “如果“如果我将不胜感激。”我将不胜感激。” I would appreciate it if you give me some asvice on my spoken English. 14. struggle for sth（freedom）；努力争取 struggle against sth（the air pollution）; 为反对而斗争； struggle with sb. 同搏斗 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来 16.
16、beg；beggedbeggedbegging； beggar乞丐乞丐； beg (sb.) for sth 向某人乞求某物向某人乞求某物; beg sb (not) to do sth 恳求某人（不）做某事恳求某人（不）做某事 17. equal adj. 相同的unequal adj. 不相等的；不胜任的； equally adv相等地；平等地；equality n. 平等；相等 All men are created equal. 所有人都是生而平等的。 15.see the world from a different point of view（观点）（观点） from my poi
17、nt of view=in my view/opnion 在我看来在我看来 hold the view 【that 同位语从句同位语从句】持有持有的观点的观点 n.相等的人；相等物相等的人；相等物 He is equal to the job/ doing this kind of work. 能胜任能胜任 He has no equal in music. 18. demand（1） n.需求；要求 be in (great) demand (迫切）需求迫切）需求 meet/satisfy ones demands(/needs)满足某人的需求满足某人的需求 Passagers must s
18、how their tickets on demand.(一经要求一经要求） (2) demand （of sb.) to do sth. 要求某人做某事 demand+that从句从句 Exes The manager demanded that workers _(work) hard to finish the task ahead of time. The doctor advised that Mary _(keep) a balance between work and play. 涉及用虚拟语气的常见动词：涉及用虚拟语气的常见动词： 一坚持，二命令，三建议一坚持，二命令，三建议,
19、四要求，四要求， （3） a demanding job （工作）要求高的，费力的； a demanding boss/ child. （人）苛求的，要求极严的， (should) keep （should+V原形原形 ，即虚拟语气），即虚拟语气） (should) work 19. description n. 描写形容， describe vt.描写;描述 He gave a description of his hometown/job. (描述） The beauty of Tibet is beyond description (难以形容的) 20. relate vt. 联系，讲述联系，讲述 (1)related adj. 相关的相关的 relative adj. 相对的相对的;亲戚亲戚 _ adv. 相对地相对地 （2） “望文猜意”“望文猜意” The symbols relate to an early system. Theory should be closely related to practice. Relatively speaking ， the harder you work, the more progress you will make. 与与有关有关 与与有关有关/联系联系 相对来说，相对来说， relatively
