1、英语英语高考考前知识点复习（高考考前知识点复习（二二） 112.determine v. （1）决心、决定，其后可接动词不定式、从句或 on 引导的短语。 如： We determined to get the work done before October 1.我们决定在“十一”之前完成这 项工作。 She determined to go that very afternoon. Have you determined where youre going to spend the summer vocation?你决定在哪 儿过暑假了吗？ They determined on an ea
2、rly start.他们决定早动身。 He has determined on going home next week.他决定下周回家。 （2）使决意，后接不定式或介词短语作宾补。 如： What determined you to accept the invitation?什么原因使你接受这个请帖？ The situation determined him against further delay.形势使他决定不再拖延。 （3）be determined(to do sth.)下定决心；有决心，后接不定式或从句。 如： He was determined to study Englis
3、h well.他下决心把英语学好。 I was determined not to follow their advice. We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.我们决 定绝不允许这类事情再次发生。 （注意从句运动用 should + 动词原形） determine to do sth.决定（心）做 I left him, determined never to set foot in that house again. 113.devoteto把献给，把用在 devote ones
4、elf to致力于，献身于 be devoted to专心致志于，献身于，忠于 Mary devotes too much time to eating. He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. He devoted himself entirely to music. He was still devoted to the study of chemistry. He is very devoted to his wife. 114.die out 熄灭；绝种；逐渐消失。如： The fire died out .火灭了。 T
5、hat talkative mans voice died out.那个健谈的人的声音渐渐地听不见了。 115.the + 形容词（分词）表示一类人的用法。 常见的短语有： the old(young; rich; poor; learned; living). 如： The living should carry out what the dead unfinished. 活着的人（后人）应该把前人未竞事业进行到底。 116.no more than (=only)仅仅，不过。两者都不。 如： What can I do, Im no more than a citizen. 我能怎么样，我
6、只不过是个平民百姓。 Tom is no cleverer than Jack.汤姆和杰克都不聪明。 但是：not more than 表示 A 不如 B（）或不超过。如； My English is not better than yours. 我的英语不如你的好。 I think you are not more than twenty years old. 我想你不满二十岁吧。 117.diet; food 两者都可作“食物”解。diet 指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的 定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food 是一般用语。凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都 可称 fo
7、od.例如： The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world。中国的饮食被认 是世界上最健康的饮食。 Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很 重要。 He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特别饮食以减肥。 The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手术之后医生规定他吃流食。 They eat different
8、kinds of food which change into energy.他们吃的各种各样的食物 都转化成能量。 His food includes eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括鸡蛋、 蔬菜、水果和一些软饮料。 118.dip into 蘸进；随便翻阅；稍稍研究 I havent read that book properly. Ive only dipped into it. 我没有好好读那本书，仅随便翻阅一下。 Ive only dipped into politics. 我对政治研究不深。 119.discov
9、er discover sth.发现某物； discover oneself 暴露自己的身份； discover sb. doing sth.发现某人在做某事; discover sb./sth.to be发现某人（物）； discover + that 从句发现常用搭配： discover ones mistake/an island/the truth 发现自己的错误/一座岛/事实的真相 应用完成句子 我们发现他是一位出色的舞蹈家。 We _her _ _ a good dancer./We _ that_ _a good dancer. 有人发现她在偷东西。 Someone _ _ _
10、things./Someone discovered that _ _stealing things. Key:discovered， to, be/discovered, she, was discovered,her,stealing/she,was 120.disturb,interrupt disturb 有“打扰，扰乱，使（人）心神不宁”之意。如： disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the public peace 打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/ 扰乱社会治安； be mentally disturbed 精神上受到影响；be disturbed
11、about 对感到不妥。 对比：interrupt 有“打断，打扰”之意，侧重打断。 如：Dont interrupt me while Im busy.我忙的时候不要打扰我。 应用完成句子 她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不安。 She was_ _ her mothers sudden illness./She was_ _hear of her mothers sudden illness./She was_ _ the news of her mothers sudden illness. 不要打断那位演讲者，他讲完再问你的问题。 Dont _ the speaker;ask your qu
12、estion after the meeting. Key:disturbed, about/disturbed,to/disturbed, by interrupt 121.do all sb.can to do sth. do what sb.can to do sth.尽某人的所能做某事 all 后面为 that 所引导的定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语已被省略；can 后面为避免重复 省略了 do;后面的 to do sth.为不定式（短语）作目的状语。all(that)sb.can(do)相当于 宾语从句 what sb.can(do)。 Ill do all I can to h
13、elp you.我将尽力帮助你。 He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他尽了最大努力来提高英语口 语水平。 122.Do give her my regards.请一定代我她问好。 助动词 do 及其变化形式可在肯定句中用来强调动词，意为“务必；一定；的确；真的”, 加强了句子的语气。 Do be careful! 一定要小心 I do like you.我真的喜欢你。 She does work very hard.她学习确实很努力。 Why didnt you tell him?你为什么不告诉他？ I did tell hi
14、m.我告诉他了。 123.do sb. a favour 或 do a favour for sb.给某人帮个忙，如果有 to do sth.则常用 do sb.the favour to do sth. 如： I wonder if you can do me a favour?我不知道你能不能帮我个忙？（没有说干何事） Please do me the favour to open the door, I want to go out. 麻烦你给我开一下门，我要出去。 124.do up 收拾（东西） 。整理、梳装打扮、系（扣）好 He was so hurried that he did
15、 up his buttons wrongly. 他太着急了以致于扣错了纽扣。 She spent a long time doing up her hair.她花了很长时间把头盘起来。 125.Do you think so? “so”用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，等于代替肯定的名词性从句，可与 believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think 等 及 It appear,It seems 和 Im afraid 连用。 “Will they go to see him?” “I believe so.(?I believet
16、hatthey will go to see him.)” 表示否定时，用 not 代替 so,但在 believe,suppose,think 等动词之后，如 I dont think(believe,suppose)so 等，通常仍可与 so 连用。 不能和表示确信、疑问的词语连用。 I doubt about it.() I doubt so.() 126.do walking 步行。“do + 动名词”结构表示“干某事，有较灵活的译法。 do reading(读书)/washing(洗衣服)/cooking(做饭)/shopping(买东西)/cleaning(打扫除) 等。 Do w
17、hat I told you to . Dont be late again. 127.doubt v. send up 发射； get up 起床； grow up 长大； look up 仰望，查阅； eat up 吃光； drink up 喝光； use up 用光； stay/sit up 熬夜； give up 放弃； take up 占空间，从事，开始干； keep up 保持，继续； put up 举起，建起； hang up 挂起来； hold up 举起； join up 连接起来； rise up 奋起反抗； move up 向前移动； lift up 扶起; do up
18、包，捆； hurry up 赶快； call up 打电话； break up 拆散，破裂; make up 组成，化妆，编造； bring up 抚养大； dress up 打扮； add up 加起来； warm up 变暖，热身。 应用完成句子 物价在天天上涨。 Prices are_ _ day after day. 衣服常常挂在火炉附近。 The clothes are often_ _ near a fire. 妈妈的把孩子扶起来，领走了。 The mother_ the baby_ and took him away. 他到乡下呆了一段时间，身体好了起来。 He went and
19、 stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _ _ _ _. Key: going, up hung, up lifted, up built, up, his, health 134.drop 用法归纳 drop 可用作名词“滴”； 用作不及物动词“掉下， 滴下”； 用作及物动词“使掉 （滴） 下”。 如： a drop of blood 一滴血； drop by rop/in drops 一滴一滴地； drop from the tree 从树上掉下来； drop to the ground 落在地上； drop the lett
20、er into the mailbox 把信投进信箱； drop a handkerchief/stone 掉下手帕/石头 习语： drop in 顺便拜访； drop in on sb.顺便走访某人； drop in at his school 顺便拜访他的学校。 应用完成句子 我看见一个苹果从树上掉下来。 I saw an apple_ _ the tree. 他们这样做是搬起石头咂自己的脚。 In doing so they are lifting a rock to _ _on their feet. 你路过的话，千万要来。 Do _ _ if you happen to be pas
21、sing. Key: drop,from drop, it drop, in 135.due to , be due to be due(to)有“应付给，应到的，预期的”之意，多用作表语，to 不定式符号；而 due to 表示“由于，起因于”时，to 是介词，相当于 because of。如： The train is due to arrive at 12.火车应于 12 点到。 When is the ship due?船预定何时到？ The accident was due to careless driving 车祸是粗心驾车引起的。 应用完成句子 那项计划由于资金不足而失败。 T
22、he program failed _ _lack of money. 希尔先生预定明天演讲两次。 Mr Hill_ _ _ lecture twice tomorrow. Key:due,to is ,due, to 136.earn v.赚；得到 earn n. earn sb. sth earn ones living He earns $10,000 a year.他一年赚 10,000 英镑。 His honesty earned him great respect.他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬。 She earned her living by singing in a nightcl
23、ub.她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。 137.earn, gain, win ,get 四个词均有“得到”之意，但 earn 指经过艰苦努力所得到的报偿，意为“赚得”；gain 指 作出很大努力而“获得”，所得东西常有一定价值；get 是普通词，指不一定需要努力就能 “得到”；win 意为“赢得”，含有取胜一方具有优越条件而能克服障碍之意。这四个词有 时可通用。 应用英译汉 earn much money/a prize/ones living gain a victory/experience/the first prize/ten dollars/a living/success/the batt
24、le/a doctors degree get ones help/full marks Key: 挣得很多钱/获奖/谋生 获胜/取得经验/获得一等奖/赚 10 美元/谋生/获得成功/赢得战斗/获博士学位 得到某人的帮助/得满分 138.earn ones living,make ones living 谋生，挣钱过活。 The professor earns his living by teaching at a language school. 139.eat up 吃光；吃掉。 He was so hungry that he ate up all the cakes and none
25、was left.他太饿了，把所有 的蛋糕都吃完了，一点也没剩。 类似的短语还有： drink up 喝光； 喝净。 /burn up 烧完； 烧掉。 /use up 用完； 用尽。 /clean up 打扫干净。 140.effect have effect on 对有影响，相当于 affect： It has had such a bad effect on him. 141.effort 短语归纳 make the greatest effort 做最大努力； make great efforts 尽最大努力； make a special effort 作出特殊努力； make an
26、effort to do sth.努力做某事； make every effort to help you 尽力帮助你; make one last effort 作最后的努力； make no effort 不努力； spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力去做某事; with(an)effort 艰难地； without effort 轻而易举地； in an effort 努力。 应用完成句子 他身体很强壮，可以轻易地提起那个重箱子。 He is strong enough to lift the heavy box _. 我们会不遗余力地阻止他们采取这一步骤。 W
27、e will _ _ _to prevent them from taking this step. 他艰难地游泳，为的是救出那个孩子。 He swam with difficulty_ _ _ _ save the boy. 我不会努力去帮助这样的人。 Ill _ _ _ to help such a person. Key:without,effort spare, to ,efforts in, an, effort, to make, no, efforts make efforts to do sth.努力（尽力）干 make an effort (at)尽力，努力 spare no
28、 effort 不遗余力 I made every effort to get it (at getting it) 142.end up 结果，结束 He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm. 他以职员开始而最后成为公司的主管。 The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲结束。 If you continue to drive so carelessly, youll end up in hospital. 如果你继续这样不小心开车，你会进医院的。 对比： end 指完结或终止，为
29、意义最单纯的用语； close 指把已开始的事物像关闭似的加以结束； finish 尤指最后的修饰工作，或把已经做的加以完成； complete 指把不完美的各点或有缺陷的部分加以补充完成。 Lets end the discussion. The meeting was closed by the chairmans speech. Try to finish your homework before 9 oclock. Have you completed your new program? 143.escape （1）vi.逃走；vt.逃避 The soldier managed to
30、escape by running into the woods. 那个士兵进树林逃掉了。 You were lucky enough to escape punishment / being punished. 你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。 (2)n.c逃脱，逃亡 have a narrow escape 九死一生，死里逃生 144.exam; examination; test; quiz examination 通常只指正式的“考试”，如期末考试、入学考试等。exam 是 examination 的缩写，常用于口语，多为学生使用。test 为“小考”成“考查”,quiz 为“测验”,特指 事先无
31、准备， 随时进行的测验， 也可指 （广播节目中的） 一般知识测验、 问答比赛、 猜谜等。 例如： He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入学考试中成绩很好。 Theres going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午将进行物理考试。 The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的小测验。 145.example; pattern;model pattern“型、式样、图样”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心设计出的图样或模型，也可指榜 样
32、。如： Can you use the sentence pattern?他会用这个句型吗？ She is a pattern for us.她是我们学习的典范。 model“模型、模范”，指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如： Have you seen his model ship?你看见过他的船模吗？ example “例子、榜样”,主要指人及其行为和活动被他人信效。如： Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。 146.except; besides; except for+名词/except that+句子用法区别。 except 相 当 于but, 表
33、 示 “ 除 了 以 外 （ 不 包 括 在 内 ） ” ， 常 与all, nobody,everything,everybody, nowhere 等表示整体概念的词连用。besides 相当于 apart from， 表示“除以外 （尚有） ”之义。 except for./except that .表示“除了” 之意，引述一个相反的原因或细节，因而部分地修正了句中的主要意思。如： Your article is well written except for some grammar mistakes.你的文章写得好，只 是有几处语法错误。 excuse, pardon,forgive
34、 excuse“原谅，宽恕”，语气较轻，指对轻微的冒犯、失礼等的原谅；pardon 用于正式场 合时意为“赦免”，也有“原谅，对不起”之意，语气最重；forgive 指免除某人犯错误或 违法承担的后果，或不追究其应受责备的行为。三个词都常与 for 连用，表示“原谅某 人”。 应用汉译英 请原谅我迟到了。 我永远不会原谅你昨天晚上说过的话。 Key:Please excuse we for being late. The court pardoned the man who had broken the law for a certain reason. Ill never forgive y
35、ou for what you said to me last night. 147.expect, wait 二者均有“等待”之意， 但有不同。 expect 侧重心理状态， 因而可译为“期待， 期盼”， 是 及物动词；而 wait 指行动，有“不干别的事专门等”之意，是不及物动词。对比： They are busy with preparations, expecting the foreign guests.他们忙着准准备，期 待着外宾的到来。 Holding little flags, the children are waiting for the foreign guests.孩子
36、们手拿 小旗，在等待外宾的到来。 应用完成句子 她很久没有儿子的消息了，因而期待着他的电话。 She hasnt heard from her son for a long time, so she _ telephones from him. 他正等着要和你说句话。 He _ _ to have a word with you. Key:expects is ,waiting 148.expert n.专家，能手 adj.精通的 an expert on 一名方面的专家 be expert at/in doing sth. 于很内行 an expert on computer science
37、 计算机方面的专家 Shes expert at/in looking after babies. 她对于照料婴儿很内行。 149.explain t. 说明；解释；讲解。 He explained why he was late.他说明了迟到的原因。 Please explain this exercise to me . 请把这个练习给我讲一讲。 150.express ones satisfaction with 对表示满意 be satisfied with 对感到满意 The officials expressed their satisfaction with the prepar
38、ation for the exhibition. 151.fall 短语归纳 fall from a tree 从树上掉下来； fall off a table 从桌子上落下； fall out of bed 从床上跌下来； fall asleep 入睡； fall ill 病倒； fall behind 落后； fall in love with sb.爱上某人； fall to pieces 倒塌，垮台，崩溃，解体； fall into the water 跌进水中； fall down 倒下； fall onto the ground 掉（倒）在地上； have many falls
39、跌下许多跤； in the fall 在秋季。 应用完成句子 那个孩子从墙上掉下来伤着了右腿。 The boy_ _the wall and hurt his right leg. 他不想在学习上落后于别人。 He didnt want to _ _others in his studies. Key:fell,off fall,behind fall ill 生病，得病 Tom is absent,for he has fallen ill. John was caught in the storm and he fell ill. fall over 意为“跌倒”，“跌跤”。如： When
40、 he was skating, he fell over some times. fall to pieces 该短语意为“垮台”，“崩溃”，“倒塌”，“解体”。如： Most buildings fell to pieces in the earthquake in this city. Most organizations fell to pieces after political reform. far below + n. 该词组意为“远远低于”，“比低得多”，其中 far 是副词，用以加强语气。如： The production of this factory was far b
41、elow the normal level last year. 152.far from:不仅仅，远不是（跟动名词、形容词、名词或代词） 。 如： Far being slow, they are actually fast enough.他们一点也不慢，相反非常迅速。 Its far from perfect.它还很不完美。 另外：由 far 引出的短语 go far(物)经用、时间长 This food cant go far.这些东西不够吃。 so far:到目前为止、到程度（地步） I can only tell you so far.我只能给你说到这一步。 as far as 就而
42、言、从来看、尽所能、只要、一直查到某地 As far as I know, he will not come.据我所知，他不会来啦。 You should stick to your opinion as far as it is reasonable.只要你有理，就应该坚 持。 We walked as far as the church. 我们一直走到教堂跟前。 153.feed vt. 喂养；以为。常用结构： feedwith/on sth . feed sth . to She feeds her baby with /on cows milk./she feeds cows milk
43、 to her baby.她 用牛奶喂孩子。 I feed my cat with/on fish./I feed fish to my cat .我用鱼喂猫。 另外：feed (vi.)on 相当于 live on , 意为“以为主食”。 Sheep feed mainly on grass.羊以草为主食。 feedon以饲养（动物） feed on(动物)以为食 feedto喂（动物）当饲料。 154.feel like想（做某事） ；愿意。 I feel like going to a museum.我想去博物馆。 I feel like a drink. Have you got an
44、y beer?我想喝点东西，你俩有啤酒吗？ 155.fight with,fight against 意为“为反对而战、与作斗争”,against 后面接 的是反对的对象，如： They are fighting against their enemy.他们在与敌人作战。 Political leaders fought against slavery.政治领导们为了反对奴隶制度而斗争。 fight for 意为“为争取而斗争、因为而打架”。如： Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.两只狗为抢一块骨头而打架， 另一只狗
45、把骨头叼走了。 fight with 意为“同（一起并肩）作战、与作战”，它含有两重意思，试比较： They fought with the Italian in the last war.他们在最后的这次战争中是与意大利人 作战。 They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次战争中，他们和意大 利联合作战反对法国。 156.figure; shape;form 这组名词都有“形状”的意思。 shape 着重指人或物等的比较具体的整个外形，不太正式；form 指有实体结构和看得见的 某种特殊形状或是抽象的形式；figur
46、e 指物时，侧重指轮廊，指人时，着重指姿态。如： Coins may be of different sizes,weights, shapes, and of different metals. 硬币可 能大小、轻重、形状不同，铸造的金属也可能不一样。 The shape of Italy is like a leg.意大利国的形状像一条腿。 Change these sentences into the Present Perfect Passive,putting the verbs into the correct forms.用动词的正确形式将下面的句子变成现在完成时的被动语态 。
47、Ice,snow and steam are forms of water.冰、雪、蒸气是水的几种形态。 You can see the tall stone figures and visit the temples of the gods.你可以看到 那些高大的石雕像，参观那些神殿。 这组名词也可当动词用，shape 意为“使什么东西具有某种具体的外形”，常有“塑造”等 具体意义；form 指通过协商、组织等形成某种习惯、计划或组织等，一般相当于“形 成”;figure 通常指象征某事物。 157.find (1)vt.发现，发觉 She found a wallet lying on t
48、he ground. 她发现地上有个钱包。 We found her still asleep. 我们发现她还在睡觉。 He found her left behind. 他发现她被落在后面。 (2)n.发现，发现物（尤指贵重或悦人的） I made a great find in a second-hand bookshop yesterday. 昨天在旧书店里我有重大发现。 对比：find 多指偶然发现，碰见；后可接名词、复合结构或从句。find out 指通过观察、 探索而发现事实的真相、真情，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等；一般接名词、代 词或从句。discover 指发现客观事物的存在，发现已存在而不为人知的事情；多用于好的 事物。 Have you found the book you have been looking for? 你一直找的书找到了吗？ Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清他为什么迟到吗？ Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。 find ones way（to）找到；设法找到去的路 Can you find your way to the post office? 你能找到去邮局的路吗？ Rivers find t
