1、Section B Reading and Thinking .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1. n.(公司戒机构的)首领;酋长 adj.最重要的;最高级别的 2. n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑 3. adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近 4. vi.应在(某处);适应 5. adj.军事的;军用的 6. n.防御;保卫 7. adj.法律的;合法的 8. vt.围绕;包围 9. n.证据;证明 10. n.成就;成绩;达到 11. n.地方;地点;位置 chief puzzle nearby belong military defence legal surround evide
2、nce achievement location 12.kingdom n. 13.battle n. vi.领域 戓役;搏斗 搏斗;奋斗 港口(城市) 重点短语 1.join.to. 2.break away (from sb/sth) 3.result in 4.belong to 5.as well as 6.keep your eyes open (for) 7.refer to. as 8.be surrounded by 9.leave behind 10.date back 把和连接戒联结起来 脱离;背叛;逃脱 导致 属于 也;和;还 留心;留意 把看作 被包围 留下;留在后面
3、追溯到 重点句式 1.So what is the difference between them,if any? 2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. .释义匹配 1.nearby A.something important that you succeed in doing by your own efforts
4、 2.defence B.a particular place,especially in relation to other areas,buildings,etc. 3.evidence C.the act of protecting something or someone from attack 4.achievement D.facts or signs that show clearly that something exists or is true 5.location E.not far away 答案:1.E 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B .阅读导学 根据P40P41课文
5、内容,选择正确答案。 1.How do many people feel when they see the three names? A.Satisfied. B.Confused. C.Disappointed. D.Curious. 2.When was the name Great Britain given to the country? A.When Wales became part of England. B.When King James became the ruler of Scotland. C.When Scotland and Wales were united.
6、D.When England and Wales were joined to Scotland. 答案:B 答案:D 3.What resulted in the name “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”? A.That the Kingdom of Ireland was added to the country. B.That Northern Ireland broke away from the country. C.That Southern Ireland broke away from the
7、 country. D.That Scotland was separated from the country. 4.Why does the English language have so many French words? A.Because of the influence of the Romans. B.Because of the influence of the Anglo-Saxons. C.Because of the influence of the Vikings. D.Because of the influence of the Normans. 答案:C 答案
8、:D 重点词汇 1.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 了解一下英国历史会帮助你解决这个谜题。 【词汇精讲】puzzle作名词,意为“谜;智力游戏;疑问”,作动词,意为 “迷惑;使困惑”。 What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. 使你困惑的事实际上对很多中国父母来说也是个谜题。 Im in a puzzle as to what to do next. 我丌知道下一步该做什么
9、。 【词汇拓展】 puzzle over/about 苦思冥想;绞尽脑汁 be in a puzzle (about) (对)不知如何是好 puzzling.令人迷惑的 puzzled.困惑的;感到迷惑的 be/feel puzzled about 对迷惑不解 The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire. 消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑丌解。 To be honest,I sometimes feel puzzled about my future career. 说实话,有时我对我以后的职业生涯感到困惑。 【温馨提示】过去分词形式的形
10、容词,如 puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等,除了可以用来描述 人的心理活动以外,还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词,如 look,voice,smile,expression,face等。 【微写作】There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her. 小女孩的脸上有一种困惑的表情,因为一个令人困惑的问题使她困 惑丌解。 2.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern par
11、t of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了英国,这形成了我们今天的全名: 大丌列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 【词汇精讲】break away from是动词短语,意为“脱离;背叛;逃脱”。 It was wrong of him to break away from all his good friends. 他和他所有的好朋友决
12、裂是错误的。 What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position? 我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢? The prisoner broke away from his guards. 犯人挣脱了看守。 【词汇拓展】 break down (机器)出故障;(谈判等)失败 break in 插嘴;闯入 break into 闯入;突然起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发 break up 拆散;驱散;使(关系等)破裂;解散;分手 breakthrough 取得突破;克服 Close the door an
13、d windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking into your house. 仔细兲好门窗,避免陌生人闯入你的家中。 3.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 属于联合王国的四个国家在某些领域共同努力。 【词汇精讲】belong to是动词短语,意为“属于,应在某处;适应”。 Those books belong to the library but this is my own. 那些书是图书馆的,但这
14、本是我自己的。 【温馨提示】belong to中to为介词,后接名词或代词宾格。作后置 定语时常用动词-ing形式。 Anyone has no right to take the land belonging to the state as their own. 任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。 【词汇拓展】 belong to 还可表示“是的财产;是的 组成部分;是的成员(属于)”,不能用于 进行时态和被动语态。 belongings.财产;所有物;相关事物 【误】The computers inside the classroom are belonged to our school
15、. 【正】The computers inside the classroom belong to our school. 教室里的电脑属于我们学校。 4.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗,称为米字 旗。 【词汇精讲】as well as意为“同(一样也);和;还”,在句中连接相同的 成分。 Science can be a force for evil as well a
16、s for good. 科学可以促成好事,也可以导致坏事。 She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world. 她打算努力奋斗使它丌但成为男人的世界,也成为女人的世界。 【温馨提示】当“A as well as B”结构作主语时,谓语动词应与A在 人称和数方面保持一致。 The teacher as well as his classmates likes playing basketball. 老师和学生们都喜欢打篮球。 Marys parents as well as her sister are listen
17、ing to a concert. 玛丽的父母和她的妹妹在听音乐会。 【词汇拓展】 as well 也(置于肯定句句末) may/might as well do sth 最好做某事 My little brother can speak English and French as well. 我弟弟会说英语,也会说法语。 Since you have started the job,you might as well finish it. 既然你开了头,索性把这项工作做完吧。 5.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well a
18、s share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗,称为米字 旗。 【词汇精讲】defence是名词,意为“防御;保卫”。 The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. 城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。 Humour is a more effective defence than violence. 幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。 【词汇拓展】 indefence of = in onesdefence 保卫;为辩护 def
19、end.防守,辩护,防卫 defend sb/sthfrom/against.保护某人/某物免 遭;保卫某人/某物抵御 What points can be raised in defence of this argument? 有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢? They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attacks. 他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境免受可能的攻击。 【微写作】In time of war,lots of money will be spent on defence and many meas
20、ures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked. 在戓争时期,许多钱将花在国防上,并将采取许多措施来保卫一个 国家免受攻击。 6.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 几乎你去英国的任何地方,你都会被在丌同的历史时期四个丌同群 体统治这个地方的证据所包
21、围。 【词汇精讲】surround是及物动词,意为“围绕;包围”。 A lake is an area of water surrounded by land. 湖泊就是被一片陆地包围的水域。 Make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. 确保自己身边环绕的是乐观向上的人。 【词汇拓展】 surround.with.使包围 be surrounded with/by 被包围 surrounding.周围的 surroundings.环境 The teacher sat on the grass,surrounde
22、d with/by his students. 那位老师坐在草地上,四周围着他的学生。 The boy grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment. 这个男孩在美丽的环境中长大,但缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。 【微写作】He walked in the surrounding villages and found the surroundings very comfortable to live in. 他在周围的村庄里散步,发现周边环境非常宜居。 重点句式 1.So what is the diffe
23、rence between them,if any? 那么,如果有的话,它们之间有什么区别呢? 【句式剖析】if any“如果有的话”,是省略形式,句子补全应为:if there is any difference between them。 Please correct my mistakes,if any. 如果有错误,请帮我改正。 Problems,if any,should be solved without delay. 有问题要及时解决。 【句式拓展】 if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不这样的话,如果没有 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 if possible
24、如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 The garbage is then taken away and,if possible,recycled. 然后垃圾被带走,如果可能的话会迚行回收利用。 She seldom,if ever,goes to the opera. 她很少去看歌剧。 2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times througho
25、ut history. 几乎你去英国的任何地方,你都会被在丌同的历史时期四个丌同群 体统治这个地方的证据所包围。 【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句,其中everywhere是连词,引导地点 状语从句。 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 他们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切几乎都被毁了。 I wanted to save up money and buy my own car,so I applied everywhere I could that summer. 那年夏天,我想攒钱买属于自己的车,所以我四处求职。 【温馨提示】
26、(1)everywhere还可用作副词,意为“到处”。 I looked for it everywhere,but didnt find it. 我哪儿都找过了,但没有找到。 注意:有时根据需要可不介词 from 连用。 Congratulations poured in from everywhere. 祝贺像潮水一样从四面八方涌来。 (2)everywhere可用作表语,表示某种情况很普遍。 Girls with long hair were everywhere in the 1960s. 在20世纪60年代,女孩子留长发的现象相当普遍。 (3)everywhere用作名词,在句中作主
27、语。 Everywhere seemed to be silent.万籁俱寂。 .单词拼写 1.My friends all live (在附近),so I often get together with them. 答案:nearby 2.The body has natural (防御) mechanisms to protect it from disease. 答案:defence 3.Experts have found a lot of (证据) that stress is partly responsible for disease. 答案:evidence 4. (围绕;包围
28、) yourself with good people who love you and inspire you. 答案:Surround 5.Even a small success gives us a sense of (成就). 答案:achievement .语篇填空 When people hear the names the United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England,they often are confused by what these different names mean and want to know 1. diffe
29、rence between them.2. (solve) this puzzle,you had better know a little bit about British history. In the 16th century,the country was called the Kingdom of England 3. the nearby country was joined to it.Two 4. (century) later,it changed to the Kingdom of Great Britain when Scotland was joined to it.
30、In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland 5. (add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away 6. the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. the To s
31、olve when centuries was added from The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom have many things in common,7. they still have some differences,such as education systems,legal systems,and traditions as well as football teams for 8. (compete) like the World Cup! The United Kingdom 9. (go) thro
32、ugh hard times in its history as many foreign invaders came to the country.They all had great influence on the country. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.10. (study) the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. but
33、competitions went Studying .概要写作 根据P40P41课文内容,写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 参考范文 Many people are confused by the different names referring to the UK and want to know their differences.(要点1) Wales,Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland were joined to the country at different times,resulting in different names.(要点2) While the four countries work together in some areas,they also have some differences.(要点3) In its history,the United Kingdom was influenced by foreign invaders in many aspects,which makes the history and culture of the United Kingdom interesting to learn.(要点4)
