1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 一、现在完成时的被动语态的四种句式一、现在完成时的被动语态的四种句式 【观察思考】 Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet. 简的生活被因特网改善了许多。 Many people have been helped by the club. 很多人受到过这个俱乐部的帮助。 His novel has not been finished. 他的小说还没写完。 Have the new booking systems f
2、or tickets been used? 新的订票系统已经在使用了吗? How long has the battery been used? 电池已经使用多久了? 【探究总结】 肯定式 主语+ 否定式 主语+ 一般疑问式 +主语+been done ? 特殊疑问式 +主语+been done ? have/has been done have/has not been done Have/Has 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has 【应用实践】 翻译句子。 你的车已经修好了。 _ 地面还没打扫干净。 _ 那些房间粉刷了吗? _ 这部电影已经放映多久了? _ 答案答案: Your car
3、 has been repaired. The floor has not been cleaned. Have those rooms been painted? How long has the film been on? 二、现在完成时的被动语态的三个用法二、现在完成时的被动语态的三个用法 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。 【观察思考】 It is so late that the door has already been locked. 太晚了,门已经被锁上了。 His paper hasnt been handed in yet. 他的论文还没有交上。 【探究总结】
4、 当动词为非延续性动词时,可与_或_连用,但不能与for或since引导的表 示一段时间的状语连用。 【应用实践】 单句改错。 The club has been founded for five years. _ My report has been handed in for a week. _ already yet 答案答案: The club was founded five years ago. My report was handed in a week ago. 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去并向后持续。 【观察思考】 His computer has been re
5、paired for two hours. 他的电脑已经修了两个小时了。 The valuable book has been kept in the library since it was bought last year. 这本有价值的书自从去年买来就保存在这家图书馆里。 【探究总结】 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并有可能持续下去,常与 或 引导的时间状语连用或用于“How long ?”句型中。 【应用实践】 完成句子。 One hundred words _(已经学了) since last week. The old temple has been built
6、_(两年) and it is still in construction. for since 答案答案: have been learned for two years 3. 用于时间或条件状语从句。 【观察思考】 Mr Feng will go home to celebrate the New Years Eve as soon as his performance has been finished. 冯先生的表演一结束,他就回家庆祝除夕。 【探究总结】 用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态 代替将来完成时的被动语态。 【应用实践】 单句语法填
7、空。 Dont go out to play until all of your homework_ (finish). We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make). 答案答案:has been finished have been made 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态的四个注意事项三、使用现在完成时的被动语态的四个注意事项 【观察思考】 His puzzle has been worked out. 他出的谜已经被解出来了。 The park was opened to the public last year. 去年
8、这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public. 这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已开放) The project was started almost one year ago. 工程开始于差不多一年以前。 Dont worry. Your luggage has already been taken good care of. 不要担心。你的行李已被好好照看。 【探究总结】 (1)现在完成时的被动语态的两个部分,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。 (2)与一般过去时的被
9、动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态强调发生在过去,不强调动作 或状态与现在的联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 (3)非延续性动词,如borrow、 finish、 begin、 start、 buy、 marry、 open、 join等构成的 现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换 动词或时态。 (4)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持完整性,其中的介词或副词不可 省略。 【名师提醒】 常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语: already、 yet、 recently、 lately、 since then、 e
10、ver、 so far、 up to now、 for a long time、 by now、 in recent years、 in/during/ over/for the past/last years/weeks/months。 被动结构与系表结构的区别: 被动结构中过去分词强调动作,而系表结构中过去分词相当于形容词,强调主语的特点或 状态。 The field has been watered twice. 田地已被浇水两次。(强调water的动作已完成) The field is covered with snow. 田地被雪覆盖。(强调田地目前的状态) 在现在完成时的被动语态的
11、附加疑问句中,否定时使用hasnt/havent,肯定时使用 has/have。 His homework has been finished, hasnt it? The books havent been sold out, have they? 【应用实践】 (1)句型转换(将下列句子改为被动语态)。 They have finished the work ahead of time. _ Over time, people have changed the computer a lot. _ His parents have made Jack work harder than bef
12、ore. _ Have they returned the book yet? _ Have you found ways to make waste water clean? _ Li Huas boss has praised him for his excellent work. _ 答案答案: The work has been finished ahead of time. Over time, the computer has been changed a lot. Jack has been made to work harder than before. Has the boo
13、k been returned yet? Have ways been found to make waste water clean? Li Hua has been praised by his boss for his excellent work. (2)完成句子。 Shakespeares play Hamlet (拍成) into at least ten different films over the past years. Up to now, Huawei phones (使用) all over the world. So far this novel (translate) into several languages. this table (book) yet? 答案答案: has been made have been used has been translated Has; been booked (3)翻译句子。 他们结婚10年了。 _ 那位老人被精心照顾了10年。 _ 答案答案: They have been married for 10 years./ They got married 10 years ago. The old man has been taken good care of for 10 years.
