1、期中备考期中备考-人教版八年级下册人教版八年级下册 unit 4 核心考点总结归纳核心考点总结归纳 【语法】【语法】 （一一）连词）连词 until, so that, although 引导的状语从句引导的状语从句 1）until：在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含 义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是 “直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 I stayed at school until my sister came to pick me up. Dont get off until the bu
2、s stops. I didnt sleep until my mom came back home. 2）so that 引导目的状语从句（为了，以便） 例如： He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. 为了在未来更好地工作，他努力学习。 3）although 的用法意思相当于 though（尽管，虽然） ，引导让步状语从句。引导 的从句不能与并列连词 but，and， so 等连用，但可以和 yet， still 等词连用。 例如： Although he was tired, he went on workin
3、g.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。 （一）情态动词（一）情态动词 should 和和 could 1. 情态动词 could 可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下： (1). 表示请求或者允许 could 表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请 求和陈述看法时，回答时用 can。 Could I use your cell phone for a while?我能用一会儿你的手机吗？ Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 你能告诉我如何到达火车站吗？ -Could you come to my b
4、irthday party?你可以来我的生日聚会吗？ -Sorry, I cant. I have to stay at home to look after my mother. 对不起，不能，我不得不待在家照顾妈妈。 (2).表示建议 情态动词 could 表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比 can 更加委婉。 You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests. 你可以让你的医生给你做个全身检查并且做几项测验。 2. should 的用法 （1）表示“应该，应当”。 （2）表示“可能，该（=will probab
5、ly）” （3）表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示。 例如： He should work harder.他应该更努力工作。 His backpack should be in the classroom.他的背包应该还在教室里。 【短语】【短语】 主动提出做offer to do 拒绝做某事 refuse to do 有足够的睡眠 get enough sleep 允许某人去做某事 allow sb. to do sth 业余活动 free time activities 生某人的气 be angry with 重要的事 a big deal 总的做某事（厌烦等）be always doin
6、g sth. 提出某人的观点 give ones opinion 笼罩 hang over 家庭成员 family members 和交流 communicate with 抄袭某人的作业 copy ones homework 与某人竞争 compete with sb. 删除，删减 cut out 向某人解释 explain sth. to sb. 和打架 get into a fight with 和.相处得好 get on with 在电话中 on the phone 依.的观点看 in ones opinion 浏览、翻看 look through 学习应试技巧 learn exam
7、skills 谈论关于talk about 成功解决、计算出 work out 【重点语句分析】【重点语句分析】 You could tell him to turn down the TV. turn down 意为“关小、调低” Could you please turn down the radio a little. Hope things work out. work out 此处表示“成功地发展”，后常跟 fine, well, badly 等词，表示产生的结果 如何； 此外 work out 还可以表示“解决、制定出”。 Everything is working out wel
8、l. The math problem is difficult for me to work out. I have worked out a new way of doing it. The Taylors are a typical American family. “the+姓氏的复数”表示一家人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Greens live in Los Angeles. Why dont you go to sleep earlier this evening? Why dont you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事”，常用来向对方提出意见 相当于 W
9、hy not do sth.?。 肯定回答用 Good idea./Good./All right./Sure.等； 否定回答用 No, I dont think so./Sorry, I cant.等。 -Why dont you go sleeping with us?-Good idea. People shouldnt push their kids so hard. push 这里用作动词，表示“鞭策、敦促、推动”。 Dont push yourself too hard. 不要太过于逼迫自己。 My parents push me to learn English well. 我父
10、母督促我学好英语。 Whats wrong? Whats wrong?意为“怎么了？”，用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事， Whats wrong with.?意为“怎么了？”，后接 sb.或者 sth.，用来询问某人或者 某物怎么了？ -Whats wrong with you, Jim? -I left my umbrella on the bus. 【拓展】 询问“怎么了？”，主要有以下几种句型： Whats wrong (with sb./sth.)? Whats the matter (with sb./sth.)? Whats the trouble (with sb./sth
11、.)? Whats up (with sb./sth.)? My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. pressure 此处用作不可数名词，意为“压力”，under pressure 表示“压力之下”。 I feel Im not able to do well with the pressure from my job. 我觉得在工作压力下我无法做好。 Im really tired because I studied until midnight last night. until 表示“直到”和延续性动词连用，意为一个动作一直持
12、续到某个点为止； 同短暂性行动连用时，用于“not.until”结构中，表示“直到才”。 The boy waited in the school until his father came to pick him up. 这个男孩一直在学校里等，直到他爸爸来接他。 The workers wont leave until they get their salary (工资). 直到工人们拿到工资，他们才会离开。 Secondly, why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother? (1)secondly 用作副词， 意为“第二、
13、 其次”， 常与 firstly, thirdly 或者 lastly/finally 等 表示顺序先后的词，表示列举某些事实。 Firstly, they are not efficient, and secondly, they are expensive to make. (2)communicate with sb.表示“与某人交流” People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet. They have a quick dinner, and then its time for homework. Its ti
14、me for sth.意为“该做某事了”，相当于 Its time to do sth.。 Its time for lunch.=Its time to have lunch. He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. refuse 表示“拒绝”时，后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。 The girl refused the offer from Oxford University. 这个女孩拒绝了牛津大学的录取。 Most of the residents refused to move away from here. 大多
15、数居民拒绝从这儿搬走。 In my opinion, it is important for children/parents to. in ones opinion 意为“依看”，相当于 according to sb.。 In their opinion, the meeting should be put off. 在他们看来，会议应该被取消。 My cousins borrow my things without returning them. return 此处用作及物动词，表示“归还” 相当于 give back，return sth. to sb.=return sb. sth.
16、。 Im going to return this book to the library. Dr. Alice says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. cause 这里是及物动词，表示“引起、造成” cause sb. sth.相当于 cause sth. for sb.。 The little boy caused his parents a lot of trouble. =The little boy caused a lot of trouble for his parents. 这个小男孩给
17、他父母惹了很多麻烦 【拓展】 cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事” What caused him to change his mind? If you parents are having problems, you should offer to help. offer 表示“提供”时，作双宾语动词，常用的结构为： offer sb. sth.相当于 offer sth. to sb.“为某人提供某物”。 The restaurant offers free coffee to customers. =The restaurant offers customers
18、 free coffee. offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事” The kind man offered to help the old lady across the road. “In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older,” she days. continue 表示“继续”，后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。 Mrs. Green continued working/to work after she had her baby. 格林女士在生完
19、孩子后继续工作。 Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. (1) instead 是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语；instead of 是介词短语，用于句中， 后接名词、代词或动名词。 He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow. 明天是他值日而不是我。 They didnt go swimming. They went to play football instead. 他们没有去游泳而是去踢足球了。 (2)whatever 表示“无论什么、不管什么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于
20、 no matter what。 Whatever difficulties he may meet, he will overcome them. 无论他遇到什么困难都会克服。 Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my childrens future. cut out 意为“删除、删去”。 You had better cut out that sentence. 你最好删去几个句子。 My problem is that I ca
21、nt get on with my family. get on with 意为“和睦相处”，后接人作宾语，相当于 get along with。 The new teacher is getting on/along with the students. 这名新老师和学生们相处很好。 【拓展】 get on/along with sth.意为“在方面取得进展” How are you getting on with your essay? 你的文章进展如何了？ I have to compete with my classmates at school. compete with 意为“与竞
22、争/对抗 ”，相当于 compete against.。 It is difficult for a small store to compete with/against a supermarket. 对于一个小商店来说和大超市竞争是困难的。 I got into a fight with my best friend. get into a fight with sb.意为“和某人打架” 相当于 have a fight with sb.或者 fight with sb.。 He got drunk (醉酒的) and got into a fight with Jim. 他喝醉了并且和汤
23、姆打了一架。 Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. (1)find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。 Tom found a man stealing something when he was in the supermarket yesterday. 昨天在超市的时候，汤姆发现有人偷东西。 (2)look through 意为“快速查看、浏览”。 It is a good habit to look through newspapers every day. 每天浏
24、览报纸是个好习惯。 【拓展】 look 的相关短语 look forward to 盼望、期待 look up 查阅 look into 调查 look after 照看 And they are always comparing them with other children. (1)be always doing sth.意为“一直做某事、总是做某事”，含有赞扬、抱怨或厌恶 等感情色彩，不表示正在发生的动作。 She was always moving things around. 她总是把东西搬来搬去。 (2) compare 表示“比较”时， 常用的结构有两个： compare.wi
25、th.“把同比较”； compare.to.“把比作”。 Dont compare your children with others. 不要把你孩子和比人比。 We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland. 我们经常把孩子们比作祖国的花朵。 Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. elder 用作形容词，意为“年纪较长的”，反义词是 younger。 His elder brother is ill. 【拓展】elder 和 older 的区别 elde
26、r 用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语； older 泛指新旧、老幼或者年龄大小的关系，可以用作表语或者定语。 You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time. (1) explain 表示“解释”，后常接名词作宾语，explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某 事”。 The teacher explained the answer to the question to his students again and again. 老师向他的学生们一遍又一遍解释这个问题。 (2)
27、mind 的用法： mind doing sth. 介意做某事 Would you mind opening the window please? 你介意开窗吗？ mind sbs/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事 Do you mind my/me calling you at night? 你介意我晚上打电话吗？ My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. allow doing sth. 允许做某事 The shopkeeper (店员) doesnt allow smoking in any corner of
28、the shop. 店员不允许在商店的任何角落吸烟。 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework. 如果他完成了作业，他的父母允许他打电脑游戏。 Your best friend does not trust you any more. not.anymore 相当于 not.any more 意为“不再”。 not.any more 相当于 no more，表示“不再”，强调程度或者数量上不再； not.any longer 相当于
29、no longer，表示“不再”，强调时间上不再。 I cant eat any more, because I am full. =I can no more eat, because I am full. 我不能再吃了，因为我饱了。 The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer. =The village is no longer what it was ten year ago. 这个村庄再也不是十年前的样子了。 When they argue, its like a big, black cloud hanging ov
30、er our home. argue 用作动词，表示“争吵” argue with sb.“与某人争吵”；argue about sth.“就某事争论”。 Mary often argues with her mother about which clothes to wear. 玛丽经常就穿什么的问题和妈妈争论。 They were arguing about the matter again. 他们又在就这件事争论。 Although shes wrong, its not a big deal. (1)although 是连词，意为“虽然、即使”，相当于 though，引导让步状语从句。 Although/Though my grandma is old, she is very healthy. 尽管我祖母年纪大了，她还是非常健康。 (2)its not a big deal 意为“没什么大不了、不是什么大事”。 Change the time of the meeting. Its not a big deal. 变更会议时间，这没啥大不了。
