1、期中备考期中备考-人教版八年级下册人教版八年级下册 unit 5 核心考点总结归纳核心考点总结归纳 【语法】【语法】 过去进行时过去进行时 1. 基本概念：表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。 2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing 3. 句式 肯定式： Was/were+doing sth. 否定式: Wasnt/werent doing sth. 疑问式和简略回答: -Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. -Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. N
2、o, he/she/it was not. -Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. -Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注： 1) was not 常缩略为 wasnt; were not 常缩略为 werent。 2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生 过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正 在进行的动作。 例如: David wrote a letter t
3、o his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。) David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。) 4.过去进行时中的 when 和 while when, while 区别： 1) 由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由 while 引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。 When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时 则为
4、： While we were talking, the teacher came in. 2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while 引 导。 如： They were having a meeting while we were talking about a serious problem. 【短语】【短语】 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 die down 拆除；摧毁 take down 实话说 to tell the truth 在的时候 at the time of 使分离 break apart 在路边 by the side of the road 确信；
5、确认 make sure 错过公交车 miss the bus 首先；最初 at first 进人梦乡；睡着 fall asleep 拍打beat against （闹钟）响铃 go off 对有意义 have meaning to 一团糟 in a mess 历史上的重大事件 important events in history 沉默；无声 in silence 记得做过某事 remember doing sth. 洗热水澡 take a hot shower 在某人去的路上 make ones way to 最近地；新近 more recently 接（电话） pick up 其余的，其
6、他的 the rest of 醒来 wake up 走路经过 walk by 【重点语句【重点语句分析】分析】 Kate didnt think her friend was telling the truth about the event. truth 用作名词，表示“实情、事实”，to tell the truth 表示“说实话”，放在句中作插 入语，用逗号同句子其它成分隔开。 I must tell you the truth.我必须要告诉你实情。 When he woke up, the sun was rising. (1) wake sb. up 意为“把某人唤醒”，wake u
7、p 意为“醒来”。 His mother often wakes him up at 6:00 in the morning. I usually wake up at 6:30. (2) rise(rose, risen, rising)不及物动词，意为“升起，上升” 辨析：rise 与 raise rise 不及物动词 意为“升起， 上升” The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. raise 及物动词 意为“提高， 筹集， 抬高，举起”
8、 The worker want the boss to raise their wages（工资）. The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family. More recently, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terro
9、rists. (1)recently 用作副词，意为“近来、最近”，常与现在完成时连用。 Have you called your mother recently?你最近给妈妈打电话了么？ (2)take down 意为“拆除、拆掉”，还可以表示“写下、记下”。 Could you please help me take down this tent? 可以帮我把帐篷拆下来吗？ I forgot to take down his telephone number. 我忘了记下他的电话号码了。 With no light outside, it felt like midnight. (P. 3
10、5) (1) with 这里用作介词，表示伴随状况，意为“由于、因为”。 With John away, theres more room in the house. (2)feel like 表示“感觉像、感觉好似” The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours. 【拓展】 feel like 还可以表示“想要”，后接动词时，用 doing 的形式，相当于“would like to do”。 He didnt feel like going swimming. Kate realized her bag was st
11、ill at home. realize 用作及物动词，意为“理解、领会、意识到”，后接名词、代词或者从句作 宾语。 He didnt realize his mistake.他还没有意识到他的错误。 The man laughed when he realized what happened. 当这个人意识到发生了什么时，他大笑起来。 What were you doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? 此句是过去进行时， 表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作， 结构为： was/were doing sth.。 They were watchin
12、g TV at nine oclock last night. I called at seven and you didnt pick up. pick up 意为“接电话”，相当于 answer the phone。 Why dont you pick up/answer the phone? 【拓展】 pick up 还可以表示“捡起、开车接送”。 My pen is under your desk. Can you pick it up for me? Can you pick me up at the station? My parents did not talk after th
13、at, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. (1)in silence 意为“沉默、无声”。 She stood by the window in silence for a long time. 她静静地站在窗边好久。 (2) rest 此处表示“其余的部分”，the rest of 意为“其余的、其它”，后可接 可数名词后者不可数名词，当在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与 of 后面的 名词保持一致。 若 of 后面的名词是单数可数名词或者不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式； 若 of 后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形
14、式。 The rest of the money is on the desk.剩余的钱在桌子上 Some of the students are reading in the classroom and the rest of them are on the playground. 一些学生在教室里读书，其余的在操场上。 She also put some candles and matches on the table. match 此处用作名词，表示“火柴”。 Dont let your children play with matches. 【拓展】 match 用作名词还可以表示“比
15、赛”，用作动词，意为“般配”。 Our team won the football game. This pair of shoes match your dress well. We were eating dinner in the kitchen when we heard the news on the radio. on the radio 表示“通过广播、通过录音机”，on 此处用作介词，表示“借助、以某 种方式”，后常接表示媒介的名词。 She is watching the show on TV. Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over
16、 the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. make sure 意为“确保”，后接 of 短语或者 that 从句。 I tried to make sure of the problem. Make sure that no one finds out about it. My alarm didnt go off so. go off 此处表示“发出响声”，还可以表示“爆炸、离开、停止运转”。 The alarm went off at 7 a.m. yesterday
17、. A bomb went off just now. Danny decided go off on his own. Robert Allen is now over 50, but he was a school pupil at that time. over 此处表示“超过、多于”，相当于 more than。 She stayed in Lagos for over a month. He is over sixty. I called again at eight and you didnt answer then either. also, too, as well 与 eit
18、her 都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。 also 放在句中行为动词前，be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后。 He also wants to go. too 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。 He wants to go, either. as well 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。 He wants to go as well. either 用于否定句句末。 He doesnt want to go either When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way
19、to school. make ones way to 意为“前往”，后接表示地点的名词。 We slowly made our way to the mall through the crowd. 我们慢慢地穿过人群前往商场。 He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. die down 意为“逐渐变弱、逐渐消失”。 The wind finally died down. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.
20、 hardly 用作副词，表示“几乎不、几乎没有”。 注意与 hard 区分，hard 作形容词时意为“坚硬的，困难的”，作副词时意为“努力 地，刻苦地”，两词虽形近，但是意义上几乎无关联。 She hardly ate anything today. There is hardly any milk left in the ridge. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. (1)beat 用作动词，表示“敲打、拍打”，还可以表示“战胜、打败”，
21、宾语是对手。 They beat drums to cheer up the players. I beat her at swimming yesterday. (2)against 用作介词，表示“碰、撞”。 The rain beat against the windows. 【拓展】 against 用作介词，还可以表示“倚着、靠着”或者“反对”。 The worker put the leader against the wall. We were rowing against the current. They are against building a factory here
22、. I didnt believe him at first, but then I looked out of the window and realized that it was true. at first 意为“起初、起先”，多用于句首或者句尾，暗示与后来的动作或者情况不 同，与 at last“最后、最终”相对。 The work was hard at first, but I got used to it later. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together. break.apart 意为“把折断；把分开”。 The strong wind broke the branches apart. Rumors broke the two close friends apart.
