1、现在完成时现在完成时 一、基本结构：一、基本结构： 主语主语+助动词助动词have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 肯：肯： e.g I (You) have studied. He (She, It) has studied. We(You,They) have studied. 否：否： 主语主语+助动词助动词 havent+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 hasnt I(You) have not/havent studied. He(She,It) has not/hasnt studied. We(You,They) have not/ havent studied. have
2、not = havent has not = hasnt 疑 问 疑 问 助动词助动词 Have+主语主语+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词? Has e.g: 1) Have you studied? Yes, I have./No, I havent. 2) Has he (she,it) studied? Yes,he(she,it) has.No,he(she,it) hasnt. 3) Have you (they) studied? Yes, we (they) have. No, we (they) havent. 回答回答: Yes, 主语主语+ have/has. No,主语主语
3、+ havent/ hasnt. 练一练练一练 1) 句型转换句型转换: I have written my postcard. 否：否：_. 一般疑问及回答：一般疑问及回答： _? _ I havent written my postcard. Have you written your postcard? Yes, I have. / No,I havent. I havent finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. I have finished my home
4、work. 2) 用现在完成时连词成句用现在完成时连词成句 I, finish, homework (2)动词的过去分词：规则变化与不规则变化动词的过去分词：规则变化与不规则变化 finish- finished- finished live - lived- lived stop-stopped-stopped carry- carried- carried 1加加ed，2加加d，3要双写，要双写， 4 注意，注意，y变成变成ied 特殊形式特殊记。特殊形式特殊记。 1.规则变化与过去式相同规则变化与过去式相同; 2.不规则变化不规则变化 am,is are become cut do fl
5、y go keep run was-been were-been became become cut-cut did-done flew-flown went-gone kept-kept ran-run write drive come buy bring take make sit feed wrote-written drove-driven came-come bought-bought brought-brought took-taken made-made sat-sat fed-fed 二二 、现在完成时的主要用法、现在完成时的主要用法 （一）（一） - Its so dark.
6、 -Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑) - Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free. (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业, 对现在造成的对现在造成的 结果是很有空结果是很有空) 1. 1. 用法用法 表示过去发生的某一动作表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。对现在造成的影响或结果。 汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达,通通 常与表示包括现在在
7、内的时间副词常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,so far, recently等状语连用。等状语连用。 例如：例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my math book. 2. 常用时间状语常用时间状
8、语 already 和和 yet的用法的用法 already 已经已经 通常用于肯定句中或句末通常用于肯定句中或句末 yet 已经，还已经，还 通常用于疑问句和否定句末通常用于疑问句和否定句末 我已经找到了我的尺子。我已经找到了我的尺子。 I have _ found my ruler. I have found my ruler_ . 否定句否定句:I havent found my ruler_. 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Have you found your ruler _？ already already yet yet 练一练练一练 1.我已经看过这部电影。我已经看过这部电影。 I _
9、 _ _the film. 2.你已经浇过花了吗？你已经浇过花了吗？ _ you the flowers_? 3.他刚刚完成了家庭作业。他刚刚完成了家庭作业。 He _ _ _his homework. 4.我们曾经去过五仙山。我们曾经去过五仙山。 We _ _ _to the Wuxian Hills. 5.李雷从不抽烟。李雷从不抽烟。 Li Lei _ _ _. have seen Have have watered finished been smoked has has already yet just ever never 表示表示过去某一时间已经开始、持续到现在过去某一时间已经开始
10、、持续到现在 （也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常（也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常 和表示和表示一段时间状语一段时间状语，如，如since+过去的时间过去的时间 点点, for+时间段等连用。时间段等连用。 （注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词） 现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法 （二）（二） 一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种: 1） for + 一段时间一段时间 eg: I _English_. 我学英语已经两年了。我学英语已经两年了。 for a year for two weeks for three years for tw
11、o years have studied 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 2) since + They _in Beijing_. 他们自年就一直住在北京。他们自年就一直住在北京。 Weve known each other _we _children. 我们从小就认识。我们从小就认识。 since last week, since 3 years ago since nine, since 2008 since you came to China since you got home since 1980 have lived since
12、 were 注意注意: for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段所引导的时间状语都表示一段 时间时间.有时可进行转换。有时可进行转换。 对它们提问都用短语：对它们提问都用短语： 如：如： (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问) 1. He has lived here since 2004. He has lived here _ _ _ He has lived here_ _ _ _. _ _has he lived here? 2. I have studied English for 3 years. I have studied English_ _ _ _. have you
13、studied English? for ten years since ten years ago since 3 years ago How long How long How long （同义句）（同义句） 练习练习 一、一、 选用选用 for和和 since填空填空: 1. We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2. His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3. The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4. Mr Green has worked here
14、 _ he came to China. 5. His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time. forfor forfor forfor sincesince sincesince sincesince 1.我学习英语达到我学习英语达到3年了。年了。 I English_ _ _. have learned 2.自从自从9点钟以来，我们就在这儿等他。点钟以来，我们就在这儿等他。 We for him_ _. have waited 3.自从两周前以来，他就在练习打篮球。
15、自从两周前以来，他就在练习打篮球。 He basketball_ _ _ _. has practiced 4.自从自从Lucy来中国以来，她就结交了许多朋友。来中国以来，她就结交了许多朋友。 Lucy_ _ many friends_ _ _ _ _. has made for 3 years since 9:00 since 2 weeks ago since she came to China 1. 1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。她成为一名护士已经三年了。 2. 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。我五年前就认识李雷了。 3. 3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post
16、post） 4. 4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。 5. 5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。我刚丢了我的历史书。 She has been a nurse for three years. I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him. He has taught me since I came to the school. I have just lost my history book. 三、延续性动词和终止性三、延续性动词和终止性( (瞬间瞬间
17、) )动词动词 英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是 延续性的动词延续性的动词，二是，二是终止性终止性(瞬间瞬间)动词动词。 延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成， 而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work, read, write, study等。等。 这些动词的完成时可以和一段时间状语连用。这些动词的完成时可以和一段时间状语连用。 eg: I have studied for two hours. 终止性终止性(瞬间瞬间)动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能动词是指那些动作一次完成，
18、不能 延续的动词。如：延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin等等. 这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。 终止性终止性(瞬间瞬间) 动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能 和表示一段时间的状语连用。和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如可说“如可说“He has left. She has come back 但不能说“但不能说“He has left for three years. She has come back for two days 如果要表达如果要表达: 1) 他已走了三年了他已走了三
19、年了. 2) 她已经回来两天了她已经回来两天了 可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法： 1. 用含用含ago等过去时间状语的一般过去时等过去时间状语的一般过去时。 1) He left here three years ago. 2) She came back two days ago. 2. “It is +一段时间一段时间since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句 ” 1) It is three years since he left here. 2) It is two days since he came back. 3.一段时间一段时间has passed + since + 一
20、般过去时从句一般过去时从句 1) Three years has passed since he left here. 2) Two days has passed since she came back. 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 4. 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分 瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续延续 的动词的动词或者或者表状态的表状态的be+名词名词形容词或副词形容词或副词介介 词短语词短语等。等。 1). 直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续
21、性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a cold keep be 2). 转换成转换成be+名词名词 join join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party member be a student 3). 转换成转换成 be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die leave begin finish open close fall sleep be dead be away be on be over be open be clo
22、sed be asleep be in （be a member of ） 4).转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army be in/at school be in the army 终止性动词完成时的否定式终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定表示一种否定 状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和 段时间状语连用。段时间状语连用。 如：如：I havent seen him for ages.我好久我好久 没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他）没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他） 1.他来中国半年了。他来中国半年了。 He
23、comes China for half a year. 改为：改为： 。 2.李雷买这本字典李雷买这本字典3天了。天了。 Li Lei has bought a dictionary for 3years. 改为：改为： 。 3.他的爷爷去世他的爷爷去世3年了。年了。 His grandpa has died for 3 years. 改：改： 。 练一练练一练 has been in had been dead 同义句转换同义句转换 .我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了. We _the book for three years. We _the book three years ago
24、. 他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He _a cold for three days. He _ a cold three days ago. have had bought has had caught 自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. I _the book since last week. I _the book last week. 我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I _a student for over two years. I _a student two years ago. have kept borrowed have been b
25、ecame Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。 Mr Black _for three years. Mr Black _three years ago. 小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。 Xiao Ming _for half a year. Xiao Ming _the army half a year ago. has been dead died has been a soldier joined 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this wat
26、ch for five years. ( ) I have had this watch for five years. since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. ( ) The old man has been dead for ten years. since 10 years ago. W W 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has
27、been back for 3 days. since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years. W W W 四、四、have gone to、have been to、have been in 1. 主语主语+have / has gone (to) +某地某地 某人已经去某地了某人已经去某地了 2. 主语主语+ have
28、 / has been (to) +某地某地 某人曾经到过某地某人曾经到过某地 主语主语+have / has been in+某地某地+for +时间时间 某人去某地多久了某人去某地多久了 He _ Beijing. 他已经去北京了。他已经去北京了。 He _Beijing twice. 他曾去过北京两次。他曾去过北京两次。 He _Beijing for 3 days. 他去北京三天他去北京三天 了。了。 has gone to has been to has been in 1. Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. 2.Mu
29、m is not at home now. she _ the shop. 3. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. 4. Where _ you _ these days? 5. Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. 6. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. 7. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. have been in has gone to have been Have bee
30、n has been has gone have been 用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空 1. 她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ Has she ever been to Nanjing? 2. 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ You have never been there, have you? 3.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 I have been to Guilin, I went there last year. 4 .她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。 She has gon
31、e to Nanjing. 五、一般过去时与现在完成时之比较五、一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或 单纯叙述过去的事情，强调单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作动作，和现，和现 在不发生关系。在不发生关系。 而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现现 在的在的情况情况。 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：请大家认真分析比较下列各例句： 1. I saw this film yesterday. (只说明动作发生在过去。）只说明动作发生在过去。
32、） I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了.) 2. She has returned from Paris. She returned yesterday. 3. He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。为短暂行为。) (她已从巴黎回来了她已从巴黎回来了) （她是昨天回来的。）（她是昨天回来的。
33、） 2. 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用， 或无时间状语。或无时间状语。 1) 一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有： yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,等等具体具体的时间状语。的时间状语。 2) 现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有： for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等等不确定不确定的时间状语。的时间状
34、语。 注意：注意： 句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在）时，不能使用现在 完成时，要用过去时。完成时，要用过去时。 例如：例如： Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.( ) Tom _a letter to his parents last night. 1.我们上周完成了我们的工作。我们上周完成了我们的工作。 We _our work last week . 2.飞机十分钟前起飞了。飞机十分钟前起飞了。 The pl
35、ane _ten minutes ago . 3.昨天，她们去游泳了。昨天，她们去游泳了。 They _yesterday . W finished took off went swimming wrote 改改 错错 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Gu
36、angzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years. studied kept been gone been 1.A:I my purse. (lose) B:What a pity. When you it? (lose) A:I it this morning. (lose) 2.A:I have watched the game. B:When _ you _ it? A. have watched B. do watch C. did watch 3.A: Ann has gone to Shanghai. B: So her p
37、arents.（填词）（填词） 4.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, ? A. havent you B. have you C. do you have lost lost did lose C have B 1.他去过两次泸州。他去过两次泸州。 He _ _ _ Luzhou _. 2.他们去了办公室，将很快回来。他们去了办公室，将很快回来。 They _ _ _ the office. They _ _ back soon. 3.他在中国四年了。他在中国四年了。 He _ _ _China _ four years. has b
38、een to twice has been in have gone to will come for 4.自从两年前以来，我就买了这块手表。自从两年前以来，我就买了这块手表。 I _ _ the watch _ two years _ . 5.他已经离开一小时了。他已经离开一小时了。 He _ _ _ _ an hour. have had ago since has been away for 1. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives 2. His grandma _ for t
39、wo years. A. died B. has been dead C. has died 3. A:Where is Han Mei now? B: She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C goes B B A 4. A: to the United Stated ?（填词）（填词） B: No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago 5. You havent changed your mind,_? A. do you B. ar
40、e you C. have you 6. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A. been on B. been C. joined D. played 7. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent C Have you been A C 8. -Where have you _ these days? -I have _ to Beijing with my friends. A. been ,gone B. been , b
41、een C. gone , been D. gone, gone 9. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? -Yes, I _ it last night. A. have, see B. have, have seen C. have, seen D. have, saw 10. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt C. hasnt D. has he B D D 中考连接中考连接 1. I have posted a letter to my penfriend in Americ
42、a . A. already B. yet C. for two days 2. You have never heard such a story, you? A. havent B. dont C. have 3. His grandma for many years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead A C C 4. Have you ever eat fish? Yes , I have. A B C D 改错：改错： . 5. I my grandmother since two years ago. A. dont see B. see C
43、. havent seen D. saw 6. Lin Taos been to Shanghai ,and so _ his sister. A. is B. was C. has D. does B 改为改为 eaten C C 7. Jack has a watch. He _ it for two years. A.has had B.has bought C.got D.bought A 8 .How many English words _ you _ since you came to our school? A. have, learned B.do, learn C. wil
44、l, learn D. did, learn 9 . 他们已经派人他们已经派人 去去 请医生请医生 了。了。 They _ _ _ _ a doctor. A A have already sent for 10. Our English teacher isnt here. She has _ Shanghai. A. been B. gone C. been to D.gone to 11.We have learned English for three years. (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问) _ _ _ you _ English? 12.从两年前起他就在这儿。从两年前起他就在
45、这儿。 He _ _ _ since two years _ . D How long have learned has been here ago 13.How long _ you _ here since you came to China? A.did,live B.do,live C.have,lived D.will,live 14.Anns already read this story-book.(改为否定句改为否定句) Ann _ read this story-book _ . 15. Miss White went to tell Jim to put his heart
46、 into the lesson. Jims face went red. From then on Jim has / looked out of the window. C hasnt yet never not A: Good morning, doctor. B: Good morning. Whats _ with you, boy? A: I have had a headache and a _. Im feeling weak now. B: How _have you been like this? A: Ever last week. B: Have you your te
47、mperature? A: Yes, my mother did. She said it was not very high. 完成对话完成对话 wrong fever/cough long since taken ( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you ( ) 2. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch B C ( ) 3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live ( )4. His gra
