1、Section Using language .核心词汇 1_ n. 观念，理由，信条；法则，原则，原理；行 为准则，规范 2_ n. 池塘 3_ v. 播(种) 4_ vt. 应用，运用，使用 5_ n. 蝙蝠 6_ n. 医生 7_ n. 外科手术，外科学 principle pond sow employ bat physician surgery .重点短语 1_ 追溯 2_ 小规模的，小型的 3_ 应该做某事 4_ 在到之间变化 5_ 依赖，期待，指望提供某物 6_ 成功做成某事 7_ 寻求的解决方法 go back in miniature be supposed to do st
2、h. vary from.to. look to. for sth. succeed in doing sth. seek solutions to. 8_ 发射信号 9_ 撞到 10_ 防弹衣 11_ 发生，产生 12 _ 认为(做)某事是某人的功劳， 把(做)某事归功于某人 send signals crash into bullet- proof clothing come about credit sb. with (doing) sth. .重点句型 _， the original garden contained a rockery to symbolise Tiantai Mou
3、ntain. 留园始建于明朝，最初里面有一座假山，象征着天台山。 First established in the Ming Dynasty 第一版块第一版块|重点词汇诠释重点词汇诠释 1.be supposed to do(按规定、习惯、安排等)应当，应该，须； 一般认为，普遍认为 Wasnt Jane supposed to be here by now？简现在不是应该 已经到这儿了吗？ Dont worry. She will be here in about twenty minutes. 别担心。她大约二十分钟后到。 You are not supposed to park your
4、 car in front of the gate of the hospital. 你不能把你的车停在医院门口。 The speaker is supposed to be excellent.演讲人据说很出色。 I havent seen this film myself, but it is supposed to be a great one. 这部电影我自己没看过，不过人们普遍认为它相当不错。 即学即练 单句语法填空 Youth is an especially important stage for us, where we are supposed _ (try) everyth
5、ing meaningful because nothing is impossible. Jack, look what you have done. You are supposed _ (finish) your homework by now. Sorry, Miss Lee. Ill hurry up. Children are supposed _ (allow) to voice their opinions, though their opinions may be different from their parents. to try to have finished to
6、 be allowed 归纳拓展：与 suppose 相关的其他搭配： be supposed to have done (should have done)本应该做而实际 上未做 suppose sb./sth. (to be)认为某人/某物(是) I suppose so.我认为是这/那样。 I suppose not.我认为不是这/那样。 I had supposed the English teacher to be older.我原以为那位英语 老师要更年长一点。 Is that the way up？那是上去的路吗？ Yeah, I suppose so.是的，我想是。 2.emp
7、loy vt.应用，运用，使用；雇用 employ sb. as. 雇用某人为 employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于，忙于(做)某事 The children should be taught how to employ their spare time properly. 孩子们应该被教会怎样恰当地利用他们的空闲时间。 His elder brother is employed as a cook in a big restaurant. 他的哥哥受雇于一家大饭店当厨师。 Every autumn, the
8、y employ casual workers to pick the fruit. 每年秋天，他们雇用临时工摘水果。 She was employed in making a list of all the work to be done this week. 她忙着把这周所有要做的工作列一个清单。 即学即练 单句语法填空 His mother is employed _ an accountant (会计) in an international company. The college actually employed her _ (take) over the DNA project
9、. My friend Chris has been employed _ writing a new book these days. _ rate has increased recently. The reason is that a lot of companies want to _ enough workers. Also, _ offer higher pay to the qualified _ (employ) as to take in Employment employ employers employees 联想串记：(1)相关词语积累： (2)表示“雇用”的其他词语：
10、take on, hire 等。 (3)表示“解雇，开除”的词语：fire, lay off 等。 3.credit vt.认为是的功劳，把归于；认为有(良好 的品质或特点)；n.赊购；信用；认可；赞扬 (1)credit sb. with (doing) sth. 相信某人有某优点(做了某件好 事) credit A with B/credit B to A 把 B 归功于 A (2)on credit 赊购，贷款 (3)give sb. credit for. 因而称赞某人 do sb. credit/do credit to sb./sth. 使值得赞扬 to sb.s credit 使
11、值得赞扬，使受尊重 Evans is credited with inventing the system.据信是埃文斯发 明的这个系统。 Please credit me with honesty.请相信我是诚实的。 The company is credited with developing the industrial robot. 研制工业机器人是那家公司的功劳。 Much of the teams success can be credited to their manager. 这个团队的成功大多应归功于他们的经理。 Nowadays, many new cars are bou
12、ght on credit.如今，许多新 汽车都是贷款买的。 It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. 按时支付电费账单很重要，因为逾期支付可能会影响你的信 用。 Lets give him credit for the success of the project. 我们要将这一项目的成功归功于他。 即学即练 判断下列句子中 credit 的含义/完成句子 During my second year at the city college, I
13、was told that the education department was offering an elective course for three credits._ I cant take all the credit for the shows success it was a team effort._ You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good._ 学分 赞扬 信用 值得赞扬的是，尽管天气恶劣，工人们还是按时完成了工程 任务。 _， the workers managed to co
14、mplete the project on time in spite of the bad weather. 普遍认为是他首先开始了自由诗的写作。 _ free verse. To their credit He is credited with the beginning of writing 熟词生义：你知道下面例句中 credit 的词性及含义吗？ You must pass the examination to get credits for the course. 点拨：n.C学分 佳句写作： Your honesty does you great credit. 你的诚实给你很大
15、的信誉。 To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened. 值得赞扬的是，杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶。 第二版块第二版块|重点句型解构重点句型解构 (教材 P53)First established in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery to symbolise Tiantai Mountain. 留园始建于明朝，最初里面有一座假山，象征着天台山。 此句中的 established 为过去分词作状语。 过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动或
16、完成，表示时间、原因、条 件、让步等，相当于状语从句，可放在句首、句中或句末。 Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.因为写得太匆 忙，这篇文章不是很好。 He stood there silently, moved to tears.他静静地站在那里，被 感动得热泪盈眶。 即学即练 单句语法填空 _ (give) another hour, I can also work out this problem. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful
17、 to us. _ (see) from the top of the hill, I can find many trees. _ (lose) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. Given Seen Seeing Lost 特别提示：有些过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被 动而表示逻辑主语的状态。常见的有：lost 迷路), seated(坐), lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), dressed in (穿着), tired of (厌烦)等。 第三版块|语法非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 新知导引 阅读下列例句并感知画线
18、部分的共性 1To get up early is necessary. 2The boy pretended to be reading. 3He refused to do me a favour. 4Teachers told us not to be late for class. 5To see is to believe. 6Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. 7Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 8He so
19、lved the problem alone without our helping him. 9Would you mind my/me using your dictionary? 10I really appreciated being selected to perform in the New Year Cala. 11My job is teaching you English. 共性呈现 1画线部分在句中都是非谓语形式。 2to do 和 doing 均在句中作了主语(1、5、6、7 句)。 3to do 和 doing 均在句中作了宾语(2、3、4、8、9、10 句)。 4to
20、 do 和 doing 在句中作的表语(5、11 句)。 语法精释 一、非谓语动词作主语 1动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语相当于名词，单个动词不定式(短语)作主语 时，谓语动词常用单数。 To climb the mountain road is easy while to go down the hills is hard. 上山容易下山难。 特别注意：在当代英语中，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语 不定式放在后面。 It is not easy to find your way around the town. 在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。 2动名词(短语)作主语 动名词具有名词的
21、基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主 语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。 (1)动名词(短语)在句首直接作主语。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。 (2)it 在句首作形式主语，而动名词(短语)作句子真正的主语， 常用表达有： Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间 Its useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用的/值得的 Its no use doing sth.做
22、某事是没用的 It was a waste of time reading that book. 读那本书就是在浪费时间。(此句中 It 为形式主语，真正的主 语为 reading that book) 即学即练 1 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 (1)It is a great honour _ (invite) to visit your country. (2)_ (make) the right decision concerning the future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our lif
23、e. (3)_ (add) Peking Opera to the basic education in China is a big step to promote traditional art. (4)_ (know) basic first- aid technique will help you respond quickly to emergencies. (5)_ (equip) with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to Chinas young generation. to be invited
24、Making Adding Knowing Being equipped (6)It is agreed that _ (read) widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary. (7)_ (open) school playgrounds to the public makes exercise easier for the people in the community. (8)_ (learn) to think critically is an important skill todays chi
25、ldren will need for the future. reading Opening Learning 二、非谓语动词作宾语 1动词不定式作宾语 有些动词后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。 这些词有： hope, wish, expect, long, agree, promise, undertake, want, aim, plan, desire, arrange, manage, learn, decide, determine, attempt, pretend, choose, offer, demand, refuse, threaten, prepare 等。 We hop
26、e to find something completely new that will change our understanding of the universe. 我们希望找到一些全新的东西，能改变我们对宇宙的理解的东 西。 特别注意：动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是个别介词如 except 等，可以接不定式作宾语。 Mary would not speak to him except to answer questions. 除了回答问题外，玛丽是不会和他讲话的。 2动名词作宾语 (1)动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语。常接动名词作宾语的动词 (短语)有： admit 承认advise
27、 建议allow 允许appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay 推迟deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢enjoy 喜爱escape逃脱； 逃避excuse原谅fancy喜欢； 想要finish完成forbid 禁止forgive原谅give up放弃imagine想象keep保持mind介意miss 错过pardon 原谅permit 允许practise 练习 prevent 阻止put off 推迟risk 冒险suggest 建议feel like 想要 He managed to escape suffering from th
28、e disease. 他设法避免了患上那种疾病。 Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter. 史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读 书清单。 The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night. 犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。 特别注意：下列动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 Your car needs filling. 你的车该充气
29、了。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得游览。 The problem requires studying carefully. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 (2)动名词可以跟在介词后面作宾语。 Im looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着您的下一次到来。 They are against using so many animals in experiments. 他们反对用如此多的动物去做实验。 He apologised for interrupting us. 他为打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。 Tha
30、nk you for offering me so much help. 感谢你给我提供了这么多帮助。 特别注意：有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语也可跟动名词作宾 语，但意思上有差别。 forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做过某事 forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得去做某事 regret doing sth.对做过某事表示后悔 regret to say/inform/tell.很遗憾地说/通知/告知 mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 try doing
31、sth.尝试着做某事 go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事 go on to do sth.接着干别的事情 即学即练 2 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 (1)As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ (hear) from you now and then telling me how everything is getting along. (2)You should not miss _ (make) up for your missed lessons. (3)You can never imagine
32、 what great trouble I had _ (help) the poor boy and the little dog that were seriously hurt. (4)I really appreciate _ (give) the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting. hearing making helping being given (5)Exercise is the key to _ (improve) your health. (6)Dont forget _ (post) the lette
33、r for me when you pass by the post office. (7)I didnt mean _ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ (try) it. (8)I do remember _ (receive) the message, but I cannot find it now. Please send it again if you dont mind. (9)My father is considering _ (buy) a computer, whic
34、h is considered a great help in our work and study. (10)Determined _ (give) his mother a surprise, Tom arrived home ahead of time. improving to post to eat trying receiving buying to give 三、非谓语动词作表语 1动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语一般表示目的或主语的性质等，时间上有将 来含义。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始工作
35、。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的愿望 是在不久的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 特别注意：不定式作表语时，若主语为 all，what 引导的从句， 且从句中出现了 do 的某种形式时，不定式的 to 可省略。 What he wanted to do was (to) become a skilful worker. 他想做的是成为一名熟练的工人。 2动词的- ing 形式作表语 v- ing 形式作表语时放在系动词之后，可以和主语互换位置， 意思仍然通顺。 Her job is cleaning offices. 她的
36、工作是打扫办公室。(作表语) Cleaning offices is her job. 打扫办公室是她的工作。(作主语) (1)动名词(短语)作表语用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语 的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。 Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 (2)现在分词(短语)作表语用来表示主语所具有的特征。 His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对自己母亲的关爱很感人。 His words are enco
37、uraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。 3动词的- ed 形式作表语 过去分词作表语常表示主语的性质、特征或状态，有时并无完 成或被动之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情。过去分词作表语 基本上都是已经形容词化的动词的- ed 形式，通常译为“感到 的”。 He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face. 他感到失望，但还竭力强颜欢笑。 He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction. 他很惊讶自己的回答竟会引起如此强烈的反应。 即学
38、即练 3 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 (1)I have to say that its _ (surprise) to find you agreeing with me for once. (2)Im a bit _ (confuse) about the arrangements for tonight what time are we meeting? (3)The stewardess asked all the passengers on board to remain _ (seat) as the plane was making a landing. (4)It rem
39、ains _ (see) whether he will be fit enough to play in the finals. (5)There is no reason to be _ (disappoint). As a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing. surprising confused seated to be seen disappointing .单词拼写 1They also had a small p_ in which they raised fish. 2Seeds of these plants are _
40、 (播种) in spring, and a few days later, they will sprout (发芽) 3Generally speaking, the old are able to give us good advice due to their experience and _ (智慧) 4The local _ (医生) were brought in to research into the cause of the flu epidemic. pond sown/sowed wisdom physicians .单句语法填空 1Last Saturday, our
41、 monitor suggested _ (go) to the old folks home to help them. 2Marys _ (be) absent from the party made all of us depressed. 3Do you remember _ (borrow) me a novel? Please dont forget _ (return) it to me next weekend, Bob. 4What makes you so upset? _ (lose) three tickets to the pop music concert. 5Yo
42、u didnt need _ (tell) him the news; it just made him sad. going being borrowing to return Losing to tell 6All of us agreed it is necessary _ (collect) related material before we began to write a report. 7In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library _ (be) now as simple and convenient as shopping on
43、line: click, pay and wait for delivery. 8I think it is no good _ (have) another talk with him on the matter. 9_ (she) not coming back made her parents worried. 10People enjoy _ (work) with him because he has a good sense of humour. to collect is having Her working 11 After he finished _ (do) his mat
44、hs homework, he went on _ (write) his composition. 12One of the most important things in life is _ (have) a specific aim and then try hard towards it. 13Lost in the mountains for three days, what the three visitors were able to do was _ (expect) the help of helicopters. 14The teachers explanation of the problem was so _ (confuse) that most of us couldnt understand. 15As is known to all, travelling is _ (interest), but we often feel _ (tire) when we are back from the journey. doing to write to have (to) expect confusing interesting tired
