1、 液态铅酸电池充电站计划液态铅酸电池充电站计划 Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries 林德林德-厦门叉车有限公司厦门叉车有限公司 Linde-Xiamen Fork Lift Truck Co., Ltd 2002. 11 目录 Content 1. 充电站的定义和说明充电站的定义和说明 Definitions and descriptions of charging stations . 1.1 电池房 Battery-Rooms . 1.2 电池充电站 Battery charging stations . 2.
2、 建筑结构建筑结构 Building construction . 2.1 充电站内的车辆空间 Truck place in charging stations . 2.2 电池房的空间 Place in battery rooms . . . 2.3 地板条件 Floor condition. 3. 电气安装电气安装 Electrical installation . 3.1 视在功率 Apparent Power . . . 3.2 取暖 Heating . 4. 充电机充电机 Charger . 5. 通风通风 Ventilation . 5.1 总则 General . 5.2 根据
3、DIN VDE 0510 计算 Calculation according DIN VDE 0510. 5.3 必要的空闲房屋空间计算 Calculation of the necessary free room space. 5.4 必要的空气流量计算 Calculation of the necessary volume of airflow. 5.5 通风结构 Construction of a ventilation . 6. 房屋温度和气候房屋温度和气候 Room temperature and climate . 7. 加水加水 Water topping . 8. 搬运电池搬运电
4、池 Battery changing arrangements . 8.1 起重设备和货车 Crane Equipments and changing lorries . 9. 维护和维修地方维护和维修地方 Maintenance and repair places. 10. 标记和规定标记和规定 Labels and regulations . 11. 急救措施急救措施 First aid . 12. 重要的规范和规定重要的规范和规定 Important norms and regulations . 1. 充电站的定义和说明充电站的定义和说明 Definitions and regulat
5、ions of charging stations 1.1 电池房电池房 Battery-Rooms: 电池房是一种专门给电池充电和储存电池的房屋，也可以将充电机安装在电池房内。 A battery room is a special room for charging and storing batteries, in these rooms also the chargers could be installed. 1.2 电池充电站电池充电站 Battery charging stations: 电池充电站是一种专门房屋，在屋内，可以给装在车辆上的电池充电也可以给 1.1 所述的电池充电
6、。 A battery charging station is a special room for charging batteries which are installed in the trucks and also charg- ing batteries according 1.1. 总之先要决定是否应该建立电池房或充电站，大多数情况下两班或三班工作制运行应该有电池房，充电机前放有正 常充好电和正在充电的电池。在充电站里，正常情况下装在车辆中的电池和充电机相接，以上两种充电方式都可以 放在一间房中。 General is to decide if a battery room or
7、 a battery charging station should be set up. Mostly a battery room is necessary at a two or three shift operation, normally recharged batteries and batteries under charge stand in front of one charger. In battery charging stations normally trucks with installed batteries are connected to the charge
8、rs. Also both different versions could be installed in one room. 重要的是房屋是否是一个有人负责对电池管理、维护和充电的工作场所。这样必须有专门规定，如：灯光、噪音、 温度、气体释放等等，是否还要有附加等候室、清洗室和休息室。 Important is if the room is a working place where persons are in charge to optain and maintain and change batter- ies. In this case special regulations fo
9、r working places are necessary, for example questions about light, noise, temperature, gas-emission and so on, additional waiting rooms, wash rooms and rest rooms had to be installed. 2. 建筑结构建筑结构 Building constructions 2.1 充电站里的车辆空间充电站里的车辆空间 Truck place in charging stations 总则总则 General 充电站的平面空间取决于充
10、电站规模和车辆种类，而且根据 VDI 2197, 2198 和 2199 或国家特殊标准计算车辆进、 出和转弯的必备空间。 The necessary square meters of charging stations depends in the main part of the kind of charging station and the trucks, also the necessary space for drive in and out and turn around with the trucks must be calculated ac- cording the reg
11、ulation VDI 2197, 2198 and 2199 or special national norms. 实际可以用 15 m2 计算，重要的是： - 车辆的种类和外形尺寸 - 每个车型的车辆数量 - 车辆总数量 - 充电机的数量和种类 - 车辆占据的面积（宽和深） - 车辆高 In practice you can calculate with 15 m2 square meters, important are: - kind and largeness of the trucks - quantity of trucks of each truck type - total
12、quantity of trucks - quantity and type of chargers - the stand square meters of the truck (wide and deep) - high of the truck 车辆附加的占地面积，必须将车辆周围空间 0.6 m 和充电机到电池间 1m 的距离计算在内。 Additional to the stand square meters of the trucks a necessary space around the truck of 0,6 meters and a dis- tance charger t
13、o battery of 1 meter must be calculated. 车辆到充电机和存储的货物之间最小距离： Minimum distances of trucks to chargers and stored goods a) 车辆周围必备空间车辆周围必备空间 necessary space around the truck 最少最少 0,6 meter b) 电池和充电机间必备距离电池和充电机间必备距离 necessary distance between battery and charger 最少最少 1 meter c) 到易燃品的必备距离到易燃品的必备距离 necess
14、ary distance to inflammable stored goods 最少最少 2,5 meter d) 到易爆品的必备距离到易爆品的必备距离 necessary distance to explosive material 最少最少 5 meter 必备高度必备高度(取决于车辆取决于车辆) necessary high of the place (depends of the trucks) 最少最少 2 meter 充电站的房屋布局充电站的房屋布局 Room arrangement at a charging station Stellplatz A Stellplatz B
15、brennbare Gegenstnde, z.B. eingelagerte Ware feuer - , explosions - oder explosivstoff - gefhrdete Bereiche a a a a b c d 充电机充电机 A charger A 充电机充电机 B charger B 车辆车辆 A truck A 车辆车辆 B truck B 易燃品易燃品 inflammable goods 易爆品易爆品 explosive goods a a a a b c d 相对放置的车辆间必备距离应该是车辆转动空间的相对放置的车辆间必备距离应该是车辆转动空间的一半（一
16、半（Wa）加上）加上 0.6m (B = Wa + 0,6m) necessary distance between the opposite placed truck should be the half of the turn around space (Wa) of the truck plus 0,6 meter (B = Wa + 0,6m) 2.2 电池房的空间电池房的空间 Place in battery rooms 电池充电房的必要面积取决于电池、充电机、起重设备或运输充放电电池的车辆的种类、数量和大小。 In battery charging rooms the necess
17、ary square meters depends of the quantity and the largeness of the batteries and the chargers and of the kind of crane or the change-wagon to handle the recharged and the discharged bat- teries 实际上，可以用 7 m2计算 In practice you can calculate with 7 m2 每个充电机前必须计算出必备空间， 以放置两个电池加上电池之间最少 0.2m 的通风空间。 In fro
18、nt of each charger the necessary place must be calculated for two batteries plus a distance of minimum 0,2 meter between the batteries to have a good ventilation during charge. 放电池的托架必须以最重的电池考虑计算，并且与地隔离。 Battery banks must be calculated for the heaviest battery and must be isolated against the groun
19、d. 充电机前面板到电池的最短距离(a)为 0.5m，电池到温度超过 200 C 的加热装置最短距离为 2.5m。 The minimum distance (a) of the charger front panel to the battery is 0,5 meter and minimum 2,5 meter be- tween battery and heating systems with a temperature more than 200 C a B 2.3 地板要求 Floor conditions 地板上应该盖有一层防酸材料 压强 8 N/mm 抗酸腐蚀 抗硫酸 H2SO
20、4 (50%) 泄漏电阻 100 kohm 墙 泄漏电阻 100 kohm (电池周围 1.5m。) 屋顶 抗酸腐蚀 抗硫酸 t H2SO4 (50%) 地板必须有一个最小 0.25 m3 坑，其周围斜度为 1% 。 The floor should be covered with an acid resistant material: Pressure solidity 8 N/mm Acid solidity against H2SO4 (50%) Divert resistance 100 kohm Walls Divert resistance 100 kohm (only aroun
21、d the place of the batteries (1,5m) Roofs Acid solidity against H2SO4 (50%) The floor must have a Gradient of 1% to a pit of minimum 0,25 m3 3. 电气安装电气安装 Electrical installation 总则 General 按照 DIN VDE 0100 或专门国家标准或根据充电机供货商的说明进行电气安装，应具有市电电源断路器、为每个充 电机安装带慢动作熔丝的电源断路器或电机电路自动空气开关。应该具有通风并规定：只有工作通风时才能充电。 The
22、 electrical installation is to be done according DIN VDE 0100 or special national norms with a main switch power breaker and each charger with a power breaker with slow acting fuses or automatic breakers for motor-rated circuits according the technical instructions of the supplier of the chargers. W
23、ith a ventilation it should be installed a regulation that only with a working ventilation a charge is possible 3.1 视在功率 Apparent power 视在功率计算必须包括下列项目： - 充电机 - 加热系统 - 通风 - 照明 For the calculation of the apparent power the following components must be included: - chargers - heating systems - ventilati
24、on - illumination 充电机 1 到 n 的视在功率计算： 根据供货商的信息，功率 P1, P2, .Pn P (总功率) = (P1 + P2 + . Pn) x a a = 因数，所有充电机都工作 (一般为 0,8) Calculation of the apparent power of the chargers 1 to n: Power according the information of the supplier P1, P2, .Pn P (total) = (P1 + P2 + . Pn) x a a = factor if all chargers are
25、in function (typical 0,8) 对于充电机，效率和功率因数 cos phi 同样重要，典型计算： 充电机技术 / 曲线 效率 cos phi 50Hz-充电机 / Wa, WoWa 75% 0,7 50Hz-充电机 / IUIa 85% 0,7 HF-充电机 / IUIa 90% 0,95 For the chargers also the efficiency eta and the power factor cos phi are important typical calculation charge technique / curve eta cos phi 50H
26、z-charger / Wa, WoWa 75% 0,7 50Hz-charger / IUIa 85% 0,7 HF-charger / IUIa 90% 0,95 3.2 加热 Heating 加热功率取决于房屋种类和大小，与充电机和电池的发热成反比。 The heating power depends of the kind and largeness of the room it will be decreased by the heating of the chargers and the batteries. 充电能量计算 例如 电池 48 V 750 Ah, 放电等级 80% 充
27、电机 输出曲线 WoWa, 负载系数 1,2 中负载电压 2,4 V/Z 效率 80% 总能量： 64,8 kWh (所有充电机有功功率) 消耗的负载能量 51,8 kWh 损失能量 13,0 kWh ( 可用于加热 ) Calculation of the charge energy Example Battery 48 V 750 Ah, discharge grade 80% Charger output curve WoWa, load factor1,2 middle load voltage 2,4 V/Z efficiency 80% Kn x Qe x LF x n x Um
28、E = - eta x 1000 E 视在功率apparent power kWh Kn 额定容量nominal capacity Ah K5 Qe 放电等级discharge grade % LF 充电系数charge factor n 单体电池数量number of cells U 中负载电压middle load voltage V/Z eta 充电机效率efficiency of the charger 1000 kWh 转换 Wh calculation of Wh in kWh Total energy: 64,8 kWh (apparent power of all charge
29、rs) consumed load energy 51,8 kWh Lost energy 13,0 kWh ( usable for heating ) 4. 充电机充电机 Chargers 为了选择正确的充电机，必须要知道电池型号、电池种类、额定电压、额定容量和根据工种、单班、两班或三班决 定的充电时间。 充电机根据外形大小既可以墙上安装也可以地面安装。 为了良好通风充电机之间最小 0.2m 间距很重要。 为便于方便操作，应该选择好安装充电机的高度。任何与水有关的安装必须在充电机下面。 To select the correct chargers it is necessary to kn
30、ow the battery type, the kind of battery, the nominal voltage, the nominal capacity and the charging time depending of the kind of working, single shift or two, three shift opera- tion. The chargers are either wall mounted or floor mounted depending of the largeness of the chargers. Important is als
31、o a distance between the chargers of minimum 0,2 meter to get a good ventilation of the air. The mounting high should be selected that a good operation with the chargers is possible. Any installation of water must be below the chargers. Example for wall mounted chargers 例如，墙上安装充电机： CEE 32 CEE 16 Sch
32、uko 保护斜坡 protection ramp Kabelkanal LG Typ 2 553 mm 69 0 m m LG - Typ 1 100 mm 18 00 m m 500mm CEE 32 CEE 16 Schuko Kabelkanal 电线槽 cable canal LG Typ 2 553 mm 69 0 m m LG - Typ 1 LG - Typ 1 100 mm 18 00 m m 500mm 5. 通风通风 Ventilation 5.1 总则 General 因为电解液的水分离在电池腔内形成氢氧混合气体，这个过程是在接近电池充电结束时，即电池过充时发生 的，超
33、过过充电压就开始放气阶段。 要设计电池充电房和充电站有足够的自然通风，如果需要强迫通风，就应该在始开充电时接通通风装置，进风尽可 能的接近地面，经过电池然后尽可能高的从对面排出。 A battery cab form a gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen due to the electrolytic decomposition of water. This gas develops particularly towards the end of battery charging or if the battery is overcharged. It is
34、 at it greatest above the voltage at which gassing starts. Battery charging rooms and battery charging stations shall where possible be designed so that the natural ventila- tion is sufficient. If artificial ventilation is necessary, it shall be ensured that the ventilation is switched on whilst cha
35、rging is taken place. The inlet air shall enter as close as possible to the ground, pass over the batteries and escape as high as possi- ble on the opposite side. 5.2 根据DIN VDE 0510 第三部分计算 Calculation according DIN VDE 0510 part 3 电池充电房和充电站的通风，在充电时要考虑到至少有足够的空气流量 Q,Q 由以下公式决定： The ventilation of batte
36、ry rooms and charging stations is regarded as adequate if during charging at least the volume of airflow Q, determined according to the following equation, is guaranteed. Q m /h = v x q x s x n x I 这里 where: Q 空气流量 m3/h is a volume of airflow in m3/h v 稀释系数，氢/空气混合物在较低的爆炸限度时，空气和氢气体积之比(96% 空气/4%氢气 =24
37、) is the dilution factor which is equal to the ratio of the amount by volume of air and hydrogen at the at the lower explosion limit of the hydro gen/air mixture (96% Luft/4%H2 =24) q 氢气体积流量，与一个单体电池在 0 C 和 1013 Pa 时电解液 Ah 每 A 每 h 的电流强度有关 is the volumetric flow of hydrogen relative to the strength of
38、 the current which at 0 C and 1013 hPa develops in one cell per A and per h due to electrolysis Ah (0,42E-3 m /h) s 安全系数=5（船舶核潜艇=10） safety factor = 5 (ships and submarines = 10) n 单体电池数量 is the number of cells I 产生氢气的电流安培数 is the current level in A which causes the development of hydrogen 电流 I 的指导数
39、 Guide values for current I Charging characteristic curve 充电特性曲线 current level I per 100 Ah nominal capacity 每 100Ah 额定容量电流 I Wa- 特性 characteristic (4 A/100Ah) Wsa- 特性 characteristic (6 A/100Ah) WoWa- 特性 characteristic (4 A/100Ah) IU- 到 2.4V/Z 的特性 IU-characteristic up to 2,4 V/Z (2 A/100Ah) IUI- 特性
40、characteristic (5A/100Ah) IU- 到 2.25V/Z 的特性 IU-characteristic up to 2,25 V/Z 1 A Q m /h = 0,05 x n x I A (v x q x s = 0,05 共计 together) 5.3 必备的空闲房屋空间计算* Calculation of the necessary free room space *: 正常情况下，如果房屋足够大，不必对充电房和充电站加专门通风，公式如下： Normally at battery rooms and charging stations no special vent
41、ilation is necessary if the halls are large enough, the formula is: V = Q x 2,5 m 宽 wide L: . m 伸 deep B: . m 高 high H: . m 体积 volume V: . m (L x B x H) *不包含充电机体积、电池体积和其他 *brut, without charger-volume, battery-volume and others 例如：对具有 WoWa特性曲线的充电机： 对于这种特性已经计算出每 100Ah 的电流为 4A。 Example for a charger w
42、ith WoWa characteristic: At these characteristic the calculation is to be done with a current of 4A for each 100Ah battery capacity 所充电池为： Batteries which will be recharged: 10 个带有 48 V / 400 Ah 的电池 电池数量 10 额定电压 48 每个电池所含单体电池 24 总单体电池数 240 额定容量 400 放气电流(A/100Ah): 4 总放气电流 (A/400Ah): 16 10 batteries with 48 V / 400 Ah Quantity of batteries 10 Nominal voltage 48 Number of cells per battery 24 Total number of cells 240 Nominal capac
